IPAC2014 - List of Authors (Apollonio, A.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPME045	Overview on the Design of the Machine Protection System for ESS	472
	A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Scope of the Machine Protection System (MPS) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to protect equipment located in the accelerator, target station, neutron instruments and conventional facilities, from damage induced by beam losses or malfunctioning equipment. The MPS design function is to inhibit beam production within a few microseconds for the fastest failures at a safety integrity level of SIL2 according to the IEC61508 standard. These requirements result from a hazard and risk analysis being performed for the all systems at ESS. In a next step the architecture and topology of the distributed machine interlock system has been developed and will be presented. At the same time as MPS seeks to protect equipment it must protect the beam by avoiding triggering false stops of beam production, leading to unnecessary downtime of the ESS facility.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME045
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TUPRO015	Update on Predictions for Yearly Integrated Luminosity for HL-LHC based on Expected Machine Availability	1036
	A. Apollonio, M. Jonker, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Machine availability is one of the key performance indicators to reach the ambitious goals for integrated luminosity in the post Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) era. Machine availability is even more important for the future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [1]. In this paper a Monte Carlo approach has been used to predict integrated luminosity as a function of LHC machine availability. The baseline model assumptions such as fault-time distributions and machine failure rate (number of fills with stable beams dumped after a failure / total number of fills with stable beams) were deduced from the observations during LHC operation in 2012. The predictions focus on operation after LS1 and its evolution towards HL-LHC. The extrapolation of relevant parameters impacting on machine availability is outlined and their corresponding impact on fault time distributions is discussed. Results for possible future operational scenarios are presented. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with relevant model parameters like fault time and machine failure rate is discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO015
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THPRI019	Reliability and Availability Modeling for Accelerator Driven Facilities	3803
	O. Rey Orozko, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt ESS, Lund, Sweden A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Accelerator driven facilities are and will have to be designed to a very high level of reliability and beam availability to meet expectations of the users and experiments. In order to fulfill these demanding requirements on reliability and overall beam availability, statistical models have been developed. We compare different statistical reliability models as well as tools in terms of their performance, capacity and user-friendliness. In addition we also benchmarked some of the existing models. We will present in detail a tool being used for LHC and LINAC4 which is based on the commercially available software package Isograph and a tool using Excel, which was developed in house for ESS-systems. The impact of an early reliability modeling on the design of mission critical systems will be presented as well.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI019
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THPRI020	Availability Studies for Linac4 and Machine Protection Requirements for Linac4 Commissioning	3807
	A. Apollonio, S. Gabourin, C. Martin, B. Mikulec, B. Puccio, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Linac4 is one of the key elements in the upgrade program of the LHC injector complex at CERN, assuring beams with higher bunch intensities and smaller emittance for the LHC and many other physics experiments on the CERN site. Due to the demand of continuous operation, the expected availability of Linac4 needs to be carefully studied already during its design phase. In this paper an overview of the relevant systems impacting on Linac4 machine availability is given: the various system failure modes are outlined as well as their impact on the total yearly machine downtime. Machine Protection Systems (MPS) play a significant role in reducing the risk associated to each failure mode and are therefore important for reaching the target availability. The Linac4 MPS requirements, with particular focus on the different commissioning phases, are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI020
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Paper

Title

Page

Overview on the Design of the Machine Protection System for ESS

472

A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Scope of the Machine Protection System (MPS) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) is to protect equipment located in the accelerator, target station, neutron instruments and conventional facilities, from damage induced by beam losses or malfunctioning equipment. The MPS design function is to inhibit beam production within a few microseconds for the fastest failures at a safety integrity level of SIL2 according to the IEC61508 standard. These requirements result from a hazard and risk analysis being performed for the all systems at ESS. In a next step the architecture and topology of the distributed machine interlock system has been developed and will be presented. At the same time as MPS seeks to protect equipment it must protect the beam by avoiding triggering false stops of beam production, leading to unnecessary downtime of the ESS facility.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPME045

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPRO015

Update on Predictions for Yearly Integrated Luminosity for HL-LHC based on Expected Machine Availability

1036

A. Apollonio, M. Jonker, R. Schmidt, B. Todd, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Machine availability is one of the key performance indicators to reach the ambitious goals for integrated luminosity in the post Long Shutdown 1 (LS1) era. Machine availability is even more important for the future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [1]. In this paper a Monte Carlo approach has been used to predict integrated luminosity as a function of LHC machine availability. The baseline model assumptions such as fault-time distributions and machine failure rate (number of fills with stable beams dumped after a failure / total number of fills with stable beams) were deduced from the observations during LHC operation in 2012. The predictions focus on operation after LS1 and its evolution towards HL-LHC. The extrapolation of relevant parameters impacting on machine availability is outlined and their corresponding impact on fault time distributions is discussed. Results for possible future operational scenarios are presented. Finally, a sensitivity analysis with relevant model parameters like fault time and machine failure rate is discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPRO015

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPRI019

Reliability and Availability Modeling for Accelerator Driven Facilities

3803

O. Rey Orozko, E. Bargalló, A. Nordt
ESS, Lund, Sweden
A. Apollonio, R. Schmidt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Accelerator driven facilities are and will have to be designed to a very high level of reliability and beam availability to meet expectations of the users and experiments. In order to fulfill these demanding requirements on reliability and overall beam availability, statistical models have been developed. We compare different statistical reliability models as well as tools in terms of their performance, capacity and user-friendliness. In addition we also benchmarked some of the existing models. We will present in detail a tool being used for LHC and LINAC4 which is based on the commercially available software package Isograph and a tool using Excel, which was developed in house for ESS-systems. The impact of an early reliability modeling on the design of mission critical systems will be presented as well.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI019

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPRI020

Availability Studies for Linac4 and Machine Protection Requirements for Linac4 Commissioning

3807

A. Apollonio, S. Gabourin, C. Martin, B. Mikulec, B. Puccio, J.L. Sanchez Alvarez, D. Wollmann, M. Zerlauth
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Linac4 is one of the key elements in the upgrade program of the LHC injector complex at CERN, assuring beams with higher bunch intensities and smaller emittance for the LHC and many other physics experiments on the CERN site. Due to the demand of continuous operation, the expected availability of Linac4 needs to be carefully studied already during its design phase. In this paper an overview of the relevant systems impacting on Linac4 machine availability is given: the various system failure modes are outlined as well as their impact on the total yearly machine downtime. Machine Protection Systems (MPS) play a significant role in reducing the risk associated to each failure mode and are therefore important for reaching the target availability. The Linac4 MPS requirements, with particular focus on the different commissioning phases, are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-THPRI020

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)