Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
UW-Madison/SRC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
SRF cavity design requires the integration of several different software and analytic tools to produce a cavity which, after production and cool down to liquid helium temperatures, has the correct resonant frequency. We describe a ‘map’ which starts with a cold cavity at the correct frequency and moves back through the series of production steps producing an expected resonant frequency at each step. For example, contributions to cavity deformation from vacuum and tuner loading are modeled in ANSYS and a piecewise linear fit is produced which is re-inserted into the SUPERFISH1 model to determine the new resonance point. We describe the steps and calculations used to develop the frequency map for the Wisconsin SRF electron gun and the specific initial cavity geometry.
1. J. H. Billen and L. M. Young, "POISSON/SUPERFISH on PC Compatibles," Proceedings of the 1993 Particle Accelerator Conference, Vol. 2 of 5, 790-792 (1993).
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
Brookhaven National Laboratory and Niowave, Inc. have designed and fabricated a superconducting 112 MHz quarter-wave resonator (QWR) electron gun. The first cold test of the QWR cryomodule has been completed at Niowave. The paper describes the cryomodule design, presents the cold test results, and outline plans to upgrade the cryomodule. Future experiments include studies of different photocathodes and use for the coherent electron cooling proof-of-principle experiment. Two cathode stalk options, one for multi-alkali photocathodes and the other one for a diamond-amplified photocathode, are discussed.
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
In collaboration with Brookhaven National Lab (BNL), Niowave, Inc. has built and performed the first cryogenic test on a two-cell passive SRF cavity for controlling electron bunch lengths at NSLS-II, the new 3rd generation synchrotron under construction at BNL. The structure is resonant at 1500 MHz, the third harmonic of the accelerating RF frequency. Because the cavity is powered by the beam itself, however, many frequencies could potentially be excited and higher-order modes must be strongly damped. Further, only one of the two cavity fundamental modes is used for the bunch length control, and the other mode has been carefully tuned so that it will be minimally excited by the electron bunches. The first cryogenic test has been performed to demonstrate a successful cooldown of the cavity in its cryomodule and to show that the cavity can be tuned to its operating frequency while the proper spacing between the two fundamental modes is maintained. A brief discussion of the cavity design will be presented along with some results from the cavity tuning and cryotest.
Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Niowave, Inc., Lansing, Michigan, USA
Large grain niobium is being examined for fabricating superconducting radiofrequency cavities as an alternative to using rolled sheet with fine grains. It is desirable to know the grain orientations of a niobium ingot slice before fabrication, as this allows heterogeneous strain and surface roughness effects arising from etching to be anticipated. Characterization of grain orientations has been done using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), which requires destructive extraction of pieces from an ingot slice. Use of a Laue camera allows nondestructive characterization of grain orientations, a process useful for evaluating slices and deformation during the manufacturing process. Five ingot slices from CBMM, Ningxia, and Heraeus are compared. One set of slices was deformed into a half cell and the deformation processes that cause crystal rotations have been investigated and compared with analytical predictions. The five ingot slices are compared in terms of their grain orientations and grain boundary misorientations, indicating no obvious commonalities, which suggests that grain orientations develop randomly during solidification.