IPAC2019 - List of Authors (Mereghetti, A.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPRB048	Collimation System Studies for the FCC-hh	669
	R. Bruce, A. Abramov, A. Bertarelli, M.I. Besana, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, M. Fiascaris, G. Gobbi, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, J. Molson, M. Pasquali, S. Redaelli, D. Schulte, E. Skordis, M. Varasteh Anvar CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland A. Abramov JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France M. Serluca IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
	The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) is being designed as a 100 km ring that should collide 50 TeV proton beams. At 8.3 GJ, its stored beam energy will be a factor 28 higher than what has been achieved in the Large Hadron Collider, which has the highest stored beam energy among the colliders built so far. This puts unprecedented demands on the control of beam losses and collimation, since even a tiny beam loss risks quenching superconducting magnets. We present in this article the design of the FCC-hh collimation system and study the beam cleaning through simulations of tracking, energy deposition, and thermo-mechanical response. We investigate the collimation performance for design beam loss scenarios and potential bottlenecks are highlighted.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB048
About •	paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPRB049	Study of Beam-Gas Interactions at the LHC for the Physics Beyond Colliders Fixed-Target Study	673
	C. Boscolo Meneguolo, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, M. Ferro-Luzzi, M. Giovannozzi, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Abramov JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
	Among several working groups formed in the framework of Physics Beyond Colliders study, launched at CERN in September 2016, there is one investigating specific fixed-target experiment proposals. Of particular interest is the study of high-density unpolarized or polarized gas target to be installed in the LHCb detector, using storage cells to enhance the target density. This work studies the impact of the interactions of 7 TeV proton beams with such gas targets on the LHC machine in terms of particle losses.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB049
About •	paper received ※ 17 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB050	Performance of the Collimation System During the 2018 Lead Ion Run at the Large Hadron Collider	677
	N. Fuster-Martínez, R. Bruce, J.M. Jowett, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy-ion research programme, the last month of the 2018 LHC run was dedicated to Pb ion physics. Several heavy-ion runs have been performed since the start-up of the LHC. These runs are challenging for collimation, despite lower intensities, because of the degraded cleaning observed compared to protons. This is due to the differences of the interaction mechanisms in the collimators. Ions experience fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that result in a substantial flux of off-rigidity particles that escape the collimation system. In this paper, the collimation system performance and the experience gained during the 2018 Pb ion run are presented. The measured performance is compared with the expectation from the Sixtrack-FLUKA coupling simulations and the agreement discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB050
About •	paper received ※ 07 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB051	Collimation System Upgrades for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Expected Cleaning Performance in Run 3	681
	A. Mereghetti, R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In the framework of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project (HL-LHC), the LHC collimation system needs important upgrades to cope with the foreseen brighter beams. New collimation hardware will be installed in two phases, the first one during the LHC second Long Shutdown (LS2), in 2019-20, followed by a second phase starting in 2024 (LS3). This paper reviews the collimation upgrade plans for LS2, focused on a first impedance reduction of the system, through the installation of collimators based on new materials, and the improvement of collimation cleaning, achieved by adding new collimators in the cold dispersion suppressor regions. The performance of the new system in terms of cleaning inefficiency for proton and lead ion beams is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB051
About •	paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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MOPRB059	Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams in the HE-LHC	704
SUSPFO111	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom R. Bruce, M.P. Crouch, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	A design study for a future collider to be built in the LHC tunnel, the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), has been launched as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN. It would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV as well as collisions of heavy ions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity. HE-LHC is being designed under the stringent constraint of using the existing tunnel and therefore the resulting lattice and optics differ in layout and phase advance from the LHC. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of the collimation system for ion beams in HE-LHC in addition to proton beams. In the case of ion beams, the fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that relativistic heavy ions can undergo in collimators, as well as the unprecedented energy per nucleon of the HE-LHC, requires dedicated simulations. Results from a study of collimation efficiency for the nominal lead ion (Pb-82-208) beams performed with the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling framework are presented. These include loss maps with comparison against an estimated quench limit as well as detailed considerations of loss spikes in the superconducting aperture for critical sections of the machine such as the dispersion suppressors.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB059
About •	paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEYYPLM2	The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC	2258
	J.M. Jowett, C. Bahamonde Castro, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J.M. Coello de Portugal, J. Dilly, S.D. Fartoukh, E. Fol, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Garcia-Tabares, M. Hofer, E.B. Holzer, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keintzel, A. Lechner, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, T. Medvedeva, A. Mereghetti, T.H.B. Persson, B.Aa. Petersen, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Schaumann, C. Schwick, M. Solfaroli, M.L. Spitznagel, H. Timko, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Mirarchi The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
	The fourth one-month Pb-Pb collision run brought LHC Run 2 to an end in December 2018. Following the tendency to reduce dependence on the configuration of the preceding proton run, a completely new optics cycle with the strongest ever focussing at the ALICE and LHCb experiments was designed and rapidly implemented, demonstrating the maturity of the collider’s operating modes. Beam-loss monitor thresholds were carefully adjusted to provide optimal protection from the multiple loss mechanisms in heavy-ion operation. A switch from a basic bunch-spacing of 100 ns to 75 ns was made as the beam became available from the injector chain. A new record luminosity, 6 times the original design and close to the operating value proposed for HL-LHC, provided validation of the strategy for mitigating quenches due to bound-free pair production (BFPP) at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Most of the beam parameters of the HL-LHC Pb-Pb upgrade were attained during this run and the integrated luminosity goals for the first 10 years of LHC operation were substantially exceeded.
	Slides WEYYPLM2 [10.884 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEYYPLM2
About •	paper received ※ 08 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP031	SPS Slow Extraction Losses and Activation: Update on Recent Improvements	2391
	M.A. Fraser, B. Balhan, H. Bartosik, J. Bernhard, C. Bertone, D. Björkman, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, Y. Dutheil, L.S. Esposito, R. Garcia Alia, L. Gatignon, C.M. Genton, B. Goddard, C. Heßler, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, A. Mereghetti, M. Pari, M. Patecki, J. Prieto, S. Redaelli, F. Roncarolo, R. Rossi, W. Scandale, N. Solieri, J. Spanggaard, O. Stein, L.S. Stoel, F.M. Velotti, H. Vincke CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Barna, K. Brunner Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
	Annual high intensity requests of over 10¹⁹ protons on target (POT) from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Fixed Target (FT) physics program continue, with the prospect of requests for even higher, unprecedented levels in the coming decade. A concerted and multifaceted R&D effort has been launched to understand and reduce the slow extraction induced radioactivation of the SPS and to anticipate future experimental proposals, such as SHiP* at the SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF)*, which will request an additional 4·10¹⁹ POT per year. In this contribution, we report on operational improvements and recent advances that have been made to significantly reduce the slow extraction losses, by up to a factor of 3, with the deployment of new extraction concepts, including passive and active (thin, bent crystal) diffusers and extraction on the third-integer resonance with octupoles. In light of the successful tests of the prototype extraction loss reduction schemes, an outlook and implications for future SPS FT operation will be presented. A. Golutvin et al., Rep. CERN-SPSC-2015-016 (SPSC-P-350), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Apr. 2015. ** M. Lamont et al., Rep. CERN-PBC-REPORT-2018-001, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 11 Dec 2018.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP031
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPTS043	SixTrack Version 5: Status and New Developments	3200
	R. De Maria, J. Andersson, L. Field, M. Giovannozzi, P.D. Hermes, N. Hoimyr, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, E.H. Maclean, E. McIntosh, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, V.K.B. Olsen, D. Pellegrini, T. Persson, M. Schwinzerl CERN, Geneva, Switzerland B. Dalena, T. Pugnat CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway I. Zacharov EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	SixTrack Version 5 is a major SixTrack release that introduces new features, with improved integration of the existing ones, and extensive code restructuring. New features include dynamic-memory management, scattering-routine integration, a new initial-condition module, and reviewed post-processing methods. Existing features like on-line aperture checking and Fluka-coupling are now enabled by default. Extensive performance regression tests have been developed and deployed as part of the new-release generation. The new features of the tracking environment developed for the massive numerical simulations will be discussed as well.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS043
About •	paper received ※ 17 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Collimation System Studies for the FCC-hh

669

R. Bruce, A. Abramov, A. Bertarelli, M.I. Besana, F. Carra, F. Cerutti, M. Fiascaris, G. Gobbi, A.M. Krainer, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, J. Molson, M. Pasquali, S. Redaelli, D. Schulte, E. Skordis, M. Varasteh Anvar
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
A. Abramov
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France
M. Serluca
IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy-le-Vieux, France

The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) is being designed as a 100 km ring that should collide 50 TeV proton beams. At 8.3 GJ, its stored beam energy will be a factor 28 higher than what has been achieved in the Large Hadron Collider, which has the highest stored beam energy among the colliders built so far. This puts unprecedented demands on the control of beam losses and collimation, since even a tiny beam loss risks quenching superconducting magnets. We present in this article the design of the FCC-hh collimation system and study the beam cleaning through simulations of tracking, energy deposition, and thermo-mechanical response. We investigate the collimation performance for design beam loss scenarios and potential bottlenecks are highlighted.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB048

About •

paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPRB049

Study of Beam-Gas Interactions at the LHC for the Physics Beyond Colliders Fixed-Target Study

673

C. Boscolo Meneguolo, R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, M. Ferro-Luzzi, M. Giovannozzi, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Abramov
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom

Among several working groups formed in the framework of Physics Beyond Colliders study, launched at CERN in September 2016, there is one investigating specific fixed-target experiment proposals. Of particular interest is the study of high-density unpolarized or polarized gas target to be installed in the LHCb detector, using storage cells to enhance the target density. This work studies the impact of the interactions of 7 TeV proton beams with such gas targets on the LHC machine in terms of particle losses.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB049

About •

paper received ※ 17 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPRB050

Performance of the Collimation System During the 2018 Lead Ion Run at the Large Hadron Collider

677

N. Fuster-Martínez, R. Bruce, J.M. Jowett, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

As part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy-ion research programme, the last month of the 2018 LHC run was dedicated to Pb ion physics. Several heavy-ion runs have been performed since the start-up of the LHC. These runs are challenging for collimation, despite lower intensities, because of the degraded cleaning observed compared to protons. This is due to the differences of the interaction mechanisms in the collimators. Ions experience fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that result in a substantial flux of off-rigidity particles that escape the collimation system. In this paper, the collimation system performance and the experience gained during the 2018 Pb ion run are presented. The measured performance is compared with the expectation from the Sixtrack-FLUKA coupling simulations and the agreement discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB050

About •

paper received ※ 07 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 19 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOPRB051

Collimation System Upgrades for the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Expected Cleaning Performance in Run 3

681

A. Mereghetti, R. Bruce, N. Fuster-Martínez, D. Mirarchi, S. Redaelli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In the framework of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project (HL-LHC), the LHC collimation system needs important upgrades to cope with the foreseen brighter beams. New collimation hardware will be installed in two phases, the first one during the LHC second Long Shutdown (LS2), in 2019-20, followed by a second phase starting in 2024 (LS3). This paper reviews the collimation upgrade plans for LS2, focused on a first impedance reduction of the system, through the installation of collimators based on new materials, and the improvement of collimation cleaning, achieved by adding new collimators in the cold dispersion suppressor regions. The performance of the new system in terms of cleaning inefficiency for proton and lead ion beams is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB051

About •

paper received ※ 06 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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MOPRB059

Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams in the HE-LHC

704

SUSPFO111

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

A. Abramov, L.J. Nevay
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, M.P. Crouch, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, S. Redaelli
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

A design study for a future collider to be built in the LHC tunnel, the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), has been launched as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN. It would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV as well as collisions of heavy ions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity. HE-LHC is being designed under the stringent constraint of using the existing tunnel and therefore the resulting lattice and optics differ in layout and phase advance from the LHC. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of the collimation system for ion beams in HE-LHC in addition to proton beams. In the case of ion beams, the fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that relativistic heavy ions can undergo in collimators, as well as the unprecedented energy per nucleon of the HE-LHC, requires dedicated simulations. Results from a study of collimation efficiency for the nominal lead ion (Pb-82-208) beams performed with the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling framework are presented. These include loss maps with comparison against an estimated quench limit as well as detailed considerations of loss spikes in the superconducting aperture for critical sections of the machine such as the dispersion suppressors.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB059

About •

paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEYYPLM2

The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC

2258

J.M. Jowett, C. Bahamonde Castro, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J.M. Coello de Portugal, J. Dilly, S.D. Fartoukh, E. Fol, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Garcia-Tabares, M. Hofer, E.B. Holzer, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keintzel, A. Lechner, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, T. Medvedeva, A. Mereghetti, T.H.B. Persson, B.Aa. Petersen, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Schaumann, C. Schwick, M. Solfaroli, M.L. Spitznagel, H. Timko, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Mirarchi
The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom

The fourth one-month Pb-Pb collision run brought LHC Run 2 to an end in December 2018. Following the tendency to reduce dependence on the configuration of the preceding proton run, a completely new optics cycle with the strongest ever focussing at the ALICE and LHCb experiments was designed and rapidly implemented, demonstrating the maturity of the collider’s operating modes. Beam-loss monitor thresholds were carefully adjusted to provide optimal protection from the multiple loss mechanisms in heavy-ion operation. A switch from a basic bunch-spacing of 100 ns to 75 ns was made as the beam became available from the injector chain. A new record luminosity, 6 times the original design and close to the operating value proposed for HL-LHC, provided validation of the strategy for mitigating quenches due to bound-free pair production (BFPP) at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Most of the beam parameters of the HL-LHC Pb-Pb upgrade were attained during this run and the integrated luminosity goals for the first 10 years of LHC operation were substantially exceeded.

Slides WEYYPLM2 [10.884 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEYYPLM2

About •

paper received ※ 08 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPMP031

SPS Slow Extraction Losses and Activation: Update on Recent Improvements

2391

M.A. Fraser, B. Balhan, H. Bartosik, J. Bernhard, C. Bertone, D. Björkman, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, M. Brugger, N. Charitonidis, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, Y. Dutheil, L.S. Esposito, R. Garcia Alia, L. Gatignon, C.M. Genton, B. Goddard, C. Heßler, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, A. Mereghetti, M. Pari, M. Patecki, J. Prieto, S. Redaelli, F. Roncarolo, R. Rossi, W. Scandale, N. Solieri, J. Spanggaard, O. Stein, L.S. Stoel, F.M. Velotti, H. Vincke
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Barna, K. Brunner
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary

Annual high intensity requests of over 10¹⁹ protons on target (POT) from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) Fixed Target (FT) physics program continue, with the prospect of requests for even higher, unprecedented levels in the coming decade. A concerted and multifaceted R&D effort has been launched to understand and reduce the slow extraction induced radioactivation of the SPS and to anticipate future experimental proposals, such as SHiP* at the SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF)**, which will request an additional 4·10¹⁹ POT per year. In this contribution, we report on operational improvements and recent advances that have been made to significantly reduce the slow extraction losses, by up to a factor of 3, with the deployment of new extraction concepts, including passive and active (thin, bent crystal) diffusers and extraction on the third-integer resonance with octupoles. In light of the successful tests of the prototype extraction loss reduction schemes, an outlook and implications for future SPS FT operation will be presented.
* A. Golutvin et al., Rep. CERN-SPSC-2015-016 (SPSC-P-350), CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Apr. 2015.
** M. Lamont et al., Rep. CERN-PBC-REPORT-2018-001, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 11 Dec 2018.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP031

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paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPTS043

SixTrack Version 5: Status and New Developments

3200

R. De Maria, J. Andersson, L. Field, M. Giovannozzi, P.D. Hermes, N. Hoimyr, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, E.H. Maclean, E. McIntosh, A. Mereghetti, J. Molson, V.K.B. Olsen, D. Pellegrini, T. Persson, M. Schwinzerl
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
B. Dalena, T. Pugnat
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
I. Zacharov
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

SixTrack Version 5 is a major SixTrack release that introduces new features, with improved integration of the existing ones, and extensive code restructuring. New features include dynamic-memory management, scattering-routine integration, a new initial-condition module, and reviewed post-processing methods. Existing features like on-line aperture checking and Fluka-coupling are now enabled by default. Extensive performance regression tests have been developed and deployed as part of the new-release generation. The new features of the tracking environment developed for the massive numerical simulations will be discussed as well.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS043

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paper received ※ 17 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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