IPAC2019 - List of Authors (Bracco, C.)

Paper	Title	Page
WEYYPLM2	The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC	2258
	J.M. Jowett, C. Bahamonde Castro, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J.M. Coello de Portugal, J. Dilly, S.D. Fartoukh, E. Fol, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Garcia-Tabares, M. Hofer, E.B. Holzer, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keintzel, A. Lechner, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, T. Medvedeva, A. Mereghetti, T.H.B. Persson, B.Aa. Petersen, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Schaumann, C. Schwick, M. Solfaroli, M.L. Spitznagel, H. Timko, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Mirarchi The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
	The fourth one-month Pb-Pb collision run brought LHC Run 2 to an end in December 2018. Following the tendency to reduce dependence on the configuration of the preceding proton run, a completely new optics cycle with the strongest ever focussing at the ALICE and LHCb experiments was designed and rapidly implemented, demonstrating the maturity of the collider’s operating modes. Beam-loss monitor thresholds were carefully adjusted to provide optimal protection from the multiple loss mechanisms in heavy-ion operation. A switch from a basic bunch-spacing of 100 ns to 75 ns was made as the beam became available from the injector chain. A new record luminosity, 6 times the original design and close to the operating value proposed for HL-LHC, provided validation of the strategy for mitigating quenches due to bound-free pair production (BFPP) at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Most of the beam parameters of the HL-LHC Pb-Pb upgrade were attained during this run and the integrated luminosity goals for the first 10 years of LHC operation were substantially exceeded.
	Slides WEYYPLM2 [10.884 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEYYPLM2
About •	paper received ※ 08 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP029	Systematic Optics Studies for the Commissioning of the AWAKE Beamline	2383
	C. Bracco, B. Goddard, I. Gorgisyan, M. Turner, F.M. Velotti, L. Verra CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland M. Aiba PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The commissioning of the AWAKE electron beam line was successfully completed in 2018. Despite a modest length of about 15 m, this low-energy line is quite complex and several iterations were needed before finding satisfactory agreement between the model and the measurements. The work allowed to precisely predict the size and positioning of the electron beam at the merging point with the protons inside the plasma cell, where no direct measurement is possible. All the key aspects and corrections which had to be included in the model, precautions and systematic checks to apply for the correct setup of the line are presented. The sensitivity of the ~18 MeV electron beam to various perturbations, like different initial optics parameters and beam conditions, energy jitter and drifts, earth’s magnetic field etc., is described.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP029
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP030	LHC Injection Losses and Trajectories During Run 1 and 2 and Outlook to Injection of HL-LHC Beams	2387
	W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.M. Velotti, J. Wenninger CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The LHC turn-around time is impacted by the control of injection losses and trajectories. While shot-to-shot trajectory variations dominated the injection efficiency during LHC Run 1, several improvements of hardware and operational settings allowed for a high rate of successful injections during Run 2. Injection losses and trajectories are analysed and presented for the high intensity proton runs, as well as for different beam types used from the injectors. Based on this analysis, an outlook is shown for the HL-LHC era, where double the bunch intensity will have to be injected.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP030
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP039	The New Injection Region of the CERN PS Booster	2414
	W.J.M. Weterings, C. Bracco, L.O. Jorat, M. Meddahi, R. Noulibos, P. Van Trappen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN, the new Linac4 (L4) accelerator will be connected to the PS Booster (PSB) to inject 160 MeV H⁻ beam into the 4 superposed PSB rings. In order to achieve this, we have designed, built and pre-assembled a completely new H⁻ charge-exchange injection chicane system, with a carbon stripping foil unit to convert the negative hydrogen ions into protons by stripping off the electrons. In parallel, we have built and installed a test stand in the L4 transfer line enabling us to gain valuable experience with operation of the stripping foil system and to evaluate different foil types during the L4 reliability runs. This paper describes the final design of the new PSB injection region and reports on the important test results obtained with the stripping foil test stand.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP039
About •	paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPMP040	Machine Protection Aspects of High-Voltage Flashovers of the LHC Beam Dump Dilution Kickers	2418
	C. Wiesner, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, M. Calviani, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, M.I. Frankl, M.A. Fraser, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, V. Gomes Namora, T. Kramer, A. Lechner, N. Magnin, M. Meddahi, A. Perillo-Marcone, T. Polzin, L.C. Richtmann, V. Rizzoglio, V. Senaj, J.A.F. Somoza, D. Wollmann CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The LHC Beam Dump System is required to safely dispose of the energy of the stored beam. In order to reduce the energy density deposited in the beam dump, a dedicated dilution system is installed. On July 14, 2018, during a regular beam dump at 6.5 TeV beam energy, a high-voltage flashover of two vertical dilution kickers was observed, leading to a voltage breakdown and reduced dilution in the vertical plane. It was the first incident of this type since the start of LHC beam operation. In this paper, the flashover event is described and the implications analysed. Circuit simulations of the current in the magnet coil as well as simulations of the resulting beam sweep pattern are presented and compared with the measurements. The criticality of the event is assessed and implications for future failure scenarios are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP040
About •	paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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WEPTS052	Electron Cloud Build-Up Simulations in the Two-Beam Common Chamber of the HL-LHC TDIS With Nonuniform Surface Properties	3236
	G. Skripka, C. Bracco, G. Iadarola, A. Perillo-Marcone CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The segmented injection protection absorber (TDIS) foreseen for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project is designed to protect the machine in case of injection kicker malfunctioning. Since the current LHC injection protection absorber has suffered from vacuum issues possibly induced by electron multipacting, numerical studies were done to estimate the electron flux expected on the internal surfaces of the TDIS. This device will consist of three pairs of movable absorbing blocks above and below one beam and a beam screen surrounding the second circulating beam. The build-up of electron cloud in the TDIS was simulated accounting for the presence of two counter-rotating beams, for the configuration of the jaws and for the different materials used for the different surfaces in the device. The simulation studies have also investigated the possibility of coating the most critical surfaces with amorphous carbon in order to mitigate the multipacting.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS052
About •	paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPRB031	Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era	3875
	M. Zerlauth, A. Antoine, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, Z. Charifoulline, R. Denz, B. Goddard, A. Lechner, N. Magnin, C. Martin, R. Mompo, S. Redaelli, I. Romera, B. Salvachua, R. Schmidt, J.A. Uythoven, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann, C. Zamantzas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully completed its second operational run of four years length in December 2018. Operation will be stopped during two years for maintenance and upgrades. To allow for the successful completion of the diverse physics program at 6.5 TeV, the LHC has been routinely operating with stored beam energies close to 300 MJ per beam during high intensity proton runs as well as being frequently reconfigured to allow for special physic runs and important machine developments. No significant damage has incurred to the protected accelerator equipment throughout the run thanks to the excellent performance of the various machine protection systems, however a number of important observations and new failure scenarios have been identified, which were studied experimentally as well as through detailed simulations. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the performance of the machine protection systems throughout Run 2 as well as the important lessons learnt that will impact consolidation actions and the upgrade of the machine protection systems for the LIU/HL-LHC era.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB031
About •	paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
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THPRB072	Operational Experience of a Prototype LHC Injection Kicker Magnet with a Low SEY Coating and Redistributed Power Deposition	3974
	M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, G. Bregliozzi, A. Chmielinska, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, G. Iadarola, T. Kramer, V. Vlachodimitropoulos, W.J.M. Weterings CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Chmielinska EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland L. Vega Cid ETSII UPM, Madrid, Spain
	Funding: This research was supported by the HL-LHC project In the event that it is necessary to exchange an LHC injection kicker magnet (MKI), the newly installed kicker magnet would limit HL-LHC operation for a few hundred hours due to dynamic vacuum activity. A surface coating with a low secondary electron yield, applied to the inner surface of an alumina tube to reduce dynamic vacuum activity without increasing the probability of UFOs, and which is compatible with the high voltage environment, was included in a prototype MKI installed in the LHC during the 2017-18 Year End Technical Stop. In addition, this MKI included an upgrade to relocate a significant portion of beam induced power from the yoke to a ’damping element’: this element is not at pulsed high voltage. The effectiveness of the upgrades has been demonstrated during LHC operation, hence a future version will include water cooling of this ’damping element’. This paper reviews dynamic vacuum around the MKIs and summarizes operational experience of the upgraded MKI.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB072
About •	paper received ※ 08 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

The 2018 Heavy-Ion Run of the LHC

2258

J.M. Jowett, C. Bahamonde Castro, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, R. Bruce, J.M. Coello de Portugal, J. Dilly, S.D. Fartoukh, E. Fol, N. Fuster-Martínez, A. Garcia-Tabares, M. Hofer, E.B. Holzer, M.A. Jebramcik, J. Keintzel, A. Lechner, E.H. Maclean, L. Malina, T. Medvedeva, A. Mereghetti, T.H.B. Persson, B.Aa. Petersen, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, M. Schaumann, C. Schwick, M. Solfaroli, M.L. Spitznagel, H. Timko, R. Tomás, A. Wegscheider, J. Wenninger, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Mirarchi
The University of Manchester, The Photon Science Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom

The fourth one-month Pb-Pb collision run brought LHC Run 2 to an end in December 2018. Following the tendency to reduce dependence on the configuration of the preceding proton run, a completely new optics cycle with the strongest ever focussing at the ALICE and LHCb experiments was designed and rapidly implemented, demonstrating the maturity of the collider’s operating modes. Beam-loss monitor thresholds were carefully adjusted to provide optimal protection from the multiple loss mechanisms in heavy-ion operation. A switch from a basic bunch-spacing of 100 ns to 75 ns was made as the beam became available from the injector chain. A new record luminosity, 6 times the original design and close to the operating value proposed for HL-LHC, provided validation of the strategy for mitigating quenches due to bound-free pair production (BFPP) at the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Most of the beam parameters of the HL-LHC Pb-Pb upgrade were attained during this run and the integrated luminosity goals for the first 10 years of LHC operation were substantially exceeded.

Slides WEYYPLM2 [10.884 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEYYPLM2

About •

paper received ※ 08 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPMP029

Systematic Optics Studies for the Commissioning of the AWAKE Beamline

2383

C. Bracco, B. Goddard, I. Gorgisyan, M. Turner, F.M. Velotti, L. Verra
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
M. Aiba
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The commissioning of the AWAKE electron beam line was successfully completed in 2018. Despite a modest length of about 15 m, this low-energy line is quite complex and several iterations were needed before finding satisfactory agreement between the model and the measurements. The work allowed to precisely predict the size and positioning of the electron beam at the merging point with the protons inside the plasma cell, where no direct measurement is possible. All the key aspects and corrections which had to be included in the model, precautions and systematic checks to apply for the correct setup of the line are presented. The sensitivity of the ~18 MeV electron beam to various perturbations, like different initial optics parameters and beam conditions, energy jitter and drifts, earth’s magnetic field etc., is described.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP029

About •

paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPMP030

LHC Injection Losses and Trajectories During Run 1 and 2 and Outlook to Injection of HL-LHC Beams

2387

W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, B. Goddard, F.M. Velotti, J. Wenninger
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The LHC turn-around time is impacted by the control of injection losses and trajectories. While shot-to-shot trajectory variations dominated the injection efficiency during LHC Run 1, several improvements of hardware and operational settings allowed for a high rate of successful injections during Run 2. Injection losses and trajectories are analysed and presented for the high intensity proton runs, as well as for different beam types used from the injectors. Based on this analysis, an outlook is shown for the HL-LHC era, where double the bunch intensity will have to be injected.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP030

About •

paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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WEPMP039

The New Injection Region of the CERN PS Booster

2414

W.J.M. Weterings, C. Bracco, L.O. Jorat, M. Meddahi, R. Noulibos, P. Van Trappen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) at CERN, the new Linac4 (L4) accelerator will be connected to the PS Booster (PSB) to inject 160 MeV H⁻ beam into the 4 superposed PSB rings. In order to achieve this, we have designed, built and pre-assembled a completely new H⁻ charge-exchange injection chicane system, with a carbon stripping foil unit to convert the negative hydrogen ions into protons by stripping off the electrons. In parallel, we have built and installed a test stand in the L4 transfer line enabling us to gain valuable experience with operation of the stripping foil system and to evaluate different foil types during the L4 reliability runs. This paper describes the final design of the new PSB injection region and reports on the important test results obtained with the stripping foil test stand.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP039

About •

paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPMP040

Machine Protection Aspects of High-Voltage Flashovers of the LHC Beam Dump Dilution Kickers

2418

C. Wiesner, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, M. Calviani, E. Carlier, L. Ducimetière, M.I. Frankl, M.A. Fraser, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, V. Gomes Namora, T. Kramer, A. Lechner, N. Magnin, M. Meddahi, A. Perillo-Marcone, T. Polzin, L.C. Richtmann, V. Rizzoglio, V. Senaj, J.A.F. Somoza, D. Wollmann
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The LHC Beam Dump System is required to safely dispose of the energy of the stored beam. In order to reduce the energy density deposited in the beam dump, a dedicated dilution system is installed. On July 14, 2018, during a regular beam dump at 6.5 TeV beam energy, a high-voltage flashover of two vertical dilution kickers was observed, leading to a voltage breakdown and reduced dilution in the vertical plane. It was the first incident of this type since the start of LHC beam operation. In this paper, the flashover event is described and the implications analysed. Circuit simulations of the current in the magnet coil as well as simulations of the resulting beam sweep pattern are presented and compared with the measurements. The criticality of the event is assessed and implications for future failure scenarios are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPMP040

About •

paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPTS052

Electron Cloud Build-Up Simulations in the Two-Beam Common Chamber of the HL-LHC TDIS With Nonuniform Surface Properties

3236

G. Skripka, C. Bracco, G. Iadarola, A. Perillo-Marcone
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The segmented injection protection absorber (TDIS) foreseen for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project is designed to protect the machine in case of injection kicker malfunctioning. Since the current LHC injection protection absorber has suffered from vacuum issues possibly induced by electron multipacting, numerical studies were done to estimate the electron flux expected on the internal surfaces of the TDIS. This device will consist of three pairs of movable absorbing blocks above and below one beam and a beam screen surrounding the second circulating beam. The build-up of electron cloud in the TDIS was simulated accounting for the presence of two counter-rotating beams, for the configuration of the jaws and for the different materials used for the different surfaces in the device. The simulation studies have also investigated the possibility of coating the most critical surfaces with amorphous carbon in order to mitigate the multipacting.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS052

About •

paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPRB031

Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era

3875

M. Zerlauth, A. Antoine, W. Bartmann, C. Bracco, E. Carlier, Z. Charifoulline, R. Denz, B. Goddard, A. Lechner, N. Magnin, C. Martin, R. Mompo, S. Redaelli, I. Romera, B. Salvachua, R. Schmidt, J.A. Uythoven, A.P. Verweij, J. Wenninger, C. Wiesner, D. Wollmann, C. Zamantzas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully completed its second operational run of four years length in December 2018. Operation will be stopped during two years for maintenance and upgrades. To allow for the successful completion of the diverse physics program at 6.5 TeV, the LHC has been routinely operating with stored beam energies close to 300 MJ per beam during high intensity proton runs as well as being frequently reconfigured to allow for special physic runs and important machine developments. No significant damage has incurred to the protected accelerator equipment throughout the run thanks to the excellent performance of the various machine protection systems, however a number of important observations and new failure scenarios have been identified, which were studied experimentally as well as through detailed simulations. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the performance of the machine protection systems throughout Run 2 as well as the important lessons learnt that will impact consolidation actions and the upgrade of the machine protection systems for the LIU/HL-LHC era.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB031

About •

paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPRB072

Operational Experience of a Prototype LHC Injection Kicker Magnet with a Low SEY Coating and Redistributed Power Deposition

3974

M.J. Barnes, C. Bracco, G. Bregliozzi, A. Chmielinska, L. Ducimetière, B. Goddard, G. Iadarola, T. Kramer, V. Vlachodimitropoulos, W.J.M. Weterings
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Chmielinska
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
L. Vega Cid
ETSII UPM, Madrid, Spain

Funding: This research was supported by the HL-LHC project
In the event that it is necessary to exchange an LHC injection kicker magnet (MKI), the newly installed kicker magnet would limit HL-LHC operation for a few hundred hours due to dynamic vacuum activity. A surface coating with a low secondary electron yield, applied to the inner surface of an alumina tube to reduce dynamic vacuum activity without increasing the probability of UFOs, and which is compatible with the high voltage environment, was included in a prototype MKI installed in the LHC during the 2017-18 Year End Technical Stop. In addition, this MKI included an upgrade to relocate a significant portion of beam induced power from the yoke to a ’damping element’: this element is not at pulsed high voltage. The effectiveness of the upgrades has been demonstrated during LHC operation, hence a future version will include water cooling of this ’damping element’. This paper reviews dynamic vacuum around the MKIs and summarizes operational experience of the upgraded MKI.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB072

About •

paper received ※ 08 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)