Applications of FELs
Paper Title Page
WEPSO30 Integrating the FHI-FEL Into the FHI Research Environment - Design and Implementation Aspects 562
 
  • H. Junkes, W. Erlebach, S. Gewinner, U. Hoppe, A. Liedke, G. Meijer, W. Schöllkopf, M. Wesemann, G. von Helden
    FHI, Berlin, Germany
  • H. Bluem, D. Dowell, R. Lange, A.M.M. Todd, L.M. Young
    AES, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
  • S.B. Webb
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
 
  The new mid-infrared FEL at the Fritz-Haber-Institut (FHI) was presented at the FEL12 conference*. It will be used for spectroscopic investigations of molecules, clusters, nanoparticles and surfaces. This facility must be easy to use by the scientists at FHI, and should be seamlessly integrated into the existing research environment. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) software framework was chosen to build the FHI-FEL control system, and will also be used to interface the user systems. The graphical operator interface is based on the Control System Studio (CSS) package. It covers radiation safety monitoring as well as controlling the complete set of building automation and utility devices, regardless of their particular function. A user interface (subset of the operator interface) allows user-provided experiment-control software (KouDa, LabVIEW, Matlab) to connect with an EPICS Gateway providing secured access. The EPICS Channel Archiver continuously records selected process variable data and provides a web server offering archive and near real-time data. A sample experiment installation demonstrates how this user interface can be used efficiently.
* W. Schöllkopf et al., FIRST LASING OF THE IR FEL AT THE FRITZ-HABER-INSTITUT, BERLIN, Conference FEL12
 
 
WEPSO50 FLASH2 Beamline and Phontondiagnostics Concepts 614
 
  • E. Plönjes, B. Faatz, J. Feldhaus, M. Kuhlmann, K.I. Tiedtke, R. Treusch
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
 
  The FLASH II project will upgrade the soft X-ray free electron laser FLASH at DESY into a multi-beamline FEL user facility with the addition of a second undulator line FLASH2. The present FLASH linear accelerator will drive both undulator lines and FLASH2 will be equipped with variable-gap undulators to be able to deliver two largely independent wavelengths to user endstations at FLASH1 and FLASH2 simultaneously. A new experimental hall will offer space for up to seven user endstations, some of which will be installed permanently. The beamline system will be set up to cover a wide wavelength range with up to three beamlines capable of delivering the 5th harmonic at 0.8 nm and a fundamental in the water window while others will cover the longer wavelengths of 6 - 40 nm and beyond. Photon diagnostics have been developed for many years at FLASH and are in routine operation. Online measurements of intensity, position, wavelength, wavefront, and pulse length are optimized as well as photon beam manipulation tools such as a gas absorber and filters. Civil construction and installations of FLASH II are on-going and first beam is expected for early 2014.  
 
WEPSO56 Optical Design and Time-dependent Wavefront Propagation Simulation for a Hard X-Ray Split- and delay-unit for the European XFEL 627
 
  • S. Roling, B. Siemer, F. Wahlert, M. Wöstmann, H. Zacharias
    Universität Muenster, Physikalisches Institut, Muenster, Germany
  • S. Braun, P. Gawlitza
    Fraunhofer IWS, Dresden, Germany
  • O.V. Chubar
    BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
  • L. Samoylova, H. Sinn
    XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
  • E. Schneidmiller, M.V. Yurkov
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • F. Siewert
    HZB, Berlin, Germany
  • E. Ziegler
    ESRF, Grenoble, France
 
  For the European XFEL an x-ray split- and delay-unit (SDU) is built covering photon energies from 5 keV up to 20 keV. This SDU will enable time-resolved x-ray pump / x-ray probe experiments as well as sequential diffractive imaging on a femtosecond to picosecond time scale. The wavefront of the x-ray FEL pulses will be split by an edge of a silicon mirror coated with Mo/B4C and W/B4C multilayers. Both partial beams will then pass variable delay lines. For different wavelengths the angle of incidence onto the multilayer mirrors will be adjusted in order to match the Bragg condition. Hence, maximum delays between ± 2.5 ps at hν = 20 keV and up to ± 33 ps at hν = 5 keV will be possible. The time-dependent wave-optics simulations have been done with SRW software, for the fundamental and the 3rd harmonic. The XFEL radiation was simulated both in the Gaussian approximation as well as using an output of time-dependent SASE code FAST. Main features of the optical layout, including diffraction on the splitter edge, and optics imperfections were taken into account. Impact of these effects on the possibility to characterize spatial-temporal properties of FEL pulses are analyzed.  
 
WEPSO63 Extension of SASE Bandwidth up to 2 % as a Way to Increase Number of Indexed Images for Protein Structure Determination by Femtosecond X-Ray Nanocrystallography at the European XFEL 661
 
  • S. Serkez, V. Kocharyan, E. Saldin, I. Zagorodnov
    DESY, Hamburg, Germany
  • G. Geloni
    XFEL. EU, Hamburg, Germany
  • O. Yefanov
    CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
 
  Experiments at the LCLS confirmed the feasibility of femtosecond nanocrystallography for protein structure determination at near-atomic resolution. These experiments rely on X-ray SASE pulses with a few microradians angular spread, and about 0.2 % bandwidth. By indexing individual patterns and then summing all counts in all partial reflections for each index it is possible to extract the square modulus of the structure factor. The number of indexed images and the SASE bandwidth are linked, as an increasing number of Bragg spots per individual image requires an increasing spectral bandwidth. This calls for a few percent SASE bandwidth. Based on start-to-end simulations of the European XFEL baseline, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve up to a 10-fold increase of the electron energy chirp by strongly compressing a 0.25 nC electron bunch. This allows for data collection with a 2 % SASE bandwidth, a few mJ radiation pulse energy and a few fs-pulse duration, which would increase the efficiency of protein determination at the European XFEL. We prove this concept with simulations of photosystem-I nanocrystals, with a size of about 300 nm.  
 
WEPSO65 LEBRA Free Electron Laser as a Radiation Source for Photochemical Reactions in Living Organisms 675
 
  • F. Shishikura, K. Hayakawa, Y. Hayakawa, M. Inagaki, K. Nakao, K. Nogami, T. Sakai, T. Tanaka
    LEBRA, Funabashi, Japan
 
  The radiation sources commonly used in plant applications are commercially available lamps developed for human lighting applications (fluorescent, metal halide, high-pressure sodium, incandescent, light-emitting diode, and laser diode). In contrast, free-electron lasers (FELs) such as LEBRA-FEL produce high-energy, tunable pulse radiation and thus are promising radiation sources for photochemical research. An advantage of LEBRA-FEL is that the peak intensity ranges from 0.35 to 6.5 microns which are wavelengths coinciding with the absorption peaks of living organisms. Previously, we established a microscopic irradiation technique for delivering visible FEL light to single cells through a tapered glass rod (< 10 microns). However, it is still unclear whether LEBRA-FEL can produce sufficient radiant energy at wavelengths effective for triggering photochemical reactions in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of LEBRA-FEL in lettuce-seed germination tests. Results show promotion by red light and inhibition by far-red light, indicating that LEBRA-FEL can be used to control lettuce-seed germination.  
 
WEPSO88 High Precision Electronics for Single Pass Applications 715
 
  • M. Žnidarčič, R. Hrovatin
    I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
  • M. Satoh
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
 
  Monitoring and subsequent optimization of electron Linacs and transfer lines requires specific instrumentation for beam position data acquisition and processing. Libera Single Pass E is the newly developed instrument intended for position and charge monitoring in basic and multi-mode operation LINACs. Development, initial measurements and verification of the instrumentation performance were conducted in the Instrumentation Technologies' laboratories, followed by the characterization measurements of the unit carried out at KEK Linac facility.  
 
THICNO01
Two Color Lasing With LCLS  
 
  • F.-J. Decker, Y. Ding
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
 
  The concept and experimental results of two color lasing experiments using the self seeding chicane of LCLS will be presented  
slides icon Slides THICNO01 [3.949 MB]  
 
THICNO02
Water-window X-ray Pulses From a Laser-plasma Driven Undulator  
 
  • A.R. Maier
    CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
 
  Laser-plasma accelerators are prominent candidates for driving next-generation light sources, promising few-fs x-ray pulses perfectly synchronized to an optical laser, thus enabling pump-probe experiments with unprecedented temporal resolution. We report on a recent experiment demonstrating undulator radiation from a laser-plasma accelerator, with photon pulses freely tunable over a range from 100 to 300 eV. Using a set of specifically designed multilayer mirrors, we can selectively choose the central photon pulse energy and bandwidth and focus the x-ray pulses on target. Assuming chirped electron bunches, as expected from laser-plasma accelerators, the pulses can be compressed to the 1 fs level and below.  
 
THOCNO01
The Perspective and Application of Extreme UV FEL at Dalian  
 
  • W.Q. Zhang, D.X. Dai, Q. Guo, G.R. Wu, C.L. Xiao, X.M. Yang
    DICP, Dalian, People's Republic of China
  • D. Wang, Z.T. Zhao
    SINAP, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
 
  Funding: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China. The contract No. is 21127902
Free electron laser, as the fourth generation of light source, has been developed for decades, the higher power, ultrafast pulse in femtosecond scale, better spectral resolution were achieved. It has been approved a powerful tool in the scientific researches, perfect complement of tabletop laser system and synchrotron light source. FEL in EUV range, especially around 100nm, is very helpful to investigate the chemical reactions in the basic energy research, because the small molecule or radical, related to combustion, can be ionized and detected efficiently and sensitively by intense EUV beam with one photon. A new project to generate EUV beam from 50 to 150 nm at Dalian, Dalian Coherent Light Source (DLCS), was advocated by Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics & Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics. The coherent optical beam with more than 100uJ per pulse will be achieved with high gain harmonic generation1 and well controlled in femtosecond time scale2. User experimental stations in the studies of molecular beams and surface dynamics will also be built at the same time. A conceptual design of DLCS and related research plans will be present at the conference.
1.Yu L, Babzien M, Ben-Zvi I, DiMauro L, Doyuran A, et al. Science 289, 932(2000)
2.Conceptual Design Report of “An Extreme-UV Coherent Light Source at Dalian”(2012)
 
slides icon Slides THOCNO01 [5.374 MB]  
 
THOCNO02
A Proposed High FLUX Ultrashort Pulse X-ray and Gamma-ray Source at JLAB FEL Facility  
 
  • S. Zhang, S.V. Benson, D. Douglas
    JLAB, Newport News, Virginia, USA
 
  Funding: This project was supported by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and by the U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC05-060R23177.
A unique opportunity exists at Jlab FEL Facility to dramatically expand its present operating wavebands into high flux X-ray and Gamma-ray regimes based on Laser Compton Scattering (LCS) process by using the world’s only operating high average power ultrashort pulse FEL and high current ERL machine in existence. The proposed project takes the advantage of our expertise acquired from the previous R&D on high-power lasers and high current ERL accelerator to design an advanced source with photon energy ranging from 10s of eV (soft X-ray) up to MeV (Gamma-ray) and high photon flux on the level of 1010~1013 photons/second. We will show the feasibility study for achieving the expected parameters under the existing machine conditions, and will investigate the possibility to further extend the photon energy and flux with practical machine upgrades and modifications. With such an addition to JLab FEL facility, its photon capability of the JLab FEL facility would cover the broadest spectrum ever, providing ultrashort optical pulses from Gamma to THz for various users. The potential benefits of source go well beyond the research interests of nuclear physics and accelerator technology.
Notice: Authored by JSA, LLC under U.S. DOE ContractNo. DE-AC05-060R23177. The U.S. Government retains non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish/reproduce this manuscript.
 
 
THOCNO03 The Potential Uses of X-ray FELs in Nuclear Studies 749
 
  • W.-T. Liao, C.H. Keitel, A. Pálffy
    MPI-K, Heidelberg, Germany
 
  X-ray FELs have the potential to allow the study of electronic-nuclear and nuclear dynamics. Observation of such interactions, and the possibility of controling them, offers the prospect of a great leap in science capability. Discussions of the possibilities are reatively recent and both FEL scientists and the potential users could benefit greatly via direct interaction at the conference.  
slides icon Slides THOCNO03 [8.591 MB]  
 
THOCNO04 Jitter-free Time Resolved Resonant CDI Experiments Using Two-color FEL Pulses Generated by the Same Electron Bunch 753
 
  • M. Zangrando, E. Allaria, F. Bencivenga, F. Capotondi, D. Castronovo, P. Cinquegrana, M.B. Danailov, G. De Ninno, A.A. Demidovich, S. Di Mitri, B. Diviacco, W.M. Fawley, E. Ferrari, L. Fröhlich, L. Giannessi, R. Ivanov, M. Kiskinova, B. Mahieu, N. Mahne, C. Masciovecchio, I. Nikolov, E. Pedersoli, G. Penco, L. Raimondi, C. Serpico, P. Sigalotti, S. Spampinati, C. Spezzani, C. Svetina, M. Trovò
    Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
  • G. De Ninno, D. Gauthier
    University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
  • D. Fausti
    Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
  • L. Giannessi
    ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
  • M. Zangrando
    IOM-CNR, Trieste, Italy
 
  The generation of two-color FEL pulses by the same electron bunch at FERMI-FEL has opened unprecedented opportunity for jitter-free FEL pump-FEL probe time resolved coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) experiments in order to access spatial aspects in dynamic processes. This possibility was first explored in proof-of-principle resonant CDI experiments using specially designed sample consisting of Ti grating. The measurements performed tuning the energies of the FEL pulses to the Ti M-absorption edge clearly demonstrated the time dependence of Ti optical constants while varying the FEL-pump intensity and probe time delay. The next planned CDI experiments in 2013 will explore transient states in multicomponent nanostructures and magnetic systems, using the controlled linear or circular polarization of the two-color FEL pulses with temporal resolution in the fs to ps range.  
slides icon Slides THOCNO04 [8.778 MB]