LAL, Orsay, France
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Ultra-High Vacuum is an essential requirement to reach design performances in high-energy particle colliders. For the future HL-LHC or FCC study, the understanding of the beam interactions with the vacuum chamber is fundamental to provide solutions to mitigate the pressure rises induced by electronic, photonic and ionic molecular desorption. Studies were performed on the ions, produced by molecular ionization generated by the proton beam and the electron cloud, and stimulating molecular desorption by the surface bombardment. In-situ measurements were carried out, on the LHC Vacuum Pilot Sector (VPS)*, to monitor the dynamic pressure, and to collect the electrical signals due to the electron cloud and to the ions interacting with the vacuum chamber walls. Experimental measurements of electrical signals recorded by copper electrodes were compared to calculations taking into account both the Secondary Electron Yield of copper and electron energy distribution. Finally, it seems that copper electrodes were not fully conditioned and an ion current could be estimated.
* THE LHC VACUUM PILOT-SECTOR PROJECT
B. Henrist, V. Baglin, G. Bregliozzi, and P. Chiggiato, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Proceedings of IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany.
LAL, Orsay, France
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
* A. Rossi, Tech. Rep., LHC Proj. Note 341
** I. Aichinger, et al arXiv:1707.07525
*** T. Demma et al Phys. Rev. Acceler. and Beams 10, 114401 (2007)
**** B. Henrist et al, Proc. IPAC2014, Dresden
LAL, Orsay, France
ICMMO, Orsay, France
Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized mechanical engineering by allowing the quick production of mechanical components with complex shapes. AM by selective laser melting (SLM) is an advanced manufacturing process which uses lasers to melt metal powders one layer at a time to produce final 3D components. This technology could be also used to make Ultra High Vacuum components. Therefore, we investigated in this work the reproducibility of AM 316L stainless steel properties for different specimen supplied by several manufacturers with the same SLM process. Clearly, the microstructure and therefore the mechanical properties of the investigated AM samples are different as a function of manufacturers: indeed, they are largely influenced by processing parameters, which produces heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures that differ from traditional wrought counterparts. Samples were also submitted to bake cycles at high temperature, in order to check the structural stability of material properties after heat treatments. The outgassing rates and the secondary emission yield of vacuum components constructed from AM 316L were also measured. Finally, the possibility to use AM for accelerator beam pipes will be discussed.
