ECRIS2020 - List of Authors (Torrisi, G.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOWZO03	Status of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS	10
	L. Celona, G. Calabrese, G. Castro, F. Chines, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, G. Manno, D. Mascali, A. Massara, S. Passarello, D. Siliato, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy G. Costanzo INFN-Pavia, Pavia, Italy C. Maugeri, F. Russo CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy
	The AISHa ion source is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source designed to generate high brightness multiply charged ion beams with high reliability, easy operations and maintenance for hadrontheraphy applications. The R&D performed by the INFN-LNS team during the 2019/2020 has allowed the improvement of the AISHa performances up to 20% for some of the extracted beams: both injection and extraction flanges has been improved and a movable electrode has been installed. The low energy beam transport has been equipped of an Emittance Measurement Unit (EMU), working through the beam wire scanners principle, for the measurement of the vertical and horizontal emittance of the beams of interest for hadrontherapy applications. Beam emittance has been characterized as a function of q/m and of the beam intensity to highlight space charge effects. If necessary, the beam wire scanners can be used for the characterization of the beam shape. The perspectives for further developments and plasma diagnostics will be also highlighted.
	Slides MOWZO03 [24.738 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO03
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 12 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 06 February 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYZO01	Imaging in X-ray Ranges to Locally Investigate the Effect of the Two-Close-Frequency Heating in ECRIS Plasmas	27
	R. Rácz, S. Biri, Z. Perduk Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy E. Naselli Catania University, Catania, Italy J. Pálinkás University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
	Plasma instabilities limit the ECR Ion Sources performances in terms of flux of the extracted highly charged ions by causing beam ripple and unstable operation conditions. In a 14 GHz ECRIS (Atomki, Debrecen), the effect on the plasma instabilities in an Argon plasma at Two Close Frequencies heating scheme (the frequency gap is smaller than 1 GHz) has been explored. A special multi-diagnostic setup [1, 2] has been designed and implemented consisting of detectors for the simultaneous collection of plasma radio-self-emission and of high spatial resolution X-ray images in the 500 eV - 20 keV energy domain (using an X-ray pin-hole camera setup). We present the comparison of plasma structural changes as observed from X-ray images in single and double-frequency operations. The latter has been particularly correlated to the confinement and velocity anisotropy, also by considering results coming from numerical simulations. [1] S. Biri et al. Journal of Instrumentation 13(11):C11016 DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/C11016 [2] E. Naselli et. al. Journal of Instrumentation 14(10):C10008 DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/C10008
	Slides MOYZO01 [7.325 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO01
About •	Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 11 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 17 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 24 January 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYZO02	High Resolution X-ray Imaging as a Powerful Diagnostics Tool to Investigate ECRIS Plasma Structure and Confinement Dynamics	32
	E. Naselli, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy S. Biri, Z. Perduk, R. Rácz Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy E. Naselli Catania University, Catania, Italy J. Pálinkás DU, Debrecen, Hungary
	High resolution spatially-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, by means of a X-ray pin-hole camera setup* ** operating in the 0.5-20 keV energy domain, is a very powerful method for ECRIS plasma structure evaluation. We present the setup installed at a 14 GHz ECRIS (ATOMKI, Debrecen), including a multi-layered collimator enabling measurements up to several hundreds of watts of RF pumping power and the achieved spatial and energy resolution (0.5 mm and 300 eV). Results coming by a new algorithm for analyzing Integrated (multi-events detection) and Photon-Counted images (single-event detection) to perform energy-resolved investigation will be described. The analysis permits to investigate High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) and spectrally resolved images, to study the effect of the axial and radial confinement (even separately), the plasma radius, the fluxes of deconfined electrons distinguishing fluorescence lines of the materials of the plasma chamber (Ti, Ta) from plasma (Ar) fluorescence lines. This method allows a detailed characterization of warm electrons, important for ionization, and to quantitatively estimate local plasma density and spectral temperature pixel-by-pixel. S. Biri et al., JINST 13(11):C11016-C11016, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/C11016 *E. Naselli et al., JINST 14(10):C10008-C10008, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/C10008
	Slides MOYZO02 [26.629 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO02
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 17 December 2020
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXZO02	Experimental Evidence of E.M. trapped E.M. waves in a Simple Mirror Magnetic-Trap
	G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy R. Miracoli ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	This work presents the first experimental characterization of cavity modes trapped within a plasma column in an axis-symmetric magnetic trap. Trapped wave has been characterized by means of a movable antenna as a function of the B_min/B_ECR ratio and plasma parameters. The study demonstrates that E.M waves can be enclosed two R-cutoff layers, close to the B minimum position. Results suggest that the trapped waves consist of waves propagating across the magnetic field and storing large part of the E.M. power. If R-cut-off is removed by increasing the density, trapped waves are not detected longer. A typical Electron Energy Distribution Function composed by two different electron populations is measured in the layer where trapped waves are revealed, suggesting that additional heating is occurring.
	Slides TUXZO02 [6.058 MB]
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUYZO01	Advancements in Self-Consistent Modeling of Time- and Space-Dependent Phenomena in ECRIS Plasma	78
	A. Pidatella, D. Mascali, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy E. Naselli Catania University, Catania, Italy
	Resonant interaction with microwave radiation in ECRIS plasma leads to a strongly anisotropic electron energy distribution function (EEDF), given as a combination of two to three electron populations, with anisotropy that might trigger kinetic instabilities. At the INFN, further efforts have been paid to improve and update self-consistent 3D numerical codes for plasma electrons kinetics. Progresses have opened several perspectives. It is now possible to derive a space-resolved EEDF, providing local information on electron properties. Also, the code has been updated to provide reaction rates of electromagnetic emissions, including X-ray fluorescence. Estimates of the local ion charge state distribution is potentially possible, and first evaluations are ongoing. Dealing with fast-transient mechanisms, such as electromagnetic emission via the electron-cyclotron MASER instability, the code is now updated for locally evaluating the EEDF anisotropy. We will present the collected results, which we believe to have a relevant impact both on the ECRIS plasma physics and on the INFN’s PANDORA project that plans to use ECR plasmas for fundamental studies in Nuclear and AstroNuclear Physics.
	Slides TUYZO01 [25.158 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUYZO01
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 03 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 21 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 01 December 2020
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUYZO03	Electromagnetic Simulation of "plasma-shaped" Plasma Chamber for Innovative ECRIS	90
	G.S. Mauro, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, A. Pidatella, F. Russo, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy C.S. Gallo UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy G. Sorbello University of Catania, Catania, Italy
	The plasma chamber and injection system design play a fundamental role in ECRISs with the aim to obtain an optimized electromagnetic field configuration able to generate and sustain a plasma with a high energy content. In this work we present the numerical study and the design of an unconventionally-shaped cavity resonator* that possesses some key advantages with respect to the standard cylindrical cavities, usually adopted in ion sources setups. The cavity geometry, whose design has been completed on January 2020, has been inspired by the typical star-shaped ECR plasma, determined by the magnetic field structure. The chamber has been designed by using the commercial softwares CST and COMSOL, with the aim to maximize the on-axis electric field. Moreover, a radically innovative microwaves injection system, consisting in side-coupled slotted waveguides, has been implemented, allowing a better power coupling and a more symmetric power distribution inside the cavity with respect to the standard rectangular waveguides. This new ’plasma-shaped oriented’ design could relevantly improve the performances of the ECRISs while making more compact the overall setup. *This work has been carried out within the Grant 73/IRIS project, supported by INFN (Italian patent pending n. 102020000001756).
	Slides TUYZO03 [5.119 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUYZO03
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 05 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 10 December 2021
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Status of the AISHa Ion Source at INFN-LNS

10

L. Celona, G. Calabrese, G. Castro, F. Chines, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, G. Manno, D. Mascali, A. Massara, S. Passarello, D. Siliato, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
G. Costanzo
INFN-Pavia, Pavia, Italy
C. Maugeri, F. Russo
CNAO Foundation, Pavia, Italy

The AISHa ion source is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source designed to generate high brightness multiply charged ion beams with high reliability, easy operations and maintenance for hadrontheraphy applications. The R&D performed by the INFN-LNS team during the 2019/2020 has allowed the improvement of the AISHa performances up to 20% for some of the extracted beams: both injection and extraction flanges has been improved and a movable electrode has been installed. The low energy beam transport has been equipped of an Emittance Measurement Unit (EMU), working through the beam wire scanners principle, for the measurement of the vertical and horizontal emittance of the beams of interest for hadrontherapy applications. Beam emittance has been characterized as a function of q/m and of the beam intensity to highlight space charge effects. If necessary, the beam wire scanners can be used for the characterization of the beam shape. The perspectives for further developments and plasma diagnostics will be also highlighted.

Slides MOWZO03 [24.738 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOWZO03

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 12 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 06 February 2022 — Issue date ※ 05 July 2022

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYZO01

Imaging in X-ray Ranges to Locally Investigate the Effect of the Two-Close-Frequency Heating in ECRIS Plasmas

27

R. Rácz, S. Biri, Z. Perduk
Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary
G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
E. Naselli
Catania University, Catania, Italy
J. Pálinkás
University Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary

Plasma instabilities limit the ECR Ion Sources performances in terms of flux of the extracted highly charged ions by causing beam ripple and unstable operation conditions. In a 14 GHz ECRIS (Atomki, Debrecen), the effect on the plasma instabilities in an Argon plasma at Two Close Frequencies heating scheme (the frequency gap is smaller than 1 GHz) has been explored. A special multi-diagnostic setup [1, 2] has been designed and implemented consisting of detectors for the simultaneous collection of plasma radio-self-emission and of high spatial resolution X-ray images in the 500 eV - 20 keV energy domain (using an X-ray pin-hole camera setup). We present the comparison of plasma structural changes as observed from X-ray images in single and double-frequency operations. The latter has been particularly correlated to the confinement and velocity anisotropy, also by considering results coming from numerical simulations.
[1] S. Biri et al. Journal of Instrumentation 13(11):C11016 DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/C11016
[2] E. Naselli et. al. Journal of Instrumentation 14(10):C10008 DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/C10008

Slides MOYZO01 [7.325 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO01

About •

Received ※ 25 September 2020 — Revised ※ 11 November 2020 — Accepted ※ 17 December 2020 — Issue date ※ 24 January 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOYZO02

High Resolution X-ray Imaging as a Powerful Diagnostics Tool to Investigate ECRIS Plasma Structure and Confinement Dynamics

32

E. Naselli, G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, D. Mascali, M. Mazzaglia, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
S. Biri, Z. Perduk, R. Rácz
Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
E. Naselli
Catania University, Catania, Italy
J. Pálinkás
DU, Debrecen, Hungary

High resolution spatially-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, by means of a X-ray pin-hole camera setup* ** operating in the 0.5-20 keV energy domain, is a very powerful method for ECRIS plasma structure evaluation. We present the setup installed at a 14 GHz ECRIS (ATOMKI, Debrecen), including a multi-layered collimator enabling measurements up to several hundreds of watts of RF pumping power and the achieved spatial and energy resolution (0.5 mm and 300 eV). Results coming by a new algorithm for analyzing Integrated (multi-events detection) and Photon-Counted images (single-event detection) to perform energy-resolved investigation will be described. The analysis permits to investigate High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) and spectrally resolved images, to study the effect of the axial and radial confinement (even separately), the plasma radius, the fluxes of deconfined electrons distinguishing fluorescence lines of the materials of the plasma chamber (Ti, Ta) from plasma (Ar) fluorescence lines. This method allows a detailed characterization of warm electrons, important for ionization, and to quantitatively estimate local plasma density and spectral temperature pixel-by-pixel.
*S. Biri et al., JINST 13(11):C11016-C11016, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/13/11/C11016
**E. Naselli et al., JINST 14(10):C10008-C10008, DOI:10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/C10008

Slides MOYZO02 [26.629 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-MOYZO02

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2020 — Revised ※ 02 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 17 December 2020

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUXZO02

Experimental Evidence of E.M. trapped E.M. waves in a Simple Mirror Magnetic-Trap

G. Castro, L. Celona, S. Gammino, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
R. Miracoli
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

This work presents the first experimental characterization of cavity modes trapped within a plasma column in an axis-symmetric magnetic trap. Trapped wave has been characterized by means of a movable antenna as a function of the B_min/B_ECR ratio and plasma parameters. The study demonstrates that E.M waves can be enclosed two R-cutoff layers, close to the B minimum position. Results suggest that the trapped waves consist of waves propagating across the magnetic field and storing large part of the E.M. power. If R-cut-off is removed by increasing the density, trapped waves are not detected longer. A typical Electron Energy Distribution Function composed by two different electron populations is measured in the layer where trapped waves are revealed, suggesting that additional heating is occurring.

Slides TUXZO02 [6.058 MB]

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUYZO01

Advancements in Self-Consistent Modeling of Time- and Space-Dependent Phenomena in ECRIS Plasma

78

A. Pidatella, D. Mascali, B. Mishra, E. Naselli, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
E. Naselli
Catania University, Catania, Italy

Resonant interaction with microwave radiation in ECRIS plasma leads to a strongly anisotropic electron energy distribution function (EEDF), given as a combination of two to three electron populations, with anisotropy that might trigger kinetic instabilities. At the INFN, further efforts have been paid to improve and update self-consistent 3D numerical codes for plasma electrons kinetics. Progresses have opened several perspectives. It is now possible to derive a space-resolved EEDF, providing local information on electron properties. Also, the code has been updated to provide reaction rates of electromagnetic emissions, including X-ray fluorescence. Estimates of the local ion charge state distribution is potentially possible, and first evaluations are ongoing. Dealing with fast-transient mechanisms, such as electromagnetic emission via the electron-cyclotron MASER instability, the code is now updated for locally evaluating the EEDF anisotropy. We will present the collected results, which we believe to have a relevant impact both on the ECRIS plasma physics and on the INFN’s PANDORA project that plans to use ECR plasmas for fundamental studies in Nuclear and AstroNuclear Physics.

Slides TUYZO01 [25.158 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUYZO01

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 03 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 21 November 2020 — Issue date ※ 01 December 2020

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUYZO03

Electromagnetic Simulation of "plasma-shaped" Plasma Chamber for Innovative ECRIS

90

G.S. Mauro, O. Leonardi, D. Mascali, A. Pidatella, F. Russo, G. Sorbello, G. Torrisi
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
A. Galatà, C.S. Gallo
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
C.S. Gallo
UNIFE, Ferrara, Italy
G. Sorbello
University of Catania, Catania, Italy

The plasma chamber and injection system design play a fundamental role in ECRISs with the aim to obtain an optimized electromagnetic field configuration able to generate and sustain a plasma with a high energy content. In this work we present the numerical study and the design of an unconventionally-shaped cavity resonator* that possesses some key advantages with respect to the standard cylindrical cavities, usually adopted in ion sources setups. The cavity geometry, whose design has been completed on January 2020, has been inspired by the typical star-shaped ECR plasma, determined by the magnetic field structure. The chamber has been designed by using the commercial softwares CST and COMSOL, with the aim to maximize the on-axis electric field. Moreover, a radically innovative microwaves injection system, consisting in side-coupled slotted waveguides, has been implemented, allowing a better power coupling and a more symmetric power distribution inside the cavity with respect to the standard rectangular waveguides. This new ’plasma-shaped oriented’ design could relevantly improve the performances of the ECRISs while making more compact the overall setup.
*This work has been carried out within the Grant 73/IRIS project, supported by INFN (Italian patent pending n. 102020000001756).

Slides TUYZO03 [5.119 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2020-TUYZO03

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2020 — Revised ※ 05 October 2020 — Accepted ※ 18 May 2021 — Issue date ※ 10 December 2021

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)