ICALEPCS2017 - List of Authors (Varela, F.)

Paper	Title	Page
TUCPA04	Model Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection in CERN Control Systems	265
	F.M. Tilaro, B. Bradu, M. Gonzalez-Berges, F. Varela CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M. Roshchin Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, München, Germany
	At CERN there are over 600 different industrial control systems with millions of deployed sensors and actuators and their monitoring represents a challenging and complex task. This paper describes three different mathematical approaches that have been designed and developed to detect anomalies in CERN control systems. Specifically, one of these algorithms is purely based on expert knowledge while the other two mine historical data to create a simple model of the system, which is then used to detect anomalies. The methods presented can be categorized as dynamic unsupervised anomaly detection; "dynamic" since the behaviour of the system is changing in time, "unsupervised" because they predict faults without reference to prior events. Consistent deviations from the historical evolution can be seen as warning signs of a possible future anomaly that system experts or operators need to check. The paper also presents some results, obtained from the analysis of the LHC Cryogenic system. Finally the paper briefly describes the deployment of Spark and Hadoop into the CERN environment to deal with huge datasets and to spread the computational load of the analysis across multiple nodes.
	Slides TUCPA04 [1.965 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUCPA04
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPHA049	ARES: Automatic Release Service	503
	I. Prieto Barreiro, F. Varela CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	This paper presents the Automatic RElease Service (ARES) developed by the Industrial Controls and Safety systems group at CERN. ARES provides tools and techniques to fully automate the software release procedure. The service replaces release mechanisms, which in some cases were cumbersome and error prone, by an automated procedure where the software release and publication is completed with a few mouse clicks. ARES allows optimizing the time and the work to be performed by developers in order to carry out a new release. Consequently, this enables more frequent releases and therefore a quicker reaction to user requests. The service uses standard technologies (Jenkins, Nexus, Maven, Drupal, MongoDB) to checkout, build, package and deploy software components to different repositories (Nexus, EDMS), as well as the final publication to Drupal web sites.
	Poster TUPHA049 [0.387 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUPHA049
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA009	A Homogenous Approach to CERN/vendor Collaboration Projects for Building OPC-UA Servers	1352
	B. Farnham, F. Varela, N. Ziogas CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Industrial power supplies deliver high and low voltage to a wide range of CERN's detector and accelerator components. These power supplies, sourced from external companies, are integrated into control systems via industry standard OPC servers. The servers are now being modernized. A key lesson learnt from running the previous generation of OPC servers is that vendor specific, black-box implementations can be costly in terms of support effort, particularly in diagnosing problems in large production-site deployments. This paper presents the projects producing the next generation of OPC servers; following an open, collaborative approach and a high degree of homogenization across the independent partners. The goal is to streamline development and support costs via code re-use and a template architecture. The collaborations aim to optimally combine CERN's OPC and production operations knowledge with each company's experience in integrating their hardware. This paper describes the considerations and constraints taken into account, including legal aspects, product commercialization and technical requirements to define a common collaborative approach across three hardware manufacturers.
	Poster THPHA009 [0.877 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA009
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA021	Large-Scale Upgrade Campaigns of SCADA Systems at CERN - Organisation, Tools and Lessons Learned	1384
	R. Kulaga, J.A.R. Arroyo Garcia, M. Boccioli, E. Genuardi, P. Golonka, M. Gonzalez-Berges, J-C. Tournier, F. Varela CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The paper describes planning and execution of large-scale maintenance campaigns of SCADA systems for CERN accelerator and technical infrastructure. These activities, required to keep up with the pace of development of the controlled systems and rapid evolution of software, are constrained by many factors, such as availability for operation and planned interventions on equipment. Experience gathered throughout the past ten years of maintenance campaigns for the SCADA Applications Service at CERN, covering over 230 systems distributed across almost 120 servers, is presented. Further improvements for the procedures and tools are proposed to adapt to the increasing number of applications in the service and reduce maintenance effort and required downtime.
	Poster THPHA021 [1.262 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA021
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA151	MARS: Easing Maintenance and Interventions for CERN Controls	1748
	F. Varela, U. Epting, M. Gonzalez Corral, E. Mandilara, S. Podgorski CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Industrial control systems for the CERN technical infrastructure and accelerator complex consist of a myriad of devices and components geographically distributed around the CERN facilities. In the event of an intervention in such systems, the on-call engineer or the system expert needs detailed information about the nature of the problem, e.g. what device, what problem, intervention procedures, and contextual data like the location of the device, current access conditions to this place, the list of access rights required and whether he/she is granted with these rights. This is of special relevance when the person responsible for the intervention has only limited knowledge of the control system as it is the case for some on-call services. At CERN, this information is scattered over a number of data sources. This paper presents MARS, a web-based tool designed to federate data from heterogeneous sources with the aim of providing support for interventions and maintenance activities. The information can be displayed in a single web page or be accessed through a REST API.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA151
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA162	Monitoring of CERN's Data Interchange Protocol (DIP) System	1797
	B. Copy, E. Mandilara, I. Prieto Barreiro, F. Varela CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	CERN's Data Interchange Protocol (DIP)* is a publish-subscribe middleware infrastructure developed at CERN to allow lightweight communications between distinct industrial control systems (such as detector control systems or gas control systems). DIP is a rudimentary data exchange protocol with a very flat and short learning curve and a stable specification. It also lacks support for access control, smoothing or data archiving. This paper presents a mechanism which has been implemented to keep track of every single publisher or subscriber node active in the DIP infrastructure, along with the DIP name servers supporting it. Since DIP supports more than 55,000 publications, regrouping hundreds of industrial control processes, keeping track of the system activity requires advanced visualization mechanisms (e.g. connectivity maps, live historical charts) and a scalable web-based interface** to render this information is essential. * W. Salter et al., "DIP Description" LDIWG (2004) https://edms.cern.ch/file/457113/2/DIPDescription.doc ** B. Copy et al., "MOPPC145" - ICALEPCS 2013, San Francisco, USA
	Poster THPHA162 [3.066 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA162
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA163	A Model-driven Generator to Automate the Creation of HMIs for the CERN Gas Control Systems	1801
	T. Bato, G. Thomas, F. Varela CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	A total of 33 gas control applications are currently in production in the LHC Experiments and the CERN accelerator complex. Each application contains around fifty synoptic views and hundreds of plots. In this paper, the entirely model-driven approach followed to generate all these HMIs is presented. The procedure implemented simplifies the creation of these graphical interfaces; allowing the propagation of changes to all visualizations at once in a coherent manner, thus reducing the long-term maintenance effort. The generation tool enables the creation of files of similar content based on templates, specific logic (rules) and variables written in simple user-defined XML files. This paper also presents the software design and the major evolution challenges currently faced, how the functions performed by the tool, as well as the technologies used in its implementation, have evolved while ensuring compatibility with the existing models.
	Poster THPHA163 [2.762 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA163
Export •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Model Learning Algorithms for Anomaly Detection in CERN Control Systems

265

F.M. Tilaro, B. Bradu, M. Gonzalez-Berges, F. Varela
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M. Roshchin
Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, München, Germany

At CERN there are over 600 different industrial control systems with millions of deployed sensors and actuators and their monitoring represents a challenging and complex task. This paper describes three different mathematical approaches that have been designed and developed to detect anomalies in CERN control systems. Specifically, one of these algorithms is purely based on expert knowledge while the other two mine historical data to create a simple model of the system, which is then used to detect anomalies. The methods presented can be categorized as dynamic unsupervised anomaly detection; "dynamic" since the behaviour of the system is changing in time, "unsupervised" because they predict faults without reference to prior events. Consistent deviations from the historical evolution can be seen as warning signs of a possible future anomaly that system experts or operators need to check. The paper also presents some results, obtained from the analysis of the LHC Cryogenic system. Finally the paper briefly describes the deployment of Spark and Hadoop into the CERN environment to deal with huge datasets and to spread the computational load of the analysis across multiple nodes.

Slides TUCPA04 [1.965 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUCPA04

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPHA049

ARES: Automatic Release Service

503

I. Prieto Barreiro, F. Varela
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

This paper presents the Automatic RElease Service (ARES) developed by the Industrial Controls and Safety systems group at CERN. ARES provides tools and techniques to fully automate the software release procedure. The service replaces release mechanisms, which in some cases were cumbersome and error prone, by an automated procedure where the software release and publication is completed with a few mouse clicks. ARES allows optimizing the time and the work to be performed by developers in order to carry out a new release. Consequently, this enables more frequent releases and therefore a quicker reaction to user requests. The service uses standard technologies (Jenkins, Nexus, Maven, Drupal, MongoDB) to checkout, build, package and deploy software components to different repositories (Nexus, EDMS), as well as the final publication to Drupal web sites.

Poster TUPHA049 [0.387 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUPHA049

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA009

A Homogenous Approach to CERN/vendor Collaboration Projects for Building OPC-UA Servers

1352

B. Farnham, F. Varela, N. Ziogas
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Industrial power supplies deliver high and low voltage to a wide range of CERN's detector and accelerator components. These power supplies, sourced from external companies, are integrated into control systems via industry standard OPC servers. The servers are now being modernized. A key lesson learnt from running the previous generation of OPC servers is that vendor specific, black-box implementations can be costly in terms of support effort, particularly in diagnosing problems in large production-site deployments. This paper presents the projects producing the next generation of OPC servers; following an open, collaborative approach and a high degree of homogenization across the independent partners. The goal is to streamline development and support costs via code re-use and a template architecture. The collaborations aim to optimally combine CERN's OPC and production operations knowledge with each company's experience in integrating their hardware. This paper describes the considerations and constraints taken into account, including legal aspects, product commercialization and technical requirements to define a common collaborative approach across three hardware manufacturers.

Poster THPHA009 [0.877 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA009

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA021

Large-Scale Upgrade Campaigns of SCADA Systems at CERN - Organisation, Tools and Lessons Learned

1384

R. Kulaga, J.A.R. Arroyo Garcia, M. Boccioli, E. Genuardi, P. Golonka, M. Gonzalez-Berges, J-C. Tournier, F. Varela
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The paper describes planning and execution of large-scale maintenance campaigns of SCADA systems for CERN accelerator and technical infrastructure. These activities, required to keep up with the pace of development of the controlled systems and rapid evolution of software, are constrained by many factors, such as availability for operation and planned interventions on equipment. Experience gathered throughout the past ten years of maintenance campaigns for the SCADA Applications Service at CERN, covering over 230 systems distributed across almost 120 servers, is presented. Further improvements for the procedures and tools are proposed to adapt to the increasing number of applications in the service and reduce maintenance effort and required downtime.

Poster THPHA021 [1.262 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA021

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA151

MARS: Easing Maintenance and Interventions for CERN Controls

1748

F. Varela, U. Epting, M. Gonzalez Corral, E. Mandilara, S. Podgorski
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Industrial control systems for the CERN technical infrastructure and accelerator complex consist of a myriad of devices and components geographically distributed around the CERN facilities. In the event of an intervention in such systems, the on-call engineer or the system expert needs detailed information about the nature of the problem, e.g. what device, what problem, intervention procedures, and contextual data like the location of the device, current access conditions to this place, the list of access rights required and whether he/she is granted with these rights. This is of special relevance when the person responsible for the intervention has only limited knowledge of the control system as it is the case for some on-call services. At CERN, this information is scattered over a number of data sources. This paper presents MARS, a web-based tool designed to federate data from heterogeneous sources with the aim of providing support for interventions and maintenance activities. The information can be displayed in a single web page or be accessed through a REST API.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA151

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA162

Monitoring of CERN's Data Interchange Protocol (DIP) System

1797

B. Copy, E. Mandilara, I. Prieto Barreiro, F. Varela
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

CERN's Data Interchange Protocol (DIP)* is a publish-subscribe middleware infrastructure developed at CERN to allow lightweight communications between distinct industrial control systems (such as detector control systems or gas control systems). DIP is a rudimentary data exchange protocol with a very flat and short learning curve and a stable specification. It also lacks support for access control, smoothing or data archiving. This paper presents a mechanism which has been implemented to keep track of every single publisher or subscriber node active in the DIP infrastructure, along with the DIP name servers supporting it. Since DIP supports more than 55,000 publications, regrouping hundreds of industrial control processes, keeping track of the system activity requires advanced visualization mechanisms (e.g. connectivity maps, live historical charts) and a scalable web-based interface** to render this information is essential.
* W. Salter et al., "DIP Description" LDIWG (2004) https://edms.cern.ch/file/457113/2/DIPDescription.doc
** B. Copy et al., "MOPPC145" - ICALEPCS 2013, San Francisco, USA

Poster THPHA162 [3.066 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA162

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPHA163

A Model-driven Generator to Automate the Creation of HMIs for the CERN Gas Control Systems

1801

T. Bato, G. Thomas, F. Varela
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

A total of 33 gas control applications are currently in production in the LHC Experiments and the CERN accelerator complex. Each application contains around fifty synoptic views and hundreds of plots. In this paper, the entirely model-driven approach followed to generate all these HMIs is presented. The procedure implemented simplifies the creation of these graphical interfaces; allowing the propagation of changes to all visualizations at once in a coherent manner, thus reducing the long-term maintenance effort. The generation tool enables the creation of files of similar content based on templates, specific logic (rules) and variables written in simple user-defined XML files. This paper also presents the software design and the major evolution challenges currently faced, how the functions performed by the tool, as well as the technologies used in its implementation, have evolved while ensuring compatibility with the existing models.

Poster THPHA163 [2.762 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-THPHA163

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)