CYCLOTRONS 2010 - List of Authors (Jongen, Y.)

Paper

Title

Page

RF Cavity Simulations for Superconducting C400 Cyclotron

171

G.A. Karamysheva, A.A. Glazov, S. Gurskiy, N.A. Morozov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M. Abs, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for therapeutic use. ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. It is planed to use two normal conducting RF cavities for ion beam acceleration in cyclotron C400. Computer model of the double gap delta RF cavity with 4 stems was developed in is a general-purpose simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE. Necessary resonant frequency and increase of the voltage along the gaps were achieved. Optimization of the RF cavity parameters leads us to the cavity with quality factor about 14000, RF power dissipation is equal to about 50 kW per cavity.

MOPCP075

Cyclotron Vacuum Model and H⁻ Gas Stripping Losses

200

V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Mehaudens, T. Servais, T. Vanderlinden, P. Verbruggen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Many proton cyclotrons take the advantage of stripping for the extraction, by accelerating H⁻ ions. However, before extraction, the negative ion beam can suffer losses from stripping by the residual gas. The higher is the pressure, the higher the losses. Moreover, the stripped beam will be stopped on the inner wall of the cyclotron, inducing an additional degassing and increasing the pressure and hence losses in the cyclotron. For high beam current, degassing can be too large compared to the pumping capacity and the beam transmission can drop down to zero. The pressure inside the cyclotron has therefore a large impact on the current that can be extracted from the cyclotron. A simple model has been set up at IBA to determine the vacuum pressure in the hills and in the valleys of the Cyclone 70 cyclotron. The transmission is then computed by integration of the gas stripping cross-section along the ion orbits in the cyclotron. Pressure and transmission provided by the model are in good agreement with experimental data in the ARRONAX Cyclone 70 cyclotron installed in Nantes.

MOPCP098

Influence of RF Magnetic Field on Ion Dynamics in IBA C400 Cyclotron

251

E. Samsonov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
Y. Jongen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

Magnetic components of RF field in C400 cyclotron being under development by IBA makes noticeable influence on ion dynamics. In particular, increase in the dees voltage along radius leads to corresponding phase compression of a bunch. Influence of the RF magnetic field on the bunch center phase deviation during acceleration and on radial ion axial motions have been also estimated numerically. RF magnetic field changes a central ion phase by only 2° RF. Calculations have also shown that RF magnetic field makes visible but pretty small influence on the radial motion of the ions ensuring some decrease in the radial amplitudes. No visible impact of the RF magnetic field on the axial motion has been detected. The results are compared for the two RF magnetic field maps: (i) obtained by Microwave Studio and, (ii) computed from RF electric field map by means of Maxwell' equations.

TUM2CCO04

Cyclone 70 Arronax Cyclotron - Commissioning Progress Report

L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, S. Deprez, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, V. Nuttens, F. Peeters, M. Pinchart, T. Vanderlinden, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The development of the Cyclone® 70, started at the end of 2005. The installation began in March of 2008 and the testing in July of the same year. The injection phase was a rapid success leading to beam acceleration and extraction. The latter presented major hurdles that were overcome with success, notwithstanding an impact on the foreseen schedule. On one side, the alpha and proton acceleration faced a harmonic one field component primarily considered negligible during the mapping. This was resolved by shimming of the iron and the introduction of harmonic coils. Moreover, the extraction of the full alpha intensity required a redesign of the deflector which was limited by its power dissipation capabilities. On the other hand, the proton beam extraction, 750 μA at 70 MeV, was the last major hurdle, given the vacuum and outgassing levels with high intensity beams. After an important diagnostics phase and vacuum calculations, modifications were implemented aiming the full performances. Meanwhile, the ARRONAX team started their activities and produced the first radioisotopes using this unique and powerful tool set for a wide horizon of present and future nuclear medicine applications.

Slides TUM2CCO04 [4.105 MB]

FRM1CIO01

Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy

398

Y. Jongen
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.

Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO03

IBA-JINR 400 MeV/u Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadron Therapy

404

N.A. Morozov, V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
M. Abs, A. Blondin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba
IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
O. Karamyshev
JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 [1] has been designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. It will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for cancer treatment. The cyclotron construction is started this year within the framework of the ARCHADE project [2] (Caen, France). ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by the electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy of 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. The magnet yoke has a diameter of 6.6 m, the total weight of the magnet is about 700 t. The designed magnetic field corresponds to 4.5 T in the hills and 2.45 T in the valleys. Superconducting coils will be enclosed in a cryostat; all other parts of the cyclotron will be warm. Three external ion sources will be mounted on the switching magnet on the injection line located below the cyclotron. The main parameters of the cyclotron, its design, the current status of the development work on the cyclotron systems are presented.
[1] Y.Jongen et al, 'IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy', The 18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications Cyclotrons 2007, Italy 2007.
[2] http://archade.fr/

Slides FRM1CIO03 [1.996 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOPCP061	RF Cavity Simulations for Superconducting C400 Cyclotron	171
	G.A. Karamysheva, A.A. Glazov, S. Gurskiy, N.A. Morozov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M. Abs, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	Compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 has designed at IBA (Belgium) in collaboration with the JINR (Dubna). This cyclotron will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for therapeutic use. ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. It is planed to use two normal conducting RF cavities for ion beam acceleration in cyclotron C400. Computer model of the double gap delta RF cavity with 4 stems was developed in is a general-purpose simulation software CST STUDIO SUITE. Necessary resonant frequency and increase of the voltage along the gaps were achieved. Optimization of the RF cavity parameters leads us to the cavity with quality factor about 14000, RF power dissipation is equal to about 50 kW per cavity.

MOPCP075	Cyclotron Vacuum Model and H⁻ Gas Stripping Losses	200
	V. Nuttens, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Mehaudens, T. Servais, T. Vanderlinden, P. Verbruggen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Many proton cyclotrons take the advantage of stripping for the extraction, by accelerating H⁻ ions. However, before extraction, the negative ion beam can suffer losses from stripping by the residual gas. The higher is the pressure, the higher the losses. Moreover, the stripped beam will be stopped on the inner wall of the cyclotron, inducing an additional degassing and increasing the pressure and hence losses in the cyclotron. For high beam current, degassing can be too large compared to the pumping capacity and the beam transmission can drop down to zero. The pressure inside the cyclotron has therefore a large impact on the current that can be extracted from the cyclotron. A simple model has been set up at IBA to determine the vacuum pressure in the hills and in the valleys of the Cyclone 70 cyclotron. The transmission is then computed by integration of the gas stripping cross-section along the ion orbits in the cyclotron. Pressure and transmission provided by the model are in good agreement with experimental data in the ARRONAX Cyclone 70 cyclotron installed in Nantes.

MOPCP098	Influence of RF Magnetic Field on Ion Dynamics in IBA C400 Cyclotron	251
	E. Samsonov, G.A. Karamysheva, S.A. Kostromin JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia Y. Jongen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	Magnetic components of RF field in C400 cyclotron being under development by IBA makes noticeable influence on ion dynamics. In particular, increase in the dees voltage along radius leads to corresponding phase compression of a bunch. Influence of the RF magnetic field on the bunch center phase deviation during acceleration and on radial ion axial motions have been also estimated numerically. RF magnetic field changes a central ion phase by only 2° RF. Calculations have also shown that RF magnetic field makes visible but pretty small influence on the radial motion of the ions ensuring some decrease in the radial amplitudes. No visible impact of the RF magnetic field on the axial motion has been detected. The results are compared for the two RF magnetic field maps: (i) obtained by Microwave Studio and, (ii) computed from RF electric field map by means of Maxwell' equations.

TUM2CCO04	Cyclone 70 Arronax Cyclotron - Commissioning Progress Report
	L. Medeiros-Romao, M. Abs, J.L. Delvaux, S. Deprez, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, V. Nuttens, F. Peeters, M. Pinchart, T. Vanderlinden, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The development of the Cyclone® 70, started at the end of 2005. The installation began in March of 2008 and the testing in July of the same year. The injection phase was a rapid success leading to beam acceleration and extraction. The latter presented major hurdles that were overcome with success, notwithstanding an impact on the foreseen schedule. On one side, the alpha and proton acceleration faced a harmonic one field component primarily considered negligible during the mapping. This was resolved by shimming of the iron and the introduction of harmonic coils. Moreover, the extraction of the full alpha intensity required a redesign of the deflector which was limited by its power dissipation capabilities. On the other hand, the proton beam extraction, 750 μA at 70 MeV, was the last major hurdle, given the vacuum and outgassing levels with high intensity beams. After an important diagnostics phase and vacuum calculations, modifications were implemented aiming the full performances. Meanwhile, the ARRONAX team started their activities and produced the first radioisotopes using this unique and powerful tool set for a wide horizon of present and future nuclear medicine applications.
	Slides TUM2CCO04 [4.105 MB]

FRM1CIO01	Review on Cyclotrons for Cancer Therapy	398
	Y. Jongen IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
	The science and technology of proton and carbon therapy was initially developed in national and university laboratories. The first hospital based proton therapy facility was built at Loma Linda University with the help from Fermilab. After this initial phase, and starting with the tender for the proton therapy system at MGH, many proton and carbon beam facilities have been ordered from industry and built. Industrially made proton and carbon therapy facilities represent today the vast majority of the installed base.
	Slides FRM1CIO01 [2.015 MB]

FRM1CIO03	IBA-JINR 400 MeV/u Superconducting Cyclotron for Hadron Therapy	404
	N.A. Morozov, V. Aleksandrov, S. Gurskiy, G.A. Karamysheva, N.Yu. Kazarinov, S.A. Kostromin, E. Samsonov, V. Shevtsov, G. Shirkov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia M. Abs, A. Blondin, Y. Jongen, W.J.G.M. Kleeven, D. Vandeplassche, S. Zaremba IBA, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium O. Karamyshev JINR/DLNP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The compact superconducting isochronous cyclotron C400 [1] has been designed by the IBA-JINR collaboration. It will be the first cyclotron in the world capable of delivering protons, carbon and helium ions for cancer treatment. The cyclotron construction is started this year within the framework of the ARCHADE project [2] (Caen, France). ¹²C⁶⁺ and ⁴He²⁺ ions will be accelerated to 400 MeV/u energy and extracted by the electrostatic deflector, H²⁺ ions will be accelerated to the energy of 265 MeV/u and extracted by stripping. The magnet yoke has a diameter of 6.6 m, the total weight of the magnet is about 700 t. The designed magnetic field corresponds to 4.5 T in the hills and 2.45 T in the valleys. Superconducting coils will be enclosed in a cryostat; all other parts of the cyclotron will be warm. Three external ion sources will be mounted on the switching magnet on the injection line located below the cyclotron. The main parameters of the cyclotron, its design, the current status of the development work on the cyclotron systems are presented. [1] Y.Jongen et al, 'IBA C400 Cyclotron Project for Hadron Therapy', The 18th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications Cyclotrons 2007, Italy 2007. [2] http://archade.fr/
	Slides FRM1CIO03 [1.996 MB]