CYCLOTRONS2022 - List of Authors (Snuverink, J.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOBO02	IMPACT: A Substantial Upgrade to the HIPA Infrastructure at PSI	34
	D.C. Kiselev, R. Eichler, M. Haj Tahar, M. Hartmann, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, A. Koschik, D. Laube, T. Rauber, D. Reggiani, R. Schibli, J. Snuverink, U. Wellenkamp, H. Zhang, N.P. van der Meulen PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland K. Kirch ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
	The High Intensity Proton Accelerator complex (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, delivers a 590 MeV CW proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA (1.4 MW) to several user facilities and experimental stations. Other than the two spallation targets for thermal/cold neutrons (SINQ) and for ultracold neutrons (UCN), the beam feeds two meson production targets, Target M and Target E, serving particle physics experiments and material research via seven secondary beam lines. IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target technology) aims to expand the infrastructure at HIPA in two ways: by HIMB (High-Intensity Muon Beams), increasing the surface muon rate by a factor 100, and TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions), producing promising radionuclides for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. HIMB and TATTOOS are located close to each other. HIMB has to fit into the existing main proton beam line towards Target E and SINQ, while TATTOOS will occupy an area in a new, adjacent building using 100 µA protons split from the main beam. TATTOOS will be a perfect complement to the existing radionuclide production at 72 MeV, adding a variety of difficult to produce nuclides at a large scale. For HIMB, the current Target M will be replaced by a four-fold thicker target (Target H) consisting of a graphite wheel optimized for surface muon production. In addition, both muon beam lines are improved regarding their transmission from target to experiment. Care is taken to reduce the losses to an acceptable level in the main existing proton beam line. Installation towards the implementation of IMPACT as new user facility is foreseen from 2027.
	Slides MOBO02 [6.877 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBO02
About •	Received ※ 14 January 2023 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO01	OPAL Simulation on the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of the Medical Cyclotron COMET at Paul Scherrer Institute	148
	H. Zhang, C. Baumgarten, P. Frey, M. Hartmann, R. Kan, M. Kostezer, A. Mülhaupt, J.M. Schippers, A. Schmidt, J. Snuverink PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The use of the medical cyclotron COMET for FLASH proton therapy requires a high beam transmission from the ion source through the central region apertures. This paper first presents a model of the COMET cyclotron featuring a rotatable ion source, a movable puller, and an adjustable first fixed slit (FFS), implemented with the OPAL framework. The electromagnetic field is individual-ly created to match each specific configuration. The beam optics parameters, especially beam position and beam size upon approaching and after passing FFS, have been studied in detail. The OPAL simulations demon-strate that an optimal configuration of the ion source, the puller and the FFS is key to achieve a high beam trans-mission. An experimental test gave a 2.8 times higher intensity within COMET cyclotron with the modifications derived on the basis of the simulations: a 0.57 mm shift of puller and a 5.6° rotation of ion source. The simula-tions indicate that, with these modifications, the beam can still be centered and accelerated to the extraction energy of 250 MeV. Next step is to investigate the influ-ence of such modifications upon the acceleration and the extraction, again with an iterative approach combining simulations and experiments.
	Slides WEAO01 [5.351 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO01
About •	Received ※ 13 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 March 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO05	Investigation of Long Radial Probe Activation in the PSI Main Ring Cyclotron	163
	M.I. Besana, E. Hohmann, M. Sapinski, J. Snuverink, D. Werthmüller PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	During an inspection of a new Long Radial Probe, inserted into the Ring cyclotron only a month earlier, an activation hot spot has been identified. The nature of this hot spot has been investigated by performing measurements of the residual activation using shielded Al₂O₃:C dosimeters, 5 mm in diameter, and a portable gamma spectrometer. Monte Carlo simulations of the probe activation with various proton energies have been performed. Results show that most of the activation comes from relatively fast decaying radionuclides and therefore the residual dose drops sufficiently during the shutdown to allow for maintenance and upgrade works. Comparing the abundances of various radionuclides estimated from measured gamma spectra with simulations at various proton energies we conclude that the most probable loss mechanism is scattering of the protons on the upstream collimator.
	Slides WEAO05 [2.625 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO05
About •	Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 10 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

IMPACT: A Substantial Upgrade to the HIPA Infrastructure at PSI

34

D.C. Kiselev, R. Eichler, M. Haj Tahar, M. Hartmann, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, A. Koschik, D. Laube, T. Rauber, D. Reggiani, R. Schibli, J. Snuverink, U. Wellenkamp, H. Zhang, N.P. van der Meulen
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
K. Kirch
ETH, Zurich, Switzerland

The High Intensity Proton Accelerator complex (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland, delivers a 590 MeV CW proton beam with currents of up to 2.4 mA (1.4 MW) to several user facilities and experimental stations. Other than the two spallation targets for thermal/cold neutrons (SINQ) and for ultracold neutrons (UCN), the beam feeds two meson production targets, Target M and Target E, serving particle physics experiments and material research via seven secondary beam lines. IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target technology) aims to expand the infrastructure at HIPA in two ways: by HIMB (High-Intensity Muon Beams), increasing the surface muon rate by a factor 100, and TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions), producing promising radionuclides for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. HIMB and TATTOOS are located close to each other. HIMB has to fit into the existing main proton beam line towards Target E and SINQ, while TATTOOS will occupy an area in a new, adjacent building using 100 µA protons split from the main beam. TATTOOS will be a perfect complement to the existing radionuclide production at 72 MeV, adding a variety of difficult to produce nuclides at a large scale. For HIMB, the current Target M will be replaced by a four-fold thicker target (Target H) consisting of a graphite wheel optimized for surface muon production. In addition, both muon beam lines are improved regarding their transmission from target to experiment. Care is taken to reduce the losses to an acceptable level in the main existing proton beam line. Installation towards the implementation of IMPACT as new user facility is foreseen from 2027.

Slides MOBO02 [6.877 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-MOBO02

About •

Received ※ 14 January 2023 — Revised ※ 17 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 30 January 2023 — Issue date ※ 10 February 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO01

OPAL Simulation on the Beam Transmission in the Central Region of the Medical Cyclotron COMET at Paul Scherrer Institute

148

H. Zhang, C. Baumgarten, P. Frey, M. Hartmann, R. Kan, M. Kostezer, A. Mülhaupt, J.M. Schippers, A. Schmidt, J. Snuverink
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The use of the medical cyclotron COMET for FLASH proton therapy requires a high beam transmission from the ion source through the central region apertures. This paper first presents a model of the COMET cyclotron featuring a rotatable ion source, a movable puller, and an adjustable first fixed slit (FFS), implemented with the OPAL framework. The electromagnetic field is individual-ly created to match each specific configuration. The beam optics parameters, especially beam position and beam size upon approaching and after passing FFS, have been studied in detail. The OPAL simulations demon-strate that an optimal configuration of the ion source, the puller and the FFS is key to achieve a high beam trans-mission. An experimental test gave a 2.8 times higher intensity within COMET cyclotron with the modifications derived on the basis of the simulations: a 0.57 mm shift of puller and a 5.6° rotation of ion source. The simula-tions indicate that, with these modifications, the beam can still be centered and accelerated to the extraction energy of 250 MeV. Next step is to investigate the influ-ence of such modifications upon the acceleration and the extraction, again with an iterative approach combining simulations and experiments.

Slides WEAO01 [5.351 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO01

About •

Received ※ 13 December 2022 — Revised ※ 09 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 01 February 2023 — Issue date ※ 11 March 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEAO05

Investigation of Long Radial Probe Activation in the PSI Main Ring Cyclotron

163

M.I. Besana, E. Hohmann, M. Sapinski, J. Snuverink, D. Werthmüller
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

During an inspection of a new Long Radial Probe, inserted into the Ring cyclotron only a month earlier, an activation hot spot has been identified. The nature of this hot spot has been investigated by performing measurements of the residual activation using shielded Al₂O₃:C dosimeters, 5 mm in diameter, and a portable gamma spectrometer. Monte Carlo simulations of the probe activation with various proton energies have been performed. Results show that most of the activation comes from relatively fast decaying radionuclides and therefore the residual dose drops sufficiently during the shutdown to allow for maintenance and upgrade works. Comparing the abundances of various radionuclides estimated from measured gamma spectra with simulations at various proton energies we conclude that the most probable loss mechanism is scattering of the protons on the upstream collimator.

Slides WEAO05 [2.625 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-CYCLOTRONS2022-WEAO05

About •

Received ※ 21 December 2022 — Revised ※ 10 January 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 July 2023 — Issue date ※ 13 July 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)