ECRIS2024 - List of Authors (Andreev, A.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOC1	Recent achievements in the production of metallic ion beams with the CAPRICE ECRIS at GSI	14
	A. Andreev, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The GSI CAPRICE Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) provides highly-charged ion beams for various experiments at GSI, enabling the delivery of continuous wave (CW) metallic ion beams with low material consumption, which is crucial for producing high charge state ion beams from rare or extremely rare isotopes such as ⁴⁸Ca. These metallic beams are produced utilizing the thermal evaporation technique by resistively heated ovens. Due to the research groups’ demand for higher beam intensities, increased ion currents of higher charge states are now necessary from the CAPRICE ECRIS. A test campaign was conducted to establish and improve the production of high charge states of enriched ⁵⁴Cr and ⁵⁵Mn ion beams. During the tests, plasma images were captured using a CCD camera to support the operation and enable real-time monitoring of the material consumption. Additionally, a hot screen was used to protect the ceramic insulators in the extraction system from metal deposition, thereby improving the operational stability of the ECRIS. The application of an optical emission spectroscopy to monitor the stability of metallic ion beams during the operation with the resistively heated ovens was also investigated. This contribution presents the operational experience, the intensities and stability achieved for the aforementioned elements. In addition, an update on a recent improvement involving a specialized oven preparation stand for better conditioning of the ovens is given.
	Slides MOC1 [3.835 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC1
About •	Received ※ 13 December 2024 — Revised ※ 21 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14	3D simulations of the CAPRICE ECRIS extraction system	131
	M.A. Händler IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany A. Andreev, F. Maimone, G. Franchetti, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	The simulation of the ion extraction from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) is necessary for the optimization and development of the performance of ion sources. Due to the magnetic field configuration of the ECRISs the calculations need to be performed in 3D. Therefore simulation programs based i.e. on C⁺⁺ libraries like IBSimu were developed. In this work a physical model was implemented in IBSimu generating detailed 3D simulations of ion extraction from a CAPRICE-type ECRIS. Simulations of multi-species Argon ion beam including Helium contribution as support gas extracted from CAPRICE are carried out. The study includes the effect of different space charge compensation degrees. Furthermore, ion beams extracted with different plasma electrode apertures were analyzed in terms of ion beam current, beam profile, beam size, divergence angle, and beam quality. In addition the simulation results were compared to experimental findings, i.e. ion beam intensities and beam profiles measured with viewing screens.
	Poster TUP14 [5.264 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP14
About •	Received ※ 20 December 2024 — Revised ※ 27 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 April 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEB1	Mixed carbon and helium ion beams for simultaneous heavy ion radiotherapy and radiography: an ion source perspective	148
	M. Galonska, A. Andreev, C. Graeff, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, L. Volz, R. Lang, R. Hollinger GSI, Darmstadt, Germany C. Graeff TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Within the framework of research on simultaneous heavy ion radiotherapy and radiography, a mixed carbon/helium ion beam with a variable He percentage has been successfully established and investigated at GSI for the first time in order to study this new mode of image guidance for carbon ion beam therapy. The mixed C/He ion beam was provided by the 14.5 GHz CAPRICE ECR ion source for the subsequent linac-synchrotron accelerator systems at GSI. Prior to that experiment, different ion combinations (¹²C³⁺/⁴He⁺ or ¹²C⁴⁺/³He⁺) out of CH₄ or CO₂ have been investigated at the ECR test bench in terms of ion beam currents, stability, and C-to-He-fraction quantified by optical spectral lines and mass spectra. From an ion source perspective, it turned out that each of the different combinations comply with all the requirements of the experiments which successfully took place utilizing a ¹²C³⁺/⁴He⁺- ion beam with an energy of 225 MeV/u. Finally, both ions were simultaneously accelerated and extracted and characterised in the biophysics cave. This paper briefly outlines some of the measurements obtained at the test bench and during the beam time from an ion source perspective.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEB1
About •	Received ※ 15 January 2025 — Revised ※ 24 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 26 February 2025 — Issued ※ 22 May 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Recent achievements in the production of metallic ion beams with the CAPRICE ECRIS at GSI

14

A. Andreev, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The GSI CAPRICE Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) provides highly-charged ion beams for various experiments at GSI, enabling the delivery of continuous wave (CW) metallic ion beams with low material consumption, which is crucial for producing high charge state ion beams from rare or extremely rare isotopes such as ⁴⁸Ca. These metallic beams are produced utilizing the thermal evaporation technique by resistively heated ovens. Due to the research groups’ demand for higher beam intensities, increased ion currents of higher charge states are now necessary from the CAPRICE ECRIS. A test campaign was conducted to establish and improve the production of high charge states of enriched ⁵⁴Cr and ⁵⁵Mn ion beams. During the tests, plasma images were captured using a CCD camera to support the operation and enable real-time monitoring of the material consumption. Additionally, a hot screen was used to protect the ceramic insulators in the extraction system from metal deposition, thereby improving the operational stability of the ECRIS. The application of an optical emission spectroscopy to monitor the stability of metallic ion beams during the operation with the resistively heated ovens was also investigated. This contribution presents the operational experience, the intensities and stability achieved for the aforementioned elements. In addition, an update on a recent improvement involving a specialized oven preparation stand for better conditioning of the ovens is given.

Slides MOC1 [3.835 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOC1

About •

Received ※ 13 December 2024 — Revised ※ 21 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 14 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP14

3D simulations of the CAPRICE ECRIS extraction system

131

M.A. Händler
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
A. Andreev, F. Maimone, G. Franchetti, J. Mäder, M. Galonska, R. Lang, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

The simulation of the ion extraction from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRISs) is necessary for the optimization and development of the performance of ion sources. Due to the magnetic field configuration of the ECRISs the calculations need to be performed in 3D. Therefore simulation programs based i.e. on C⁺⁺ libraries like IBSimu were developed. In this work a physical model was implemented in IBSimu generating detailed 3D simulations of ion extraction from a CAPRICE-type ECRIS. Simulations of multi-species Argon ion beam including Helium contribution as support gas extracted from CAPRICE are carried out. The study includes the effect of different space charge compensation degrees. Furthermore, ion beams extracted with different plasma electrode apertures were analyzed in terms of ion beam current, beam profile, beam size, divergence angle, and beam quality. In addition the simulation results were compared to experimental findings, i.e. ion beam intensities and beam profiles measured with viewing screens.

Poster TUP14 [5.264 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP14

About •

Received ※ 20 December 2024 — Revised ※ 27 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2025 — Issued ※ 17 April 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEB1

Mixed carbon and helium ion beams for simultaneous heavy ion radiotherapy and radiography: an ion source perspective

148

M. Galonska, A. Andreev, C. Graeff, F. Maimone, J. Mäder, L. Volz, R. Lang, R. Hollinger
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
C. Graeff
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Within the framework of research on simultaneous heavy ion radiotherapy and radiography, a mixed carbon/helium ion beam with a variable He percentage has been successfully established and investigated at GSI for the first time in order to study this new mode of image guidance for carbon ion beam therapy. The mixed C/He ion beam was provided by the 14.5 GHz CAPRICE ECR ion source for the subsequent linac-synchrotron accelerator systems at GSI. Prior to that experiment, different ion combinations (¹²C³⁺/⁴He⁺ or ¹²C⁴⁺/³He⁺) out of CH₄ or CO₂ have been investigated at the ECR test bench in terms of ion beam currents, stability, and C-to-He-fraction quantified by optical spectral lines and mass spectra. From an ion source perspective, it turned out that each of the different combinations comply with all the requirements of the experiments which successfully took place utilizing a ¹²C³⁺/⁴He⁺- ion beam with an energy of 225 MeV/u. Finally, both ions were simultaneously accelerated and extracted and characterised in the biophysics cave. This paper briefly outlines some of the measurements obtained at the test bench and during the beam time from an ion source perspective.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-WEB1

About •

Received ※ 15 January 2025 — Revised ※ 24 January 2025 — Accepted ※ 26 February 2025 — Issued ※ 22 May 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)