IPAC2017 - List of Authors (Barlow, R.J.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPAB013	Recent Development and Results With the Merlin Tracking Code	104
	S.C. Tygier, R.B. Appleby, H. Rafique UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow, S. Rowan IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom J. Molson LAL, Orsay, France
	Funding: Work supported by High Luminosity LHC : UK (HL-LHC-UK), grant number ST/N001621/1 MERLIN is an high performance accelerator simulation code which is used for modelling the collimation system at the LHC. It is written in extensible object-oriented C++ so new physics processes can be easily added. In this article we present recent developments needed for the Hi-Lumi LHC and future high energy colliders including FCC, such as hollow electron lenses and composite materials. We also give an overview of recent simulation work, validation against LHC data from run 1 and 2, and loss maps for Hi-Lumi LHC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPAB013
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEOBA1	A Comparison of Interaction Physics for Proton Collimation Systems in Current Simulation Tools	2478
	J. Molson, A. Faus-Golfe LAL, Orsay, France R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.J. Barlow IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, K.N. Sjobak, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland H. Rafique University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Y. Zou IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: The European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study (EuroCirCol) project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305. High performance collimation systems are required for current and proposed high energy hadron accelerators in order to protect superconducting magnets and experiments. In order to ensure that the collimation system designs are sufficient and will operate as expected, precision simulation tools are required. This paper discusses the current status of existing collimation system tools, and performs a comparison between codes in order to ensure that the simulated interaction physics between a proton and a collimator jaw is accurate.
	Slides WEOBA1 [7.235 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEOBA1
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPVA130	Modelling PET Radionuclides Production in Tissue and External Targets Using Geant4	4757
SUSPSIK117	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	A. Amin, R.J. Barlow IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom C.M. Hoehr, C. Lindsay TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada A. Infantino CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The Proton Therapy Facility in TRIUMF provides 74 MeV protons extracted from a 500 MeV H⁻ cyclotron for ocular melanoma treatments. During treatment, positron emitting radionuclides such as C-11, O-15 and N-13 are produced in patient tissue. Using PET scanners, the isotopic activity distribution can be measured for in-vivo range verification. A second cyclotron, the TR13, provides 13 MeV protons onto liquid targets for the production of PET radionuclides such as F-18, N-13 or Ga-68, for medical applications. The aim of this work was to validate Geant4 against FLUKA and experimental measurements for production of the above-mentioned isotopes using the two cyclotrons. The results show variable degrees of agreement. For proton therapy, the proton-range agreement was within 2 mm for C-11 activity, whereas N-13 disagreed. For liquid targets at the TR13 the average absolute deviation ratio between FLUKA and experiment was 1.9±2.8, whereas the average absolute deviation ratio between Geant4 and experiment was 0.6±0.4. This is due to the uncertainties present in experimentally determined reaction cross sections.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPVA130
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPVA133	Thin Internal Target Studies in a Compact FFAG	2411
	D. Bruton, R.J. Barlow, T.R. Edgecock University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom C. Johnstone PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The production of radioisotopes using a thin internal target and recycled beam within a compact FFAG design has been studied. Radioisotopes have a wide range of uses in medicine, and recent disruption to the supply chain has seen a renewed effort to find alternative isotopes and production methods. The FFAG design features separate sector magnets with non-scaling, non-linear field gradients which are optimized with magnet geometry to achieve isochronisity at the level of 0.3%, sufficient for Continuous Wave (CW) operation. Simulations have demonstrated that beam currents of up to 10mA can comfortably be achieved with this design. To further improve production efficiency a thin internal target, where the beam passes through the target and is recirculated, may be used. This setup ensures that production takes place within a narrow energy range, potentially increasing production rates and reducing impurities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA133
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPVA131	Biological Effectiveness of Proton and Ion Beam Therapy: Studies Using G4-DNA	4761
	R.J. Barlow University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom P. Thongjerm IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
	We have used the Geant4-DNA program to investigate on a radiobiological level the interaction of various types of particles within cells, to identify relationships between irradiation and damage to DNA, leading to cell death. Although the physical attributes of particle therapy clearly hold a benefit over conventional radiotherapy, the biological effects hold uncertainties, and modelling the way particles interact with tissue on a cellular level can reduce these. The understanding of the energy deposition pattern along the particle track and consequent probabilities of producing DNA cluster breaks enables us to predict the effects of a particle beam on a microscopic level, which can aid treatment planning.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPVA131
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Recent Development and Results With the Merlin Tracking Code

104

S.C. Tygier, R.B. Appleby, H. Rafique
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow, S. Rowan
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
J. Molson
LAL, Orsay, France

Funding: Work supported by High Luminosity LHC : UK (HL-LHC-UK), grant number ST/N001621/1
MERLIN is an high performance accelerator simulation code which is used for modelling the collimation system at the LHC. It is written in extensible object-oriented C++ so new physics processes can be easily added. In this article we present recent developments needed for the Hi-Lumi LHC and future high energy colliders including FCC, such as hollow electron lenses and composite materials. We also give an overview of recent simulation work, validation against LHC data from run 1 and 2, and loss maps for Hi-Lumi LHC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPAB013

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEOBA1

A Comparison of Interaction Physics for Proton Collimation Systems in Current Simulation Tools

2478

J. Molson, A. Faus-Golfe
LAL, Orsay, France
R.B. Appleby, S.C. Tygier
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.J. Barlow
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, K.N. Sjobak, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
H. Rafique
University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Y. Zou
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: The European Circular Energy-Frontier Collider Study (EuroCirCol) project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant No 654305.
High performance collimation systems are required for current and proposed high energy hadron accelerators in order to protect superconducting magnets and experiments. In order to ensure that the collimation system designs are sufficient and will operate as expected, precision simulation tools are required. This paper discusses the current status of existing collimation system tools, and performs a comparison between codes in order to ensure that the simulated interaction physics between a proton and a collimator jaw is accurate.

Slides WEOBA1 [7.235 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-WEOBA1

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPVA130

Modelling PET Radionuclides Production in Tissue and External Targets Using Geant4

4757

SUSPSIK117

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

A. Amin, R.J. Barlow
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C.M. Hoehr, C. Lindsay
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
A. Infantino
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The Proton Therapy Facility in TRIUMF provides 74 MeV protons extracted from a 500 MeV H⁻ cyclotron for ocular melanoma treatments. During treatment, positron emitting radionuclides such as C-11, O-15 and N-13 are produced in patient tissue. Using PET scanners, the isotopic activity distribution can be measured for in-vivo range verification. A second cyclotron, the TR13, provides 13 MeV protons onto liquid targets for the production of PET radionuclides such as F-18, N-13 or Ga-68, for medical applications. The aim of this work was to validate Geant4 against FLUKA and experimental measurements for production of the above-mentioned isotopes using the two cyclotrons. The results show variable degrees of agreement. For proton therapy, the proton-range agreement was within 2 mm for C-11 activity, whereas N-13 disagreed. For liquid targets at the TR13 the average absolute deviation ratio between FLUKA and experiment was 1.9±2.8, whereas the average absolute deviation ratio between Geant4 and experiment was 0.6±0.4. This is due to the uncertainties present in experimentally determined reaction cross sections.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPVA130

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPVA133

Thin Internal Target Studies in a Compact FFAG

2411

D. Bruton, R.J. Barlow, T.R. Edgecock
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
C. Johnstone
PAC, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The production of radioisotopes using a thin internal target and recycled beam within a compact FFAG design has been studied. Radioisotopes have a wide range of uses in medicine, and recent disruption to the supply chain has seen a renewed effort to find alternative isotopes and production methods. The FFAG design features separate sector magnets with non-scaling, non-linear field gradients which are optimized with magnet geometry to achieve isochronisity at the level of 0.3%, sufficient for Continuous Wave (CW) operation. Simulations have demonstrated that beam currents of up to 10mA can comfortably be achieved with this design. To further improve production efficiency a thin internal target, where the beam passes through the target and is recirculated, may be used. This setup ensures that production takes place within a narrow energy range, potentially increasing production rates and reducing impurities.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA133

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPVA131

Biological Effectiveness of Proton and Ion Beam Therapy: Studies Using G4-DNA

4761

R.J. Barlow
University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
P. Thongjerm
IIAA, Huddersfield, United Kingdom

We have used the Geant4-DNA program to investigate on a radiobiological level the interaction of various types of particles within cells, to identify relationships between irradiation and damage to DNA, leading to cell death. Although the physical attributes of particle therapy clearly hold a benefit over conventional radiotherapy, the biological effects hold uncertainties, and modelling the way particles interact with tissue on a cellular level can reduce these. The understanding of the energy deposition pattern along the particle track and consequent probabilities of producing DNA cluster breaks enables us to predict the effects of a particle beam on a microscopic level, which can aid treatment planning.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-THPVA131

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)