Author: Cerutti, F.
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MOPAB012 Energy Deposition Study of the CERN HL-LHC Optics v1.5 in the ATLAS and CMS Insertions 76
 
  • M. Sabaté-Gilarte, F. Cerutti
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project
The High Lu­mi­nos­ity Large Hadron Col­lider (HL-LHC) is the ap­proved CERN pro­ject aim­ing at fur­ther in­creas­ing the in­te­grated lu­mi­nos­ity of the LHC by a fac­tor 10. As such, it im­plies a com­plete re­design of the ex­per­i­men­tal high-lu­mi­nos­ity in­ser­tions of ATLAS and CMS. The pro­gres­sive evo­lu­tion of the new lay­out and op­tics re­quires a con­tin­u­ous analy­sis of the ra­di­a­tion en­vi­ron­ment, to which mag­nets and other equip­ment are ex­posed to. This is as­sured by means of Monte Carlo sim­u­la­tions of the col­li­sion de­bris on the evolv­ing ma­chine model. The lat­ter fea­tured sev­eral de­vel­op­ments, such as the ex­plicit in­clu­sion of the cold pro­tec­tion diodes of the final fo­cus­ing cir­cuits as well as the crab cav­i­ties cry­omod­ule. This work pre­sents the most up­dated char­ac­ter­i­za­tion of the ra­di­a­tion field with FLUKA and its im­pact in the in­ser­tion re­gion and the dis­per­sion sup­pres­sor of Point 1 and 5, for the HL-LHC op­tics v1.5 re­leased in 2019. Var­i­ous op­ti­miza­tion and mit­i­ga­tion stud­ies are high­lighted, pro­vid­ing key in­for­ma­tion for max­i­miz­ing the life­time of new and pre­sent mag­nets. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB012  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 25 May 2021       issue date ※ 21 August 2021  
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MOPAB013 Radiation to Electronics Impact on CERN LHC Operation: Run 2 Overview and HL-LHC Outlook 80
 
  • Y.Q. Aguiar, A. Apollonio, F. Cerutti, S. Danzeca, R. García Alía, G. Lerner, D. Prelipcean, M. Sabaté-Gilarte
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project
After the mit­i­ga­tion mea­sures im­ple­mented dur­ing Run 1 (2010-2012) and Long Shut­down 1 (LS1, 2013-2014), the num­ber of equip­ment fail­ures due to ra­di­a­tion ef­fects on elec­tron­ics (R2E) lead­ing to LHC beam dumps and/or ma­chine down­time has been suf­fi­ciently low as to yield a minor im­pact on the ac­cel­er­a­tor per­for­mance. Dur­ing Run 2 (2015-2018) the R2E re­lated fail­ures per unit of in­te­grated lu­mi­nos­ity re­mained below the tar­get value of 0.5 events/fb-1, with the sole ex­cep­tion of the 2015 run dur­ing which the ma­chine com­mis­sion­ing took place. How­ever, dur­ing 2018, an in­crease in the fail­ure rate was ob­served, linked to the in­creased ra­di­a­tion lev­els in the dis­per­sion sup­pres­sors of the ATLAS and CMS ex­per­i­men­tal in­ser­tions, sig­nif­i­cantly af­fect­ing the Quench Pro­tec­tion Sys­tem lo­cated un­der­neath the su­per­con­duct­ing mag­nets in the tun­nel. This work pro­vides an overview of the Run 2 R2E events dur­ing LHC pro­ton-pro­ton op­er­a­tion, putting them in the con­text of the re­lated ra­di­a­tion lev­els and equip­ment sen­si­tiv­ity, and pro­vid­ing an out­look for Run 3 and HL-LHC op­er­a­tion. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-MOPAB013  
About • paper received ※ 19 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 23 July 2021       issue date ※ 23 August 2021  
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WEXA06 Study of Pb-Pb and Pb-p Collision Debris in the CERN LHC in View of HL-LHC Operation 2528
 
  • M. Sabaté-Gilarte, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Lechner
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: Research supported by the HL-LHC project
For the first time, a full char­ac­ter­i­za­tion of the Pb-Pb and Pb-p col­li­sion de­bris as well as its im­pact in terms of en­ergy de­po­si­tion in the long straight sec­tion (LSS) of CERN’s Large Hadron Col­lider has been car­ried out. By means of Monte Carlo sim­u­la­tions with FLUKA, both in­elas­tic nu­clear in­ter­ac­tion and elec­tro­mag­netic dis­so­ci­a­tion were taken into ac­count as source term for lead ion op­er­a­tion, while for Pb-p op­er­a­tion only nu­clear in­ter­ac­tion is of im­por­tance. The ra­di­a­tion ex­po­sure of de­tec­tors ex­clu­sively des­tined for ion beam runs is as­sessed, al­low­ing draw­ing im­pli­ca­tions of their use. This work gave the op­por­tu­nity for an un­prece­dented val­i­da­tion of sim­u­la­tion re­sults against mea­sure­ment of beam loss mon­i­tors (BLM) in the ex­per­i­men­tal LSS dur­ing ion op­er­a­tion. Pb-Pb op­er­a­tion refers to the 2018 ion run at 6.37 TeV per charge with a +160 mi­cro­rad half cross­ing angle in the ver­ti­cal plane at the ATLAS in­ter­ac­tion point. In­stead, Pb-p op­er­a­tion was bench­marked for the 2016 ion run at 6.5 TeV per charge with -140 mi­cro­rad half cross­ing angle in the ver­ti­cal plane at the same lo­ca­tion. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXA06  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 05 July 2021       issue date ※ 22 August 2021  
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WEXB07 Transverse Beam Profile Measurements from Extraction Losses in the PS 2548
 
  • J.R. Hunt, F. Cerutti, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, A. Huschauer, G. Russo
    CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  • G. Russo
    Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  
  Dur­ing Multi-Turn Ex­trac­tion (MTE) of con­tin­u­ous beams in the Pro­ton Syn­chro­tron (PS) at CERN, losses are gen­er­ated on the blade of both the ac­tive and non-ac­tive sep­tum dur­ing the rise time of the ex­trac­tion kick­ers. Util­is­ing pCVD Di­a­mond de­tec­tors, sec­ondary sig­nal gen­er­ated from these losses is mea­sured. The high time res­o­lu­tion of these de­vices al­lows for in­sight into the de­tail of the hor­i­zon­tal beam dis­tri­b­u­tion dur­ing ex­trac­tion, and hence use­ful in­for­ma­tion such as the hor­i­zon­tal beam emit­tance may be com­puted. In this con­tri­bu­tion, FLUKA sim­u­la­tions to re­late the de­tec­tor re­sponse to the beam im­pact con­di­tions on the blades of the two septa are pre­sented. The de­pen­dence on the beam angle, mag­netic fringe field, and po­si­tion­ing of the de­tec­tor is ex­plored. Fi­nally, re­al­is­tic beam dis­tri­b­u­tions are used to de­ter­mine ex­pected sig­nal pro­files at each sep­tum.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEXB07  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 20 July 2021       issue date ※ 27 August 2021  
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WEPAB025 Collimation Strategies for Secondary Beams in FCC-hh Ion-Ion Operation 2652
 
  • J.R. Hunt, R. Bruce, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, J. Guardia, J. Molson
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  The tar­get peak lu­mi­nos­ity of the CERN FCC-hh dur­ing Pb-Pb col­li­sions is more than a fac­tor of 50 greater than that achieved by the LHC in 2018. As a re­sult, the in­ten­sity of sec­ondary beams pro­duced in col­li­sions at the in­ter­ac­tion points will be sig­nif­i­cantly higher than pre­vi­ously ex­pe­ri­enced. With up to 72 kW de­posited in a lo­calised re­gion by a sin­gle sec­ondary beam type, namely the one orig­i­nated by Bound Free Pair Pro­duc­tion (BFPP), it is es­sen­tial to de­velop strate­gies to safely in­ter­cept these beams, in­clud­ing the ones from Elec­tro­Mag­netic Dis­so­ci­a­tion (EMD), in order to en­sure suc­cess­ful FCC-hh Pb-Pb op­er­a­tion. A se­ries of beam track­ing and en­ergy de­po­si­tion sim­u­la­tions were per­formed to de­ter­mine the op­ti­mal so­lu­tion for han­dling the im­pact of such beams. In this con­tri­bu­tion the most ad­vanced re­sults are pre­sented, with a dis­cus­sion of dif­fer­ent op­tions.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB025  
About • paper received ※ 18 May 2021       paper accepted ※ 02 July 2021       issue date ※ 18 August 2021  
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