FEL2015 - List of Authors (Raubenheimer, T.O.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOP021	LCLS-II Injector Beamline Design and RF Coupler Correction	77
	F. Zhou, D. Dowell, R.K. Li, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.F. Schmerge SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA C.E. Mitchell, C. F. Papadopoulos, F. Sannibale LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Vivoli Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: U.S. DOE contract #DE-AC02-76SF00515. LCLS-II CW injector beamline consists of a 186 MHz normal conducting (NC) RF gun for beam generation and acceleration to 750 keV, two solenoids for the beam focusing, two BPMs, 1.3 GHz NC RF buncher for bunch compression down to 3-4 ps rms, 1.3 GHz superconducting standard 8-cavity cryomodule to boost beam energy to about 98 MeV. The beamline is being optimized to accommodate all essential components and maximize beam quality. The beamline layouts and beam dynamics are presented and compared. The 3D RF field perturbation due to cavity couplers where the beam energy is very low (<1 MeV) causes significant emittance growth especially for a large-size beam. A theory of rotated fields predicted and simulations verified using a weak skew quadrupole located even a significant distance from the perturbation can completely eliminate the emittance growth. A layout for future upgrade is developed. The results are presented and analysed.
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TUP007	High Fidelity Start-to-end Numerical Particle Simulations and Performance Studies for LCLS-II	342
	G. Marcus, Y. Ding, P. Emma, Z. Huang, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA J. Qiang, M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	High fidelity numerical particle simulations that leverage a number of accelerator and FEL codes have been used to analyze the LCLS-II FEL performance. Together, the physics models that are included in these codes have been crucial in identifying, understanding, and mitigating a number of potential hazards that can adversely affect the FEL performance, some of which are discussed in papers submitted to this conference[, ]. Here, we present a broad overview of the LCLS-II FEL performance, based on these start-to-end simulations, for both the soft X-ray and hard X-ray undulators including both SASE and self-seeded operational modes. M. Venturini, et al., The microbunching instability and LCLS-II lattice design: lessons learned, FEL'15 ** Z. Zhang, et al., Microbunching-induced sidebands in a seeded free-electron laser, FEL'15
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TUP026	Measurment Uncertainties in Gas-Based Monitors for High Repetition Rate X-Ray FEL Operations	417
	Y. Feng, M.L. Campell, J. Krzywinski, E. Ortiz, T.O. Raubenheimer, M. Rowen, D.W. Schafer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Portions of this research were carried out at the LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Stanford University. Thermodynamic simulations using a finite difference method were carried out to investigate the measurement uncertainties in gas-based X-ray FEL diagnostic monitors under high repetition rate operations such as planned for the future LCLS-II soft and hard X-ray FEL's. For monitors using relatively high gas pressures for obtaining sufficient signals, the absorbed thermal power becomes non-negligible as repetition rate increases while keeping pulse energy constant. The fluctuations in the absorbed power were shown to induce significant measurements uncertainties, especially in the single-pulse mode. The magnitude of this thermal effect depends nonlinearly on the absorbed power and can be minimized by using a more efficient detection scheme in which the gas pressure can be set sufficiently low
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TUP027	Facility Upgrades for the High Harmonic Echo Program at SLAC's NLCTA	422
	B.W. Garcia, M.P. Dunning, C. Hast, E. Hemsing, T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA D. Xiang Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
	The Echo program currently underway at SLAC's NLCTA test accelerator aims to use Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) to produce considerable bunching in the electron beam at high harmonics of a 2.4um seed laser. The production of such high harmonics in the EUV wavelength range necessitates an efficient radiator and associated light diagnostics to accurately characterize and tune the echo effect. We have installed and commissioned the Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier (VISA) undulator, a strong focusing two meter long planar undulator of Halbach array design with 1.8cm period length. To characterize the output radiation, we have designed, built, and calibrated a grazing incidence EUV spectrometer which operates between 12-120nm with resolution sufficient to resolve individual harmonics. An absolute wavelength calibration is achieved by using both EEHG and High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) signals from the undulator.
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TUP056	Design Challenge and Strategy for the LCLS-II High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL Photon Stoppers	493
	Y. Feng, J.T. Delor, J. Krzywinski, P.A. Montanez, E. Ortiz, T.O. Raubenheimer, M. Rowen SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Portions of this research were carried out at the LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Stanford University. Future high repetition rate X-ray FELs such as the European XFEL and LCLS-II presents new challenges to photon diagnostics as well as essential beamline components. In addition to these devices having to sustain the high peak power of a single-pulse FEL radiation, they must also be capable of handling the enormous power density of tens to hundreds of watts over an area as small as 0.1 mm X mm. In this talk, I will discuss the potential impact of high power FEL operation on performance of a gas attenuator and the design challenges to beam intercepting components such as a collimator or stopper.
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TUP066	Benchmark of ELEGANT and IMPACT	505
	L. Wang, P. Emma, T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	The beam dynamics codes ELEGANT and IMAPCT have many users. We use these two codes for the design of LCLSII. Both codes use a 1D model for the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in bend magnets. In addition, IMPACT has a 3D space-charge model, while ELEGANT uses a 1D model. To compare the two codes, especially the space-charge effects, we systematically benchmark the two codes with different physics aspects: wakefields, CSR and space-charge forces.
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TUP067	Effect of Hot Ions in LCLC-II	508
	L. Wang, T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The ions in a linac, such as ERL, draw more attention recently. LCLSII has a long linac with 1MHz repetition rate. The ions, in general, are not deeply trapped due to the long bunch spacing. The effect of ion thermal energy becomes important in this regime. The beam dynamics with ions are studied numerically. There is a linear growth in amplitude, but not exponential growth as traditional fast ion instability. This instability set a maximum bunch-train length to limit the beam amplitude to fractional beam σ. Theoretical works are also done to compare the simulations. We also extend our works to different regimes where the motions of ions from stable to unstable.
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TUP072	Cathode Ion Bombardment in LCLS and LCLS-II RF Gun	534
	L. Wang, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, Z. Li, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.F. Schmerge, F. Zhou SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	This paper studies the ions bombardment on the cathode in the LCLS and LCLS-II gun. APEX gun is used here for LCLS-II, which will be operate at 1 MHz repetition rate. Therefore, It is important to estimate the ion bombardment. One specific PIC code is used track arbitrary particles (ions and electron here) in arbitrary 2D/3D electromagnetic field and solenoid field to estimate the possibility of ion bombardment. The LCLS gun has 1.6 cells while the LCLS-II gun (APEX gun) is a half-cell gun. The frequencies of the two guns are also quite different. These characters make the ion dynamics quite differently. We estimated the bombardment for various ion species and studied the effects RF pulse shape and RF phase
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WEP014	LCLS-II: Status of the CW X-ray FEL Upgrade to the LCLS Facility	618
	T.O. Raubenheimer SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 The LCLS-II is a CW X-ray FEL based on a 4 GeV superconducting RF linac that will upgrade the LCLS facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The upgrade is being constructed by a collaboration including ANL, Cornell, Fermilab, JLab, LBNL, and SLAC. This talk will describe the status of the LCLS-II project as well as the major technical issues and R&D to address them. Presented on behalf of the LCLS-II collaboration
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WEP025	Effect of Microbunching on Seeding Schemes for LCLS-II	639
	G. Penn, J. Qiang LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA P. Emma, E. Hemsing, Z. Huang, G. Marcus, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. External seeding and self-seeding schemes are particularly sensitive to distortions and fluctuations in the electron beam profile. Wakefields and the microbunching instability are important sources of such imperfections. Even at modest levels, their influence can degrade the spectrum and decrease the output brightness. These effects are evaluated for seeded FELs at the soft X-ray beam line of LCLS-II. FEL simulations are performed in GENESIS based on various realistic electron distributions obtained using the IMPACT tracking code. The sensitivity depends on both the seeding scheme and the output wavelength.
	Poster WEP025 [0.962 MB]
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WEP070	Start-to-End Simulation of the LCLS-II Beam Delivery System with Real Number of Electrons	714
	J. Qiang, C.E. Mitchell, C. F. Papadopoulos, M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA Y. Ding, P. Emma, Z. Huang, G. Marcus, Y. Nosochkov, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang, M. Woodley SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
	The LCLS-II as a next generation high repetition rate FEL based X-ray light source will enable significant scientific discoveries. In this paper, we report on the progress in the design of the accelerator beam delivery system through start-to-end simulations. We will present simulation results for three cases, 20 pC, 100 pC and 300 pC that are transported through the hard X-ray line and the soft X-ray line for FEL radiation.
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Paper

Title

Page

LCLS-II Injector Beamline Design and RF Coupler Correction

77

F. Zhou, D. Dowell, R.K. Li, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.F. Schmerge
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
C.E. Mitchell, C. F. Papadopoulos, F. Sannibale
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Vivoli
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: U.S. DOE contract #DE-AC02-76SF00515.
LCLS-II CW injector beamline consists of a 186 MHz normal conducting (NC) RF gun for beam generation and acceleration to 750 keV, two solenoids for the beam focusing, two BPMs, 1.3 GHz NC RF buncher for bunch compression down to 3-4 ps rms, 1.3 GHz superconducting standard 8-cavity cryomodule to boost beam energy to about 98 MeV. The beamline is being optimized to accommodate all essential components and maximize beam quality. The beamline layouts and beam dynamics are presented and compared. The 3D RF field perturbation due to cavity couplers where the beam energy is very low (<1 MeV) causes significant emittance growth especially for a large-size beam. A theory of rotated fields predicted and simulations verified using a weak skew quadrupole located even a significant distance from the perturbation can completely eliminate the emittance growth. A layout for future upgrade is developed. The results are presented and analysed.

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reference for this paper to ※ LaTeX, ※ Text, ※ IS/RefMan, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP007

High Fidelity Start-to-end Numerical Particle Simulations and Performance Studies for LCLS-II

342

G. Marcus, Y. Ding, P. Emma, Z. Huang, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
J. Qiang, M. Venturini
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

High fidelity numerical particle simulations that leverage a number of accelerator and FEL codes have been used to analyze the LCLS-II FEL performance. Together, the physics models that are included in these codes have been crucial in identifying, understanding, and mitigating a number of potential hazards that can adversely affect the FEL performance, some of which are discussed in papers submitted to this conference[*, **]. Here, we present a broad overview of the LCLS-II FEL performance, based on these start-to-end simulations, for both the soft X-ray and hard X-ray undulators including both SASE and self-seeded operational modes.
* M. Venturini, et al., The microbunching instability and LCLS-II lattice design: lessons learned, FEL'15
** Z. Zhang, et al., Microbunching-induced sidebands in a seeded free-electron laser, FEL'15

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TUP026

Measurment Uncertainties in Gas-Based Monitors for High Repetition Rate X-Ray FEL Operations

417

Y. Feng, M.L. Campell, J. Krzywinski, E. Ortiz, T.O. Raubenheimer, M. Rowen, D.W. Schafer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Portions of this research were carried out at the LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Stanford University.
Thermodynamic simulations using a finite difference method were carried out to investigate the measurement uncertainties in gas-based X-ray FEL diagnostic monitors under high repetition rate operations such as planned for the future LCLS-II soft and hard X-ray FEL's. For monitors using relatively high gas pressures for obtaining sufficient signals, the absorbed thermal power becomes non-negligible as repetition rate increases while keeping pulse energy constant. The fluctuations in the absorbed power were shown to induce significant measurements uncertainties, especially in the single-pulse mode. The magnitude of this thermal effect depends nonlinearly on the absorbed power and can be minimized by using a more efficient detection scheme in which the gas pressure can be set sufficiently low

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TUP027

Facility Upgrades for the High Harmonic Echo Program at SLAC's NLCTA

422

B.W. Garcia, M.P. Dunning, C. Hast, E. Hemsing, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
D. Xiang
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

The Echo program currently underway at SLAC's NLCTA test accelerator aims to use Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) to produce considerable bunching in the electron beam at high harmonics of a 2.4um seed laser. The production of such high harmonics in the EUV wavelength range necessitates an efficient radiator and associated light diagnostics to accurately characterize and tune the echo effect. We have installed and commissioned the Visible to Infrared SASE Amplifier (VISA) undulator, a strong focusing two meter long planar undulator of Halbach array design with 1.8cm period length. To characterize the output radiation, we have designed, built, and calibrated a grazing incidence EUV spectrometer which operates between 12-120nm with resolution sufficient to resolve individual harmonics. An absolute wavelength calibration is achieved by using both EEHG and High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) signals from the undulator.

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TUP056

Design Challenge and Strategy for the LCLS-II High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL Photon Stoppers

493

Y. Feng, J.T. Delor, J. Krzywinski, P.A. Montanez, E. Ortiz, T.O. Raubenheimer, M. Rowen
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Portions of this research were carried out at the LCLS at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS is an User Facility operated for the US DOE Office of Science by Stanford University.
Future high repetition rate X-ray FELs such as the European XFEL and LCLS-II presents new challenges to photon diagnostics as well as essential beamline components. In addition to these devices having to sustain the high peak power of a single-pulse FEL radiation, they must also be capable of handling the enormous power density of tens to hundreds of watts over an area as small as 0.1 mm X mm. In this talk, I will discuss the potential impact of high power FEL operation on performance of a gas attenuator and the design challenges to beam intercepting components such as a collimator or stopper.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ LaTeX, ※ Text, ※ IS/RefMan, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP066

Benchmark of ELEGANT and IMPACT

505

L. Wang, P. Emma, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

The beam dynamics codes ELEGANT and IMAPCT have many users. We use these two codes for the design of LCLSII. Both codes use a 1D model for the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) in bend magnets. In addition, IMPACT has a 3D space-charge model, while ELEGANT uses a 1D model. To compare the two codes, especially the space-charge effects, we systematically benchmark the two codes with different physics aspects: wakefields, CSR and space-charge forces.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ LaTeX, ※ Text, ※ IS/RefMan, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP067

Effect of Hot Ions in LCLC-II

508

L. Wang, T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The ions in a linac, such as ERL, draw more attention recently. LCLSII has a long linac with 1MHz repetition rate. The ions, in general, are not deeply trapped due to the long bunch spacing. The effect of ion thermal energy becomes important in this regime. The beam dynamics with ions are studied numerically. There is a linear growth in amplitude, but not exponential growth as traditional fast ion instability. This instability set a maximum bunch-train length to limit the beam amplitude to fractional beam σ. Theoretical works are also done to compare the simulations. We also extend our works to different regimes where the motions of ions from stable to unstable.

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ LaTeX, ※ Text, ※ IS/RefMan, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP072

Cathode Ion Bombardment in LCLS and LCLS-II RF Gun

534

L. Wang, A. Brachmann, F.-J. Decker, Z. Li, T.O. Raubenheimer, J.F. Schmerge, F. Zhou
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

This paper studies the ions bombardment on the cathode in the LCLS and LCLS-II gun. APEX gun is used here for LCLS-II, which will be operate at 1 MHz repetition rate. Therefore, It is important to estimate the ion bombardment. One specific PIC code is used track arbitrary particles (ions and electron here) in arbitrary 2D/3D electromagnetic field and solenoid field to estimate the possibility of ion bombardment. The LCLS gun has 1.6 cells while the LCLS-II gun (APEX gun) is a half-cell gun. The frequencies of the two guns are also quite different. These characters make the ion dynamics quite differently. We estimated the bombardment for various ion species and studied the effects RF pulse shape and RF phase

Export •

reference for this paper to ※ LaTeX, ※ Text, ※ IS/RefMan, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEP014

LCLS-II: Status of the CW X-ray FEL Upgrade to the LCLS Facility

618

T.O. Raubenheimer
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-76SF00515
The LCLS-II is a CW X-ray FEL based on a 4 GeV superconducting RF linac that will upgrade the LCLS facility at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. The upgrade is being constructed by a collaboration including ANL, Cornell, Fermilab, JLab, LBNL, and SLAC. This talk will describe the status of the LCLS-II project as well as the major technical issues and R&D to address them.
Presented on behalf of the LCLS-II collaboration

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WEP025

Effect of Microbunching on Seeding Schemes for LCLS-II

639

G. Penn, J. Qiang
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
P. Emma, E. Hemsing, Z. Huang, G. Marcus, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
External seeding and self-seeding schemes are particularly sensitive to distortions and fluctuations in the electron beam profile. Wakefields and the microbunching instability are important sources of such imperfections. Even at modest levels, their influence can degrade the spectrum and decrease the output brightness. These effects are evaluated for seeded FELs at the soft X-ray beam line of LCLS-II. FEL simulations are performed in GENESIS based on various realistic electron distributions obtained using the IMPACT tracking code. The sensitivity depends on both the seeding scheme and the output wavelength.

Poster WEP025 [0.962 MB]

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WEP070

Start-to-End Simulation of the LCLS-II Beam Delivery System with Real Number of Electrons

714

J. Qiang, C.E. Mitchell, C. F. Papadopoulos, M. Venturini
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Y. Ding, P. Emma, Z. Huang, G. Marcus, Y. Nosochkov, T.O. Raubenheimer, L. Wang, M. Woodley
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA

The LCLS-II as a next generation high repetition rate FEL based X-ray light source will enable significant scientific discoveries. In this paper, we report on the progress in the design of the accelerator beam delivery system through start-to-end simulations. We will present simulation results for three cases, 20 pC, 100 pC and 300 pC that are transported through the hard X-ray line and the soft X-ray line for FEL radiation.

Export •

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