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Holzer, E. B.

Paper Title Page
TUPC037 Development, Production and Testing of 4500 Beam Loss Monitors 1134
 
  • E. B. Holzer, P. Chiggiato, B. Dehning, G. Ferioli, V. Grishin, J. M. Jimenez, M. Taborelli, I. Wevers
    CERN, Geneva
  • A. Koshelev, A. Larionov, V. Seleznev, M. Sleptsov, A. Sytin
    IHEP Protvino, Protvino, Moscow Region
  • D. K. Kramer
    TUL, Liberec
 
  Beam-loss monitoring (BLM) is a key element in the LHC machine protection. 4250 nitrogen filled ionization chambers (IC) and 350 secondary emission monitors (SEM) have been manufactured at the Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) in Protvino, Russia, following their development at CERN. Signal speed and robustness against ageing were the main design criteria. Each monitor is permanently sealed inside a stainless-steel cylinder. The quality of the welding was a critical aspect during production. The SEMs are requested to hold a vacuum of 1·10-7 bar. Impurity levels from thermal and radiation-induced desorption should remain in the range of parts per million in the ICs. The difference in sensitivity is about 3·104. To avoid radiation aging (up to 2·108 Gy in 20 years) production of the chambers followed strict UHV requirements. IHEP designed and built the UHV production stand. Due to the required dynamic range of 1·109, the leakage current of the monitors has to stay below 1 pA. Several tests during and after production were performed at IHEP and CERN. A consistently high quality during the whole production period was achieved and the tight production schedule kept at the same time.  
WEOAG02 Measurements of Heavy Ion Beam Losses from Collimation 1906
 
  • R. Bruce, R. W. Assmann, G. Bellodi, C. Bracco, H.-H. Braun, S. S. Gilardoni, E. B. Holzer, J. M. Jowett, S. Redaelli, Th. Weiler, C. Zamantzas
    CERN, Geneva
 
  The collimation efficiency for Pb82+ ion beams in the LHC is predicted to be much lower than for protons. Nuclear fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation in the primary collimators create fragments with a wide range of Z/A ratios, which are not intercepted by the secondary collimators but lost where the dispersion has grown sufficiently large. In this article we present measurements of loss patterns caused by a prototype LHC collimator in the CERN SPS. The loss maps show a qualitative difference between Pb82+ ions and protons, with the maximum loss rate observed at different places in the ring. This behaviour was predicted by simulations and provides a valuable benchmark of the simulations done for the LHC.  
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THPC147 Generation of 1.5 Million Beam Loss Threshold Values 3333
 
  • E. B. Holzer, B. Dehning, L. Ponce, M. Sapinski, M. Stockner
    CERN, Geneva
  • D. K. Kramer
    TUL, Liberec
  • P. Priebe
    Poznan University of Technology, Poznan
 
  CERN's Large Hadron Collider will store an unprecedented amount of energy in its circulating beams. Beam-loss monitoring (BLM) is, therefore, critical for machine protection. It must protect against the consequences (equipment damage, quenches of superconducting magnets) of excessive beam loss. 4000 monitors will be installed at critical loss locations. Each monitor has 384 beam abort thresholds associated; for 12 integrated loss durations (40 us to 83 s) and 32 energies (450 GeV to 7 TeV). Depending on monitor location, the thresholds vary by orders of magnitude. For simplification, the monitors are grouped in 'families'. Monitors of one family have the same thresholds at start-up; they protect similar magnets against equivalent loss scenarios. The start-up calibration of the BLM system is required to be within a factor of five in accuracy; and the final accuracy should be a factor of two. Simulations (backed-up by control measurements) determine the relation between the BLM signal, the deposited energy and the critical energy deposition for damage or quench (temperature of the coil). The paper presents the details and systematic of determining 1.5 million threshold values.