IPAC2015 - List of Authors (Gai, W.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPWA072	Emittance Exchange Beam Line Design In THU Accelerator Lab	285
	Q. Gao, H.B. Chen, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, J. Shi TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. Gai ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China Emittance exchange (EEX) provides a novel tool to enhance the phase space manipulation techniques. Based on Tsinghua Thomson scattering experimental platform, this study presented a beam line design for exchanging the transverse and longitudinal emittance of an electron bunch. This beam line consists of a 2.856 GHz half-one-half cell deflecting cavity with no axis offset and two doglegs. In this paper, by optimizing the beam envelope parameter for Tsinghua Thomson scattering source, we report the theoretical analysis and a good particle tracking simulation result about emittance exchange and longitudinal shaping.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA072
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MOPJE001	Effect on Beam Dynamics From Wakefields in Travelling Wave Structure Excited by Bunch Train	289
	D. Wang, C.-X. Tang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Electron bunch train technology is used to excited coherent high power RF radiation in travelling wave (TW) structures. This article concentrates on the analytical expression of wakefields excited by bunch train in TW structures and the effects of wakefields on beam dynamics. We focus on the first monopole mode and the first dipole mode wakefields. The long range wake function has a linear decrease which agrees well with the ABCi simulations. Taking example of the 11.7 GHz wakefields structure at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility, with 1.3 GHz interval drive electron bunch train, we have done the beam dynamics simulation with a point to point (P2P) code. Results shows the effects of wakefields on the energy distribution and the transverse instability for each sub-bunch.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE001
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MOPJE019	Categorization and Estimation of Possible Deformation in Emittance Exchange based Current Profile Shaping	317
	G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is partly supported by POSTECH BK²¹⁺ program and Argonne National Laboratory Shaping the current profile is one of the important issues in collinear wakefield acceleration. In the emittance exchange based shaping technique, the shaped current profile seriously depends on the incoming beam and beam line parameters. To design the beam and beam line properly, it is important to estimate the deformation in the shaped current profile. There are several different deformation types whose level depend on deformation parameter. We categorize the possible deformation types and observe the deformation patterns of the current profile depending on its type and the deformation parameter.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE019
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MOPJE020	High Resolution Longitudinal Property Measurement using Emittance Exchange Beam Line	320
	G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Most of longitudinal measurement techniques introduce the transverse-longitudinal correlation because it is very hard to measure the longitudinal properties directly. This correlation is necessary to observe the longitudinal property through the transverse screen, but initial transverse components of the beam restrict the measurement. It is possible to overcome this intrinsic limit using emittance exchange beam line which makes transverse properties at the downstream only depend on longitudinal properties at the upstream. We present the new idea to measure the longitudinal properties using the emittance exchange beam line and preliminary simulation results.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE020
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TUPMA042	THz Radiation Generation in a Multimode Wakefield Structure	1929
	S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.G. Fedurin BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA W. Gai, D. Wang, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy SBIR program under Contract #DE-SC0009571 A number of methods for producing sub-picosecond beam microbunching have been developed in recent years. A train of these bunches is capable of generating THz radiation via multiple mechanisms like transition, Cherenkov and undulator radiation. We utilize a bunch train with tunable spacing to selectively excite high order TM0n - like modes in a multimode structure. In this paper we present experimental results obtained at the Accelerator Test Facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPMA042
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TUPMA043	Experimental Test of Semiconductor Dechirper	1932
	S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA S. Baturin LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia M.G. Fedurin, K. Kusche, C. Swinson BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA W. Gai, S. Stoupin, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy SBIR program under Contract #DE-SC0006299 We report the observation of de-chirping of a linearly chirped (in energy) electron bunch by its passage through a 4 inch long rectangular waveguide loaded with two silicon bars 0.25 inch thick and 0.5 inch wide. Silicon being a semiconductor has a conductivity that allows it to drain the charge fast in case if some electrons get intercepted by the dechirper. At the same time the conductivity is low enough for the skin depth to be large (on the order of 1 cm) making the silicon loaded waveguide a slow wave structure supporting wakefields that dechirp the beam.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPMA043
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TUPTY072	A New ILC Positron Source Target System Using Sliding Contact Cooling	2196
	W. Gai, D.S. Doran, R.A. Erck, G.R. Fenske, V.J. Guarino, W. Liu ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	The R&D of the baseline positron source target for ILC is still ongoing after TDR due to the uncertainty of rotating vacuum seal and water cooling system of the fast spinning target wheel. Different institutes around the globe have proposed different approaches to tackle this issue. A spinning target wheel system with sliding contact cooling has been proposed by ANL. The proposed system eliminated the needs of rotating vacuum seal by using magnet bearings and vacuum compatible motor driven solid spinning wheel target. The energy deposited from positron production process is taken away via sliding cooling pads sliding against the spinning wheel. Details about this new target system are presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPTY072
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WEAD1	Commissioning and Recent Experimental Results at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility (AWA)	2472
	M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, D. Wang, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA G. Ha POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea J.H. Shao, D. Wang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The commissioning of the upgraded AWA facility has been recently completed. The L-band electron gun has been fully commissioned and has been successfully operated with its Cesium Telluride photocathode at a gradient of 80 MV/m. Single bunches of up to 100 nC, and bunch trains of up to 32 bunches have been generated. The six new pi-mode accelerating cavities bring the beam energy to 75 MeV. Initial measurements of the beam parameters have been performed. This intense beam has been used to drive high gradient wakefields in several structures. A second beamline provides electron bunches to probe the wakefields generated by the intense drive beam. One of the main goals of the facility is to generate short RF pulses with GW power levels, corresponding to accelerating gradients of hundreds of MV/m and energy gains on the order of 100 MeV per structure.
	Slides WEAD1 [2.091 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEAD1
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WEPWA034	High-charge-short-bunch Operation Possibility at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility	2572
	G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	Originally the drive beam line at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) Facility was designed to generate the high charge bunch train. However, we recently installed the double dog-leg type emittance exchange beam line which have two identical dog-leg structures. With this beam line, it is possible to compress the bunch by introducing the chicane or using single dog-leg. Simulation studies have been carried out to confirm the minimum bunch length for each charge and the emittance growth by the coherent synchrotron radiation. We present GPT simulation results to show high-charge-short-bunch operation possibility at AWA facility.
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WEPWA035	Initial EEX-based Bunch Shaping Experiment Results at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility	2575
	G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, C.-J. Jing, K.-J. Kim, W. Liu, J.G. Power, Y.-E. Sun, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski, A. Zholents ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA P. Piot Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work is partly supported by POSTECH BK²¹⁺ and Argonne National Laboratory A program is under development at Argonne National Laboratory to use an emittance exchange (EEX) beamline to perform longitudinal bunch shaping (LBS). The double dog-leg EEX beamline was recently installed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) and the goals of the proof-of-principle experiment are to demonstrate LBS and characterize its deformations from the ideal shape due to higher-order and collective effects. The LBS beamline at the AWA consists of insert-able transverse masks mounted on an actuator and four quadrupoles (to manipulate the transverse phase space) before the EEX beamline, which consists of two identical dog-legs and a deflecting cavity. The mask and input beam parameters are varied during the experiment to explore the shaping capability and clarify the deformation sources and their mitigation. Progress on the commissioning of the LBS beamline, initial experimental data and benchmarks to GPT simulations will be presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPWA035
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WEPJE020	The Two Beam Acceleration Staging Experiment at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility	2714
	C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, D. Wang, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA J. Shi TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Funding: DoE SBIR Program Staging, defined as the accelerated bunch in a wakefield accelerator continues to gain energy from sequential drive bunches, is one of the most critical technologies, yet be demonstrated, required to achieve high energy. Using the Two Beam Acceleration (TBA) beamline at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility, we will perform a staging experiment using two X-band TBA units. The experiment is planned to conduct in steps. We report on the most recent progress.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPJE020
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WEPMN015	Dark Current Imaging Experiment in an L-band RF Gun	2952
	J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, D. Wang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA F.Y. Wang, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The localized high electric field enhancement or low work function is the trigger for strong field emission, which however has yet been well experimentally studied. Using an L-band photocathode gun test stand at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility (AWA), we’ve constructed an imaging beam line to observe field emission current from predefined emitters on cathode. Preliminary experiment results are present. Future plan is discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPMN015
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WEPMN016	Observation of Dark Current Dependence on Stored Energy in an L-Band RF Gun	2956
	J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, D. Wang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA F.Y. Wang, L. Xiao SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	A pin cathode has been installed into an L-band photocathode gun to study the influence of stored energy on field emission. The stored energy was varied by tuning the recess of the cathode in order to have the same E-field on the cathode tip. We have observed 5 times difference of dark current level at the same E-field, while by varying the stored energy by three fold. Dynamics study reveals the difference is not caused by transmission, but by emission process itself. We'll present experiment results and discuss possible mechanisms about the phenomena.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPMN016
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WEPMN017	High Power RF Radiation at W-band Based on Wakefields Excited by Intense Electron Beam	2960
	D. Wang, C.-X. Tang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	We report the experiment design and preliminary results on high power RF generation at W-band based on coherent wakefields from the metallic periodic structure of 91 GHz PETS (power extraction and transfer structure), excited by intense electron beam at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. The recently output RF power is 0.7 MW, with 67 MeV, 1.4 nC single electron beam going through the structure. The RF pulse length is 3.4 ns. We measure the energy loss of electron beam as reference to the RF generation, which agrees well with the simulation results. Next run is to increase the output RF power with higher charge and to excite coherent wakefields with electron bunch train. The output RF peak power is expected to be ~100 MW and the electrical field gradient can reach up to 400 MV/m, with RF pulse duration adjustable from few ns to 30 ns when excited with 5~10 nC charge in a single bunch and up to 32 sub bunches in total.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPMN017
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WEPTY012	Multiple Scattering Effects of a Thin Beryllium Window on a Short, 2 nC, 60 MeV Bunched Electron Beam	3280
	E.E. Wisniewski, M.E. Conde, W. Gai, G. Ha, J.G. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA G. Ha POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	Funding: U.S. Dept of Energy Office of Science under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator 75 MeV drive beamline at Argonne National Laboratory has as its electron source a Cesium telluride photocathode gun with a vacuum requirement on the order of 10^-10 torr. In conflict with this, the experimental program at AWA sometimes requires beamline installation of experimental structures which due to materials and/or construction cannot meet the stringent vacuum requirement. One solution is to sequester these types of structures inside a separate vacuum chamber and inject the beam through a thin Beryllium window. The downside is that multiple scattering effects degrade the beam quality to some degree which is not well-known. This study was done in an effort to better understand and predict the multiple scattering effects of the Be thin window, particularly on the beam transverse size. The results of measurements are compared with GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations via G4beamline and analytical calculations via GPT.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPTY012
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WEPTY013	Cs2Te Photocathode Performance in the AWA High-charge High-gradient Drive Gun	3283
	E.E. Wisniewski, S.P. Antipov, M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
	Funding: U.S. Dept of Energy Office of Science under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 The unique high-charge L-band, 1.3 GHz, 1.5 cell gun for the new 75 MeV drive beam is in operation at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility (see M.E. Conde, this proceedings.) The high-field (> 80 MV/m) photoinjector has a large area, high QE Cesium telluride photocathode (diameter > 30 mm). The photocathode, a crucial component of the upgraded facility, is fabricated on-site. The photoinjector generates high-charge, short pulse, single bunches (Q > 100 nC) and long bunch-trains (Q > 600 nC) for wakefield experiments. The performance of the photocathode for the AWA drive gun is detailed. Quantum efficiency (QE) measurements indicate long, stable photocathode lifetime under demanding conditions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-WEPTY013
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Paper

Title

Page

Emittance Exchange Beam Line Design In THU Accelerator Lab

285

Q. Gao, H.B. Chen, Y.-C. Du, W.-H. Huang, J. Shi
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Gai
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Emittance exchange (EEX) provides a novel tool to enhance the phase space manipulation techniques. Based on Tsinghua Thomson scattering experimental platform, this study presented a beam line design for exchanging the transverse and longitudinal emittance of an electron bunch. This beam line consists of a 2.856 GHz half-one-half cell deflecting cavity with no axis offset and two doglegs. In this paper, by optimizing the beam envelope parameter for Tsinghua Thomson scattering source, we report the theoretical analysis and a good particle tracking simulation result about emittance exchange and longitudinal shaping.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPWA072

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MOPJE001

Effect on Beam Dynamics From Wakefields in Travelling Wave Structure Excited by Bunch Train

289

D. Wang, C.-X. Tang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Electron bunch train technology is used to excited coherent high power RF radiation in travelling wave (TW) structures. This article concentrates on the analytical expression of wakefields excited by bunch train in TW structures and the effects of wakefields on beam dynamics. We focus on the first monopole mode and the first dipole mode wakefields. The long range wake function has a linear decrease which agrees well with the ABCi simulations. Taking example of the 11.7 GHz wakefields structure at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility, with 1.3 GHz interval drive electron bunch train, we have done the beam dynamics simulation with a point to point (P2P) code. Results shows the effects of wakefields on the energy distribution and the transverse instability for each sub-bunch.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE001

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MOPJE019

Categorization and Estimation of Possible Deformation in Emittance Exchange based Current Profile Shaping

317

G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is partly supported by POSTECH BK²¹⁺ program and Argonne National Laboratory
Shaping the current profile is one of the important issues in collinear wakefield acceleration. In the emittance exchange based shaping technique, the shaped current profile seriously depends on the incoming beam and beam line parameters. To design the beam and beam line properly, it is important to estimate the deformation in the shaped current profile. There are several different deformation types whose level depend on deformation parameter. We categorize the possible deformation types and observe the deformation patterns of the current profile depending on its type and the deformation parameter.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE019

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MOPJE020

High Resolution Longitudinal Property Measurement using Emittance Exchange Beam Line

320

G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Most of longitudinal measurement techniques introduce the transverse-longitudinal correlation because it is very hard to measure the longitudinal properties directly. This correlation is necessary to observe the longitudinal property through the transverse screen, but initial transverse components of the beam restrict the measurement. It is possible to overcome this intrinsic limit using emittance exchange beam line which makes transverse properties at the downstream only depend on longitudinal properties at the upstream. We present the new idea to measure the longitudinal properties using the emittance exchange beam line and preliminary simulation results.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-MOPJE020

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TUPMA042

THz Radiation Generation in a Multimode Wakefield Structure

1929

S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.G. Fedurin
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
W. Gai, D. Wang, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Ilinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy SBIR program under Contract #DE-SC0009571
A number of methods for producing sub-picosecond beam microbunching have been developed in recent years. A train of these bunches is capable of generating THz radiation via multiple mechanisms like transition, Cherenkov and undulator radiation. We utilize a bunch train with tunable spacing to selectively excite high order TM0n - like modes in a multimode structure. In this paper we present experimental results obtained at the Accelerator Test Facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPMA042

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TUPMA043

Experimental Test of Semiconductor Dechirper

1932

S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, A. Kanareykin
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
S. Baturin
LETI, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
M.G. Fedurin, K. Kusche, C. Swinson
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
W. Gai, S. Stoupin, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the Department of Energy SBIR program under Contract #DE-SC0006299
We report the observation of de-chirping of a linearly chirped (in energy) electron bunch by its passage through a 4 inch long rectangular waveguide loaded with two silicon bars 0.25 inch thick and 0.5 inch wide. Silicon being a semiconductor has a conductivity that allows it to drain the charge fast in case if some electrons get intercepted by the dechirper. At the same time the conductivity is low enough for the skin depth to be large (on the order of 1 cm) making the silicon loaded waveguide a slow wave structure supporting wakefields that dechirp the beam.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPMA043

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TUPTY072

A New ILC Positron Source Target System Using Sliding Contact Cooling

2196

W. Gai, D.S. Doran, R.A. Erck, G.R. Fenske, V.J. Guarino, W. Liu
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

The R&D of the baseline positron source target for ILC is still ongoing after TDR due to the uncertainty of rotating vacuum seal and water cooling system of the fast spinning target wheel. Different institutes around the globe have proposed different approaches to tackle this issue. A spinning target wheel system with sliding contact cooling has been proposed by ANL. The proposed system eliminated the needs of rotating vacuum seal by using magnet bearings and vacuum compatible motor driven solid spinning wheel target. The energy deposited from positron production process is taken away via sliding cooling pads sliding against the spinning wheel. Details about this new target system are presented in this paper.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2015-TUPTY072

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WEAD1

Commissioning and Recent Experimental Results at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility (AWA)

2472

M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, D. Wang, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
G. Ha
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
J.H. Shao, D. Wang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The commissioning of the upgraded AWA facility has been recently completed. The L-band electron gun has been fully commissioned and has been successfully operated with its Cesium Telluride photocathode at a gradient of 80 MV/m. Single bunches of up to 100 nC, and bunch trains of up to 32 bunches have been generated. The six new pi-mode accelerating cavities bring the beam energy to 75 MeV. Initial measurements of the beam parameters have been performed. This intense beam has been used to drive high gradient wakefields in several structures. A second beamline provides electron bunches to probe the wakefields generated by the intense drive beam. One of the main goals of the facility is to generate short RF pulses with GW power levels, corresponding to accelerating gradients of hundreds of MV/m and energy gains on the order of 100 MeV per structure.

Slides WEAD1 [2.091 MB]

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WEPWA034

High-charge-short-bunch Operation Possibility at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility

2572

G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
W. Gai, G. Ha, K.-J. Kim, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

Originally the drive beam line at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) Facility was designed to generate the high charge bunch train. However, we recently installed the double dog-leg type emittance exchange beam line which have two identical dog-leg structures. With this beam line, it is possible to compress the bunch by introducing the chicane or using single dog-leg. Simulation studies have been carried out to confirm the minimum bunch length for each charge and the emittance growth by the coherent synchrotron radiation. We present GPT simulation results to show high-charge-short-bunch operation possibility at AWA facility.

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WEPWA035

Initial EEX-based Bunch Shaping Experiment Results at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility

2575

G. Ha, M.-H. Cho, W. Namkung
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, C.-J. Jing, K.-J. Kim, W. Liu, J.G. Power, Y.-E. Sun, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski, A. Zholents
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
C.-J. Jing
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
P. Piot
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work is partly supported by POSTECH BK²¹⁺ and Argonne National Laboratory
A program is under development at Argonne National Laboratory to use an emittance exchange (EEX) beamline to perform longitudinal bunch shaping (LBS). The double dog-leg EEX beamline was recently installed at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) and the goals of the proof-of-principle experiment are to demonstrate LBS and characterize its deformations from the ideal shape due to higher-order and collective effects. The LBS beamline at the AWA consists of insert-able transverse masks mounted on an actuator and four quadrupoles (to manipulate the transverse phase space) before the EEX beamline, which consists of two identical dog-legs and a deflecting cavity. The mask and input beam parameters are varied during the experiment to explore the shaping capability and clarify the deformation sources and their mitigation. Progress on the commissioning of the LBS beamline, initial experimental data and benchmarks to GPT simulations will be presented.

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WEPJE020

The Two Beam Acceleration Staging Experiment at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility

2714

C.-J. Jing, S.P. Antipov, A. Kanareykin, J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, J.H. Shao, D. Wang, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
J. Shi
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Funding: DoE SBIR Program
Staging, defined as the accelerated bunch in a wakefield accelerator continues to gain energy from sequential drive bunches, is one of the most critical technologies, yet be demonstrated, required to achieve high energy. Using the Two Beam Acceleration (TBA) beamline at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility, we will perform a staging experiment using two X-band TBA units. The experiment is planned to conduct in steps. We report on the most recent progress.

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WEPMN015

Dark Current Imaging Experiment in an L-band RF Gun

2952

J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, D. Wang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
F.Y. Wang, L. Xiao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The localized high electric field enhancement or low work function is the trigger for strong field emission, which however has yet been well experimentally studied. Using an L-band photocathode gun test stand at Argonne Wakefield Accelerator Facility (AWA), we’ve constructed an imaging beam line to observe field emission current from predefined emitters on cathode. Preliminary experiment results are present. Future plan is discussed.

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WEPMN016

Observation of Dark Current Dependence on Stored Energy in an L-Band RF Gun

2956

J.H. Shao, H.B. Chen, J. Shi, D. Wang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S.P. Antipov, S.V. Baryshev, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
F.Y. Wang, L. Xiao
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

A pin cathode has been installed into an L-band photocathode gun to study the influence of stored energy on field emission. The stored energy was varied by tuning the recess of the cathode in order to have the same E-field on the cathode tip. We have observed 5 times difference of dark current level at the same E-field, while by varying the stored energy by three fold. Dynamics study reveals the difference is not caused by transmission, but by emission process itself. We'll present experiment results and discuss possible mechanisms about the phenomena.

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WEPMN017

High Power RF Radiation at W-band Based on Wakefields Excited by Intense Electron Beam

2960

D. Wang, C.-X. Tang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing, J.Q. Qiu
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA
M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, G. Ha, W. Liu, J.G. Power, E.E. Wisniewski
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

We report the experiment design and preliminary results on high power RF generation at W-band based on coherent wakefields from the metallic periodic structure of 91 GHz PETS (power extraction and transfer structure), excited by intense electron beam at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility. The recently output RF power is 0.7 MW, with 67 MeV, 1.4 nC single electron beam going through the structure. The RF pulse length is 3.4 ns. We measure the energy loss of electron beam as reference to the RF generation, which agrees well with the simulation results. Next run is to increase the output RF power with higher charge and to excite coherent wakefields with electron bunch train. The output RF peak power is expected to be ~100 MW and the electrical field gradient can reach up to 400 MV/m, with RF pulse duration adjustable from few ns to 30 ns when excited with 5~10 nC charge in a single bunch and up to 32 sub bunches in total.

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WEPTY012

Multiple Scattering Effects of a Thin Beryllium Window on a Short, 2 nC, 60 MeV Bunched Electron Beam

3280

E.E. Wisniewski, M.E. Conde, W. Gai, G. Ha, J.G. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
G. Ha
POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

Funding: U.S. Dept of Energy Office of Science under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357.
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator 75 MeV drive beamline at Argonne National Laboratory has as its electron source a Cesium telluride photocathode gun with a vacuum requirement on the order of 10^-10 torr. In conflict with this, the experimental program at AWA sometimes requires beamline installation of experimental structures which due to materials and/or construction cannot meet the stringent vacuum requirement. One solution is to sequester these types of structures inside a separate vacuum chamber and inject the beam through a thin Beryllium window. The downside is that multiple scattering effects degrade the beam quality to some degree which is not well-known. This study was done in an effort to better understand and predict the multiple scattering effects of the Be thin window, particularly on the beam transverse size. The results of measurements are compared with GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations via G4beamline and analytical calculations via GPT.

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WEPTY013

Cs2Te Photocathode Performance in the AWA High-charge High-gradient Drive Gun

3283

E.E. Wisniewski, S.P. Antipov, M.E. Conde, D.S. Doran, W. Gai, C.-J. Jing, W. Liu, J.G. Power, C. Whiteford
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
S.P. Antipov, C.-J. Jing
Euclid TechLabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio, USA

Funding: U.S. Dept of Energy Office of Science under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357
The unique high-charge L-band, 1.3 GHz, 1.5 cell gun for the new 75 MeV drive beam is in operation at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility (see M.E. Conde, this proceedings.) The high-field (> 80 MV/m) photoinjector has a large area, high QE Cesium telluride photocathode (diameter > 30 mm). The photocathode, a crucial component of the upgraded facility, is fabricated on-site. The photoinjector generates high-charge, short pulse, single bunches (Q > 100 nC) and long bunch-trains (Q > 600 nC) for wakefield experiments. The performance of the photocathode for the AWA drive gun is detailed. Quantum efficiency (QE) measurements indicate long, stable photocathode lifetime under demanding conditions.

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