2011 Particle Accelerator Conference - Classification: Light Sources and FELs / Accel/Storage Rings 08: Linear Accelerators

Paper	Title	Page
THP178	Design of the MAX IV Ring Injector and SPF/FEL Driver	2447
	S. Thorin, M. Eriksson, M.A.G. Johansson, D. Kumbaro, F. Lindau, L. Malmgren, J.H. Modéer, M. Sjöström, S. Werin MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden D. Angal-Kalinin, J.W. McKenzie, B.L. Militsyn, P.H. Williams STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	The MAX IV linac will be used both for injection and top up into two storage rings, and as a high brightness injector for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF) and an FEL (in phase 2). Compression is done in two double achromats with positive R56. The natural second order momentum compaction, T566, from the achromats is used together with weak sextupoles to linearise longitudinal phase space, leaving no need for a linearising harmonic cavity. The design of the linac focuses on flexibility, simplicity and stability, while keeping the costs low. The accelerator structures have been ordered, as well as modulator/klystrons. The linac will be the first accelerator to be assembled and commissioned in the MAX IV project, starting mid 2012.

THP180	Studies of a Linac Driver for a High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL	2450
	M. Venturini, J.N. Corlett, L.R. Doolittle, D. Filippetto, C. F. Papadopoulos, G. Penn, D. Prosnitz, J. Qiang, M.W. Reinsch, R.D. Ryne, F. Sannibale, J.W. Staples, R.P. Wells, J.S. Wurtele, M.S. Zolotorev LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, USA
	Funding: Work carried out under Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC02-0SCK11231 We report on on-going studies of a superconducting CW linac driver intended to support a high repetition rate FEL operating in the soft x-rays spectrum. We present a point-design for a 1.8 GeV machine tuned for 300~pC bunches and delivering low-emittance, low-energy spread beams as needed for the SASE and seeded beamlines.

THP181	Low Intensity Nonlinear Effects in Compton Scattering Sources	2453
	F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, C.P.J. Barty, M. Betts, R.R. Cross, C.A. Ebbers, D.J. Gibson, F.V. Hartemann, T.L. Houck, R.A. Marsh, M. J. Messerly, C. Siders, S.S.Q. Wu LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	The design and optimization of a Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) Compton scattering source are presented. A new precision source with up to 2.5 MeV photon energies, enabled by state of the art laser and x-band linac technologies, is currently being built at LLNL. Various aspects of the theoretical design, including dose and brightness optimization, will be presented. In particular, while it is known that nonlinear effects occur in such light sources when the laser normalized potential is close to unity, we show that these can appear at lower values of the potential. A three dimensional analytical model and numerical benchmarks have been developed to model the source characteristics, including nonlinear spectra. Since MEGa-ray sources are being developed for precision applications such as nuclear resonance fluorescence, assessing spectral broadening mechanisms is essential. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

THP182	Overview of Current Progress on the LLNL Nuclear Photonics Facility and Mono-energetic Gamma-ray Source	2456
	F.V. Hartemann, F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, C.P.J. Barty, A.J. Bayramian, R.R. Cross, C.A. Ebbers, D.J. Gibson, T.L. Houck, R.A. Marsh, D.P. McNabb, M. J. Messerly, C. Siders LLNL, Livermore, California, USA C. Adolphsen, T.S. Chu, E.N. Jongewaard, T.O. Raubenheimer, S.G. Tantawi, A.E. Vlieks, F. Wang, J.W. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 A new class of gamma-ray light source based on Compton scattering is made possible by recent progress in accelerator physics and laser technology. Mono-energetic gamma-rays are produced from collisions between a high-brightness, relativistic electron beam and a high intensity laser pulse produced via chirped-pulse amplification (CPA). A precision, tunable gamma-ray source driven by a compact, high-gradient X-band linac is currently under development and construction at LLNL. High-brightness, relativistic electron bunches produced by an X-band linear accelerator designed in collaboration with SLAC will interact with a Joule-class, 10 ps, diode-pumped CPA laser pulse to generate tunable gamma-rays in the 0.5-2.5 MeV photon energy range via Compton scattering. The source will be used to conduct nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments and address a broad range of current and emerging applications in nuclear photoscience. Users include homeland security, stockpile science and surveillance, nuclear fuel assay, and waste imaging and assay. The source design, key parameters, and current status are presented, along with important applications.

THP183	Measurement of Femtosecond LCLS Bunches Using the SLAC A-line Spectrometer*	2459
	Z. Huang, A. Baker, M. Boyes, J. Craft, F.-J. Decker, Y.T. Ding, P. Emma, J.C. Frisch, R.H. Iverson, J.J. Lipari, H. Loos, D.R. Walz SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA C. Behrens DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	We describe a novel technique and the preliminary experimental results to measure the ultrashort bunch length produced by the LCLS low-charge, highly compressed electron bunch. The technique involves adjusting the LCLS second bunch compressor followed by running the bunch on an rf zero-crossing phase of the final 550-m of linac. As a result, the time coordinate of the bunch is directly mapped onto the energy coordinate at the end of the linac. A high-resolution energy spectrometer located at an existing transport line (A-line) is then commissioned to image the energy profile of the bunch in order to retrieve its temporal information. We present measurements of the single-digit femtosecond LCLS bunch length using the A-line as a spectrometer and compare the results with the transverse cavity measurement as well as numerical simulations.

THP184	Tuning of the LCLS Linac for User Operation	2462
	H. Loos, R. Akre, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, Y.T. Ding, P. Emma, A.S. Fisher, J.C. Frisch, A. Gilevich, P. Hering, Z. Huang, R.H. Iverson, N. Lipkowitz, H.-D. Nuhn, D.F. Ratner, J.A. Rzepiela, T.J. Smith, J.L. Turner, J.J. Welch, W.E. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. With the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) now in its third user run, reliable electron beam delivery at various beam energies and charge levels has become of high operational importance. In order to reduce the beam tuning time required for such changes, several diagnostics and feed-forward procedures have been implemented. We report on improved lattice diagnostics to detect magnet, model, and diagnostics errors as well as on measurements of transverse RF kicks and static field contributions and corresponding correction procedures to facilitate beam energy changes.

Paper

Title

Page

Design of the MAX IV Ring Injector and SPF/FEL Driver

2447

S. Thorin, M. Eriksson, M.A.G. Johansson, D. Kumbaro, F. Lindau, L. Malmgren, J.H. Modéer, M. Sjöström, S. Werin
MAX-lab, Lund, Sweden
D. Angal-Kalinin, J.W. McKenzie, B.L. Militsyn, P.H. Williams
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

The MAX IV linac will be used both for injection and top up into two storage rings, and as a high brightness injector for a Short Pulse Facility (SPF) and an FEL (in phase 2). Compression is done in two double achromats with positive R56. The natural second order momentum compaction, T566, from the achromats is used together with weak sextupoles to linearise longitudinal phase space, leaving no need for a linearising harmonic cavity. The design of the linac focuses on flexibility, simplicity and stability, while keeping the costs low. The accelerator structures have been ordered, as well as modulator/klystrons. The linac will be the first accelerator to be assembled and commissioned in the MAX IV project, starting mid 2012.

THP180

Studies of a Linac Driver for a High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL

2450

M. Venturini, J.N. Corlett, L.R. Doolittle, D. Filippetto, C. F. Papadopoulos, G. Penn, D. Prosnitz, J. Qiang, M.W. Reinsch, R.D. Ryne, F. Sannibale, J.W. Staples, R.P. Wells, J.S. Wurtele, M.S. Zolotorev
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, USA

Funding: Work carried out under Department of Energy contract No. DE-AC02-0SCK11231
We report on on-going studies of a superconducting CW linac driver intended to support a high repetition rate FEL operating in the soft x-rays spectrum. We present a point-design for a 1.8 GeV machine tuned for 300~pC bunches and delivering low-emittance, low-energy spread beams as needed for the SASE and seeded beamlines.

THP181

Low Intensity Nonlinear Effects in Compton Scattering Sources

2453

F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, C.P.J. Barty, M. Betts, R.R. Cross, C.A. Ebbers, D.J. Gibson, F.V. Hartemann, T.L. Houck, R.A. Marsh, M. J. Messerly, C. Siders, S.S.Q. Wu
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

The design and optimization of a Mono-Energetic Gamma-Ray (MEGa-Ray) Compton scattering source are presented. A new precision source with up to 2.5 MeV photon energies, enabled by state of the art laser and x-band linac technologies, is currently being built at LLNL. Various aspects of the theoretical design, including dose and brightness optimization, will be presented. In particular, while it is known that nonlinear effects occur in such light sources when the laser normalized potential is close to unity, we show that these can appear at lower values of the potential. A three dimensional analytical model and numerical benchmarks have been developed to model the source characteristics, including nonlinear spectra. Since MEGa-ray sources are being developed for precision applications such as nuclear resonance fluorescence, assessing spectral broadening mechanisms is essential.
This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

THP182

Overview of Current Progress on the LLNL Nuclear Photonics Facility and Mono-energetic Gamma-ray Source

2456

F.V. Hartemann, F. Albert, S.G. Anderson, C.P.J. Barty, A.J. Bayramian, R.R. Cross, C.A. Ebbers, D.J. Gibson, T.L. Houck, R.A. Marsh, D.P. McNabb, M. J. Messerly, C. Siders
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
C. Adolphsen, T.S. Chu, E.N. Jongewaard, T.O. Raubenheimer, S.G. Tantawi, A.E. Vlieks, F. Wang, J.W. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
A new class of gamma-ray light source based on Compton scattering is made possible by recent progress in accelerator physics and laser technology. Mono-energetic gamma-rays are produced from collisions between a high-brightness, relativistic electron beam and a high intensity laser pulse produced via chirped-pulse amplification (CPA). A precision, tunable gamma-ray source driven by a compact, high-gradient X-band linac is currently under development and construction at LLNL. High-brightness, relativistic electron bunches produced by an X-band linear accelerator designed in collaboration with SLAC will interact with a Joule-class, 10 ps, diode-pumped CPA laser pulse to generate tunable gamma-rays in the 0.5-2.5 MeV photon energy range via Compton scattering. The source will be used to conduct nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments and address a broad range of current and emerging applications in nuclear photoscience. Users include homeland security, stockpile science and surveillance, nuclear fuel assay, and waste imaging and assay. The source design, key parameters, and current status are presented, along with important applications.

THP183

Measurement of Femtosecond LCLS Bunches Using the SLAC A-line Spectrometer*

2459

Z. Huang, A. Baker, M. Boyes, J. Craft, F.-J. Decker, Y.T. Ding, P. Emma, J.C. Frisch, R.H. Iverson, J.J. Lipari, H. Loos, D.R. Walz
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
C. Behrens
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

We describe a novel technique and the preliminary experimental results to measure the ultrashort bunch length produced by the LCLS low-charge, highly compressed electron bunch. The technique involves adjusting the LCLS second bunch compressor followed by running the bunch on an rf zero-crossing phase of the final 550-m of linac. As a result, the time coordinate of the bunch is directly mapped onto the energy coordinate at the end of the linac. A high-resolution energy spectrometer located at an existing transport line (A-line) is then commissioned to image the energy profile of the bunch in order to retrieve its temporal information. We present measurements of the single-digit femtosecond LCLS bunch length using the A-line as a spectrometer and compare the results with the transverse cavity measurement as well as numerical simulations.

THP184

Tuning of the LCLS Linac for User Operation

2462

H. Loos, R. Akre, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, Y.T. Ding, P. Emma, A.S. Fisher, J.C. Frisch, A. Gilevich, P. Hering, Z. Huang, R.H. Iverson, N. Lipkowitz, H.-D. Nuhn, D.F. Ratner, J.A. Rzepiela, T.J. Smith, J.L. Turner, J.J. Welch, W.E. White, J. Wu, G. Yocky
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.
With the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) now in its third user run, reliable electron beam delivery at various beam energies and charge levels has become of high operational importance. In order to reduce the beam tuning time required for such changes, several diagnostics and feed-forward procedures have been implemented. We report on improved lattice diagnostics to detect magnet, model, and diagnostics errors as well as on measurements of transverse RF kicks and static field contributions and corresponding correction procedures to facilitate beam energy changes.