Paper |
Title |
Other Keywords |
Page |
MOPLS011 |
Investigations of the Parameter Space for the LHC Luminosity Upgrade
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luminosity, LHC, quadrupole, insertion |
556 |
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- J.-P. Koutchouk
CERN, Geneva
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Increasing the LHC luminosity by a factor of ten is a major challenge, not so much for the beam optics but certainly for the beam-beam long-range interactions and even more for the technology and layout: the quadrupole gradient, its physical aperture and tolerance to the energy deposition shall be significantly increased; its distance to the crossing point shall be reduced if the particle detectors can allow it. To help identifying consistent solutions in this multi-dimensional constrained space, a algorithmic model of an LHC insertion was prepared, based on the present LHC layout, i.e., "quadrupole first" and small crossing angle. The model deals with the layout, the beam optics, the beam-beam effect, the superconductor field margins and the peak heat deposition in the coils. The approach is simplified to allow a large gain in the design/computation time for optimization. First results have shown the need to use the Nb3Sn technology (or a material of equivalent performance) to reach the performance goal. In this paper, the model is refined to take into account the quench levels and temperature margins. The optimal insertions within the framework of this approach are identified.
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WEPCH094 |
An Early Beam Separation Scheme for the LHC
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luminosity, LHC, dipole, beam-beam-effects |
2134 |
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- J.-P. Koutchouk, G. Sterbini
CERN, Geneva
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The high nominal luminosity of the LHC requires a large number of bunches spaced by about 7.5 m. To prevent more than one head-on collision in each interaction region, a crossing angle of 0.285 mrad is necessary. A side effect of this crossing angle is the increase of the effective transverse beam cross-section, thereby decreasing the luminosity by some 16%. For the LHC upgrade, depending on the focusing scenarios, this loss significantly increases and largely offsets the potential gain of a stronger focusing. In this paper we analyze a strategy to circumvent this difficulty, based an early beam separation using small dipoles placed at a few meters from the interaction point, deep inside the detectors. This allows quasi co-linear head-on collisions at the crossing point only. From the beam dynamics point of view, the essential constraint is to control the long-range beam-beam interactions in a scenario where the normalized beam separation is not constant. In this paper the criteria of the analysis and the performance improvement obtained with the scheme are discussed. The strength of the dipoles is estimated as well as the impact on the detectors structure.
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