IBIC2013 - List of Authors (Boland, M.J.)

Paper

Title

Page

Application of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) Photodetectors for Transverse and Longitudinal Intra-Bunch Beam Diagnostics

97

R.J. Steinhagen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M.J. Boland
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
T.G. Lucas, R.P. Rassool
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The performance reach of modern accelerators is often governed by the ability to reliably measure and control the beam stability. In high-brightness lepton and high-energy hadron accelerators the use of optical diagnostic techniques for this purpose is becoming more widespread as the required bandwidth, resolution and high RF beam power level involved limit the use of traditional electro-magnetic RF pick-up based methods. This contribution discusses the use of fibre-coupled ultra-fast Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors (MSM-PD) as an alternative, dependable means to measure signals deriving from electro-optical and synchrotron-light based diagnostics systems. It describes the beam studies performed at CERN's CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) and the Australian Synchrotron to assess the feasibility of this technology as a robust, wide-band and sensitive technique for measuring transverse intra-bunch and bunch-by-bunch beam oscillations, longitudinal beam profiles, un-bunched beam population and beam-halo profiles. The used amplification schemes, achieved sensitivities, linearity, and dynamic range of the detector setup are presented.

Poster MOPC20 [3.065 MB]

MOPF19

Injection Efficiency Monitoring System at the Australian Synchrotron

248

E.D. van Garderen, S.A. Griffiths, G. LeBlanc, S. Murphy, A. Rhyder, A. C. Starritt
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
M.J. Boland
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

The Australian Synchrotron upgraded its user mode from decay mode to top-up mode in May 2012. To monitor the beam charge passing through the accelerator systems at key transfer points the transmission efficiency system has been upgraded. The original system could only measure the efficiency of the booster to storage ring injection. The new one calculates intermediate efficiencies between six points along the injection system, from the electron gun to the booster-to-storage ring transfer line. This is helpful to diagnose in real-time shot-to-shot the performance of the pulsed magnets, ramped magnets and ramped RF systems and their associated triggers. A software-based injection efficiency interlock has also been introduced, that can inhibit the gun when the machine settings are not optimal. This article details the architecture of the injection efficiency system and lists the improvements on the machine that have been carried out to obtain high quality data.

TUPF18

Vertical Undulator Emittance Measurement: A Statistical Approach

543

K.P. Wootton, R.P. Rassool
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
M.J. Boland, B.C.C. Cowie, R.T. Dowd
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

Direct measurement of low vertical emittance in storage rings is typically achieved via interferometric techniques. Proof of low vertical emittance is demonstrated by the measurement of a null radiation field, which is also the crux of the vertical undulator emittance measurement. Here we present strategies to improve the sensitivity to low vertical emittance beams. We move away from photon spectrum analysis to a statistical analysis of undulator radiation, showing the measured increase in signal-to-background. Reproducing simulations of previous work, we demonstrate that photon beam polarisation extends the linearity of the technique by several decades in emittance. These statistical and polarisation improvements to the signal-to-background allow realistic measurement of smallest vertical emittance.

Poster TUPF18 [2.090 MB]

TUPF19

APPLE-II Undulator Magnetic Fields Characterised from Undulator Radiation

546

K.P. Wootton, R.P. Rassool
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
M.J. Boland, B.C.C. Cowie
SLSA, Clayton, Australia

The spatial profile of APPLE-II undulator radiation has been measured at high undulator deflection parameter, high harmonic and very small emittance. Undulators are typically designed to operate with small deflection parameter to push the fundamental mode to high photon energies. This unusual choice of parameters is desirable for measurement of vertical emittance with a vertical undulator. We present 1-D and 2-D measured profiles of undulator radiation, and show that this is reproduced in numerical models using the measured magnetic field of the insertion device. Importantly these measurements confirm that for these parameters, the spatial intensity distribution departs significantly from usual Gaussian approximations, instead resembling a double-slit diffraction pattern. This could be an important consideration for photon beamlines of ultimate storage ring light sources.

Poster TUPF19 [2.364 MB]

TUPF20

Low Noise and High Dynamic Range Optical Interferometer Beamsize Measurements

550

M.J. Boland
SLSA, Clayton, Australia
T.M. Mitsuhashi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
K.P. Wootton
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

The technique of optical interferometry to measure beam sizes requires a low noise and high dynamic range digitisation system to push the performance to ultra low emittance on storage rings. The next generation of camera sensor Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) promises to provide the technology to improve optical interferometry. A series of measurements was performed on the Australian Synchrotron storage ring using a sCMOS and a intensity imbalance optical interferometer. The coupling in the storage ring was varied from maximum to minimum using the skew quadrupoles and the beam size at the optical diagnostic beamline was varied from over 100 microns to around 1 micron. A comparison is made between interferometer measurements using the sCMOS with and without an intensity imbalance and with previous measurements using a CCD system.

TUBL3

A Multiband-Instability-Monitor for High-Frequency Intra-Bunch Beam Diagnostics

327

R.J. Steinhagen
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
M.J. Boland, T.G. Lucas
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

To provide the best possible luminosity, even higher beam intensities are needed in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in its injector chain. This is fundamentally limited by self-amplifying beam instabilities, intrinsic to unavoidable imperfections in accelerators. Traditionally, intra-bunch or head-tail particle motion is measured using fast digitizers, which even using state-of-the-art technology are limited in their effective intra-bunch position resolution to few tens of um in the multi-GHz regime. Oscillations at this scale cause partial or total loss of the beam due to the tight transverse constraints imposed by the LHC collimation system. To improve on the present signal processing, a prototype system has been designed, constructed and tested at the CERN Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) and later on LHC. The system splits the signal into multiple equally-spaced narrow frequency bands that are processed and analysed in parallel. Working with narrow-band signals in frequency-domain permits the use of much higher resolution analogue-to-digital-converters that can be used to resolve nm-scale particle motion already during the onset of instabilities.

Slides TUBL3 [3.165 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOPC20	Application of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) Photodetectors for Transverse and Longitudinal Intra-Bunch Beam Diagnostics	97
	R.J. Steinhagen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M.J. Boland SLSA, Clayton, Australia T.G. Lucas, R.P. Rassool The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The performance reach of modern accelerators is often governed by the ability to reliably measure and control the beam stability. In high-brightness lepton and high-energy hadron accelerators the use of optical diagnostic techniques for this purpose is becoming more widespread as the required bandwidth, resolution and high RF beam power level involved limit the use of traditional electro-magnetic RF pick-up based methods. This contribution discusses the use of fibre-coupled ultra-fast Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors (MSM-PD) as an alternative, dependable means to measure signals deriving from electro-optical and synchrotron-light based diagnostics systems. It describes the beam studies performed at CERN's CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) and the Australian Synchrotron to assess the feasibility of this technology as a robust, wide-band and sensitive technique for measuring transverse intra-bunch and bunch-by-bunch beam oscillations, longitudinal beam profiles, un-bunched beam population and beam-halo profiles. The used amplification schemes, achieved sensitivities, linearity, and dynamic range of the detector setup are presented.
	Poster MOPC20 [3.065 MB]

MOPF19	Injection Efficiency Monitoring System at the Australian Synchrotron	248
	E.D. van Garderen, S.A. Griffiths, G. LeBlanc, S. Murphy, A. Rhyder, A. C. Starritt ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia M.J. Boland SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	The Australian Synchrotron upgraded its user mode from decay mode to top-up mode in May 2012. To monitor the beam charge passing through the accelerator systems at key transfer points the transmission efficiency system has been upgraded. The original system could only measure the efficiency of the booster to storage ring injection. The new one calculates intermediate efficiencies between six points along the injection system, from the electron gun to the booster-to-storage ring transfer line. This is helpful to diagnose in real-time shot-to-shot the performance of the pulsed magnets, ramped magnets and ramped RF systems and their associated triggers. A software-based injection efficiency interlock has also been introduced, that can inhibit the gun when the machine settings are not optimal. This article details the architecture of the injection efficiency system and lists the improvements on the machine that have been carried out to obtain high quality data.

TUPF18	Vertical Undulator Emittance Measurement: A Statistical Approach	543
	K.P. Wootton, R.P. Rassool The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia M.J. Boland, B.C.C. Cowie, R.T. Dowd SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	Direct measurement of low vertical emittance in storage rings is typically achieved via interferometric techniques. Proof of low vertical emittance is demonstrated by the measurement of a null radiation field, which is also the crux of the vertical undulator emittance measurement. Here we present strategies to improve the sensitivity to low vertical emittance beams. We move away from photon spectrum analysis to a statistical analysis of undulator radiation, showing the measured increase in signal-to-background. Reproducing simulations of previous work, we demonstrate that photon beam polarisation extends the linearity of the technique by several decades in emittance. These statistical and polarisation improvements to the signal-to-background allow realistic measurement of smallest vertical emittance.
	Poster TUPF18 [2.090 MB]

TUPF19	APPLE-II Undulator Magnetic Fields Characterised from Undulator Radiation	546
	K.P. Wootton, R.P. Rassool The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia M.J. Boland, B.C.C. Cowie SLSA, Clayton, Australia
	The spatial profile of APPLE-II undulator radiation has been measured at high undulator deflection parameter, high harmonic and very small emittance. Undulators are typically designed to operate with small deflection parameter to push the fundamental mode to high photon energies. This unusual choice of parameters is desirable for measurement of vertical emittance with a vertical undulator. We present 1-D and 2-D measured profiles of undulator radiation, and show that this is reproduced in numerical models using the measured magnetic field of the insertion device. Importantly these measurements confirm that for these parameters, the spatial intensity distribution departs significantly from usual Gaussian approximations, instead resembling a double-slit diffraction pattern. This could be an important consideration for photon beamlines of ultimate storage ring light sources.
	Poster TUPF19 [2.364 MB]

TUPF20	Low Noise and High Dynamic Range Optical Interferometer Beamsize Measurements	550
	M.J. Boland SLSA, Clayton, Australia T.M. Mitsuhashi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan K.P. Wootton The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
	The technique of optical interferometry to measure beam sizes requires a low noise and high dynamic range digitisation system to push the performance to ultra low emittance on storage rings. The next generation of camera sensor Scientific CMOS (sCMOS) promises to provide the technology to improve optical interferometry. A series of measurements was performed on the Australian Synchrotron storage ring using a sCMOS and a intensity imbalance optical interferometer. The coupling in the storage ring was varied from maximum to minimum using the skew quadrupoles and the beam size at the optical diagnostic beamline was varied from over 100 microns to around 1 micron. A comparison is made between interferometer measurements using the sCMOS with and without an intensity imbalance and with previous measurements using a CCD system.

TUBL3	A Multiband-Instability-Monitor for High-Frequency Intra-Bunch Beam Diagnostics	327
	R.J. Steinhagen CERN, Geneva, Switzerland M.J. Boland, T.G. Lucas The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
	To provide the best possible luminosity, even higher beam intensities are needed in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in its injector chain. This is fundamentally limited by self-amplifying beam instabilities, intrinsic to unavoidable imperfections in accelerators. Traditionally, intra-bunch or head-tail particle motion is measured using fast digitizers, which even using state-of-the-art technology are limited in their effective intra-bunch position resolution to few tens of um in the multi-GHz regime. Oscillations at this scale cause partial or total loss of the beam due to the tight transverse constraints imposed by the LHC collimation system. To improve on the present signal processing, a prototype system has been designed, constructed and tested at the CERN Super-Proton-Synchrotron (SPS) and later on LHC. The system splits the signal into multiple equally-spaced narrow frequency bands that are processed and analysed in parallel. Working with narrow-band signals in frequency-domain permits the use of much higher resolution analogue-to-digital-converters that can be used to resolve nm-scale particle motion already during the onset of instabilities.
	Slides TUBL3 [3.165 MB]