IPAC2021 - List of Authors (Mernick, K.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPAB009	Review of the Fixed Target Operation at RHIC in 2020	69
	C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. As part of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) physics program, RHIC operated in Fixed Target mode at various beam energies in 2020. The fixed target experiment, achieved by scraping the beam halo of the circulating beam on a gold ring inserted in the beam pipe upstream of the experimental detectors, extends the range of the center-of-mass energy for BES. The machine configuration, control of rates, and results of the fixed target experiment operation in 2020 will be presented in this report.
	Poster MOPAB009 [2.913 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB009
About •	paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB010	RHIC Beam Energy Scan Operation with Electron Cooling in 2020	72
	C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. RHIC provided Au-Au collisions at beam energies of 5.75 and 4.59 GeV/nucleon for the physics program in 2020 as a part of the Beam Energy Scan II experiment. The operational experience at these energies will be reported with emphasis on their unique features. These unique features include the addition of a third harmonic RF system to enable a large longitudinal acceptance at 5.75 GeV/nucleon, the application of additional lower frequency cavities for alleviating space charge effects, and the world-first operation of cooling with an RF-accelerated bunched electron beam.
	Poster MOPAB010 [3.523 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB010
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB026	RHIC Delayed Abort Experiments	126
	M. Valette, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, K.M. Hartmann, G. Heppner, K. Mernick, C. Mi, J.-L. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, J. Morris, F. Orsatti, E. Rydout, T. Samms, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, T.C. Shrey, C. Theisen BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. For RHIC to operate at its top energy (100 GeV/n) while protecting the future sPHENIX detector, spontaneous and asynchronous firing of abort kicker modules (pre-fires) have to be avoided. A new triggering circuit for the abort kickers was implemented with relatively slow mechanical relays in series with the standard fast thyratron tubes. The relays prevents unwanted pre-fires during operation, but comes at the expense of a long latency - about 7 milliseconds - between the removal of beam permit and the actual firing of the abort kickers. Protection considerations of RHIC’s superconducting magnets forbid delaying energy extraction from the main dipoles and quadrupoles for too long after a quench. The beam has thus to circulate in both RHIc rings for a few milliseconds as the current in dipole and quadrupole circuit is being extracted. We present the results of delayed abort experiments conducted in July 2018 with the analysis of fast orbit and tune measurements and discuss the safety implications of this implementation for future RHIC operation.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB026
About •	paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB358	Design and Measurement of the 1.4 GHz Cavity for LEReC Linac	1113
	B.P. Xiao, J.C. Brutus, J.M. Fite, K. Hamdi, D. Holmes, K. Mernick, K.S. Smith, J.E. Tuozzolo, T. Xin, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Low Energy RHIC electron Cooler (LEReC) is the first electron cooler based on rf acceleration of electron bunches. To further improve RHIC luminosity for heavy ion beam energies below 10 GeV/nucleon, a normal conducting RF cavity at 1.4 GHz was designed and fabricated for the LINAC that will provide longer electron bunches for the LEReC. It is a single-cell cavity with an effective cavity length shorter than half of the 1.4 GHz wavelength. This cavity was fabricated and tested on-site at BNL to verify RF properties, i.e. the resonance frequency, FPC coupling strength, tuner system performance, and high power tests. In this paper, we report the RF test results for this cavity.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB358
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB359	Operational Experience and Redesign of the Tuner without Spring Fingers for the LEReC Warm Cavity	1116
	B.P. Xiao, J.M. Brennan, J.C. Brutus, K. Mernick, S. Polizzo, S.K. Seberg, F. Severino, K.S. Smith, A. Zaltsman BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. A folded coaxial tuner without spring fingers was designed for the Low Energy RHIC electron Cooler (LEReC) 2.1 GHz warm cavity. During RHIC run 2019, this tuner was found to cause cavity trips via different failure modes. After analyzing these failure modes, a new straight coaxial tuner without spring fingers was proposed and was installed. We show the operational experience of the new tuner in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB359
About •	paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXA02	Operational Electron Cooling in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider	2516
	A.V. Fedotov, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, C. Liu, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, V. Schoefer, H. Zhao BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Since the invention of the electron cooling technique its application to cool hadron beams in colliders was considered for numerous accelerator physics projects worldwide. However, achieving the required high-brightness electron beams of required quality and cooling of ion beams in collisions was deemed to be challenging. An electron cooling of ion beams employing a high-energy approach with RF-accelerated electron bunches was recently successfully implemented at BNL. It was used to cool ion beams in both collider rings with ion beams in collision. Electron cooling in RHIC became fully operational during the 2020 physics run and led to substantial improvements in luminosity. This presentation will discuss implementation, optimization and challenges of electron cooling for colliding ion beams in RHIC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA02
About •	paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Review of the Fixed Target Operation at RHIC in 2020

69

C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
As part of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) physics program, RHIC operated in Fixed Target mode at various beam energies in 2020. The fixed target experiment, achieved by scraping the beam halo of the circulating beam on a gold ring inserted in the beam pipe upstream of the experimental detectors, extends the range of the center-of-mass energy for BES. The machine configuration, control of rates, and results of the fixed target experiment operation in 2020 will be presented in this report.

Poster MOPAB009 [2.913 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB009

About •

paper received ※ 16 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 17 August 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB010

RHIC Beam Energy Scan Operation with Electron Cooling in 2020

72

C. Liu, P. Adams, E.N. Beebe, S. Binello, I. Blackler, M. Blaskiewicz, K.A. Brown, D. Bruno, B.D. Coe, K.A. Drees, A.V. Fedotov, W. Fischer, C.J. Gardner, C.E. Giorgio, X. Gu, T. Hayes, K. Hock, H. Huang, R.L. Hulsart, T. Kanesue, D. Kayran, N.A. Kling, B. Lepore, Y. Luo, D. Maffei, G.J. Marr, A. Marusic, K. Mernick, R.J. Michnoff, M.G. Minty, J. Morris, C. Naylor, S. Nemesure, M. Okamura, I. Pinayev, S. Polizzo, D. Raparia, G. Robert-Demolaize, T. Roser, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, S. Seletskiy, F. Severino, T.C. Shrey, P. Thieberger, M. Valette, A. Zaltsman, I. Zane, K. Zeno, W. Zhang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
RHIC provided Au-Au collisions at beam energies of 5.75 and 4.59 GeV/nucleon for the physics program in 2020 as a part of the Beam Energy Scan II experiment. The operational experience at these energies will be reported with emphasis on their unique features. These unique features include the addition of a third harmonic RF system to enable a large longitudinal acceptance at 5.75 GeV/nucleon, the application of additional lower frequency cavities for alleviating space charge effects, and the world-first operation of cooling with an RF-accelerated bunched electron beam.

Poster MOPAB010 [3.523 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB010

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 29 July 2021 issue date ※ 10 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB026

RHIC Delayed Abort Experiments

126

M. Valette, D. Bruno, K.A. Drees, K.M. Hartmann, G. Heppner, K. Mernick, C. Mi, J.-L. Mi, R.J. Michnoff, J. Morris, F. Orsatti, E. Rydout, T. Samms, J. Sandberg, V. Schoefer, C. Schultheiss, T.C. Shrey, C. Theisen
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
For RHIC to operate at its top energy (100 GeV/n) while protecting the future sPHENIX detector, spontaneous and asynchronous firing of abort kicker modules (pre-fires) have to be avoided. A new triggering circuit for the abort kickers was implemented with relatively slow mechanical relays in series with the standard fast thyratron tubes. The relays prevents unwanted pre-fires during operation, but comes at the expense of a long latency - about 7 milliseconds - between the removal of beam permit and the actual firing of the abort kickers. Protection considerations of RHIC’s superconducting magnets forbid delaying energy extraction from the main dipoles and quadrupoles for too long after a quench. The beam has thus to circulate in both RHIc rings for a few milliseconds as the current in dipole and quadrupole circuit is being extracted. We present the results of delayed abort experiments conducted in July 2018 with the analysis of fast orbit and tune measurements and discuss the safety implications of this implementation for future RHIC operation.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB026

About •

paper received ※ 19 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 26 May 2021 issue date ※ 23 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB358

Design and Measurement of the 1.4 GHz Cavity for LEReC Linac

1113

B.P. Xiao, J.C. Brutus, J.M. Fite, K. Hamdi, D. Holmes, K. Mernick, K.S. Smith, J.E. Tuozzolo, T. Xin, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Low Energy RHIC electron Cooler (LEReC) is the first electron cooler based on rf acceleration of electron bunches. To further improve RHIC luminosity for heavy ion beam energies below 10 GeV/nucleon, a normal conducting RF cavity at 1.4 GHz was designed and fabricated for the LINAC that will provide longer electron bunches for the LEReC. It is a single-cell cavity with an effective cavity length shorter than half of the 1.4 GHz wavelength. This cavity was fabricated and tested on-site at BNL to verify RF properties, i.e. the resonance frequency, FPC coupling strength, tuner system performance, and high power tests. In this paper, we report the RF test results for this cavity.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB358

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 24 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPAB359

Operational Experience and Redesign of the Tuner without Spring Fingers for the LEReC Warm Cavity

1116

B.P. Xiao, J.M. Brennan, J.C. Brutus, K. Mernick, S. Polizzo, S.K. Seberg, F. Severino, K.S. Smith, A. Zaltsman
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
A folded coaxial tuner without spring fingers was designed for the Low Energy RHIC electron Cooler (LEReC) 2.1 GHz warm cavity. During RHIC run 2019, this tuner was found to cause cavity trips via different failure modes. After analyzing these failure modes, a new straight coaxial tuner without spring fingers was proposed and was installed. We show the operational experience of the new tuner in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB359

About •

paper received ※ 17 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 25 June 2021 issue date ※ 29 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEXA02

Operational Electron Cooling in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

2516

A.V. Fedotov, K.A. Drees, W. Fischer, X. Gu, D. Kayran, J. Kewisch, C. Liu, K. Mernick, M.G. Minty, V. Schoefer, H. Zhao
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Since the invention of the electron cooling technique its application to cool hadron beams in colliders was considered for numerous accelerator physics projects worldwide. However, achieving the required high-brightness electron beams of required quality and cooling of ion beams in collisions was deemed to be challenging. An electron cooling of ion beams employing a high-energy approach with RF-accelerated electron bunches was recently successfully implemented at BNL. It was used to cool ion beams in both collider rings with ion beams in collision. Electron cooling in RHIC became fully operational during the 2020 physics run and led to substantial improvements in luminosity. This presentation will discuss implementation, optimization and challenges of electron cooling for colliding ion beams in RHIC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA02

About •

paper received ※ 18 May 2021 paper accepted ※ 15 June 2021 issue date ※ 31 August 2021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)