Mesa+, Enschede
ELETTRA, Basovizza
UT-MESA+ OS, Enschede
FERMI@Elettra is a free electron laser user facility currently under construction at Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. Its goals are to produce high-brightness, ultra-short pulses with wavelengths ranging from 100 - 20 nm (FEL1) and 40 - 4 nm (FEL2) and deliver these pulses to a wide range of user experiments. Currently, FERMI uses the HGHG technique to improve both the stability and the longitudinal and spectral coherence of the output of the laser. Direct seeding of FEL1 using a High Harmonic (HH) source is also foreseen and allows a direct comparison between the two seeding methods. For an HH source, we will use neutral atoms in a hollow waveguide in combination with coherent control of the drive laser pulse to provide wavelength tuning as well as selective enhancement of the harmonic orders. For direct seeding of FEL 2 we propose HH generation from ions in a modulated plasma waveguide. The ions allow generation of shorter wavelengths, while the modulated plasma waveguide provides a long interaction length as well as quasi-phase matching for boosting the output energy of the source. In this paper, we will present the HH source for FEL1 as well as a concept for HH seeding of FEL2.
JLAB, Newport News, Virginia
ATF, Boulder
Mesa+, Enschede
We report on the design, and broadly tunable operation, of a high average power free-electron laser using edge-outcoupling. For this type of outcoupling, the cavity mode has a larger area than the mirror diameter, and the mode ‘spills” around it. While used in positive branch unstable resonators, in this case, the resonator was in a stable configuration. Using an edge-outcoupler composed of an aluminum-coated sapphire substrate, the IR Upgrade FEL at Jefferson Lab achieved a maximum power of 260W at 3.87 microns, with an output power of 20 W or higher from 0.8 to 4.2 microns. Measurements of gain, loss, and output mode are compared with our models.
Mesa+, Enschede
Compact, slow-wave, low energy electron beam radiation sources, like Cerenkov free-electron lasers (FELs), emit high power microwaves. However, they seriously degrade in output power, when scaled towards the THz range (0.1-10 THz). This prevents industry from applying THz radiation, although it would allow many new applications, like chemical selective security surveillance. The photonic free-electron laser (pFEL) is a promising concept for a handheld, tunable and Watt-level THz laser. In a pFEL several electron beams stream through a photonic crystal (PhC) leading to the emission of coherent Cerenkov radiation. The beams emit phase-locked due to the transverse scattering inside the PhC, which allows increasing the output power by increasing the number of beams streaming through the PhC. Therefore, scaling the pFEL’s operating frequency towards THz frequencies can be done without loss in output power. Furthermore, compact, low energy electron sources (< 15 keV) can drive the laser, due to the strong deceleration of the light by PhC’s. As a proof of principle, we developed the setup for a pFEL operating at 20 GHz to study the interaction between a single electron beam and the PhC.