Cyclotrons2013 - List of Authors (Campo, D.)

Paper

Title

Page

Comparison of Superconducting 230 MeV/u Synchro- and Isochronous Cyclotron Designs for Therapy with Cyclinacs

108

A. Garonna
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
U. Amaldi, A. Laisné
TERA, Novara, Italy
L. Calabretta, D. Campo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy

Funding: This work was funded by the TERA Foundation (Novara, Italy).
This work presents new superconducting compact cyclotron designs for injection in CABOTO, a linac developed by the TERA Foundation delivering C⁶⁺/H²⁺ beams up to 400 MeV/u for ion beam therapy. Two designs are compared in an industrial perspective under the same design constraints and methods: a synchrocyclotron and an isochronous cyclotron, both at the highest possible magnetic field and with an output energy of 230 MeV/u. This energy allows us to use the cyclotron as a stand-alone accelerator for proton therapy. The synchrocyclotron design features a central magnetic field of 5 T and an axisymmetric pole and a constant field index. The beam is injected axially with a spiral inflector. Resonant extraction allows beam ejection with moderate beam losses. The RF system operates in first harmonic (180° Dee), with modulation provided by a large rotating capacitor. The isochronous cyclotron design features a 3.2 T central magnetic field, four sectors and elliptical pole gaps in the hills and in the valleys. Spiraling is minimized and beam ejection is achieved with a single electrostatic deflector placed inside an empty valley. The two RF cavities operate in fourth harmonic.

Slides MO3PB04 [4.314 MB]

WEPPT028

Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania

378

L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
R.R. Johnson
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
L. AC. Piazza
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

MOPPT016

Configurable 1 MeV Test Stand Cyclotron for High Intensity Injection System Development

67

F.S. Labrecque, F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton, L. AC. Piazza, W. Stazyk, S.L. Tarrant
BCSI, Vancouver, Canada
J.R. Alonso, D. Campo
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M.M. Maggiore
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

In order to study and optimize the ion source and injection system of our multiple cyclotron products, Best® Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI) has assembled in its Vancouver office a 1 MeV cyclotron development platform. To accommodate different injection line configurations, the main magnet median plane is vertically oriented and rail mounted which also allows easy access to the inner components. In addition, the main magnet central region is equipped with interchangeable magnetic poles, RF elements, and inflector electrodes in order to replicate the features of the simulated cyclotrons. Multiple diagnostic devices are available to fully characterize the beam along the injection line and inside the cyclotron. This paper will describe the design of two system configurations: the 60 MeV H²⁺ for the DAEΔALUS experiment (MIT, BEST, INFN-LNS) and the BCSI 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron.

WEPPT026

Cyclotron Injection Tests of High-Intensity H²⁺ Beam

372

F.S. Labrecque, B.F. Milton
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
J.R. Alonso, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
L. Calabretta, L. Celona
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
D. Winklehner
NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work funded by NSF agency, contract PHY-1148134
The IsoDAR (sterile neutrino) and DAEδALUS (CP-violation in neutrino sector) experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. The first test was completed this summer; a collaboration of MIT, BEST Cyclotrons and INFN-LNS at the BEST shops in Vancouver. The LNS Versatile Ion Source (VIS) was shipped from Catania to Vancouver, and was mounted, along with HV components and first focusing solenoid, on a test bench. In addition to the bench, BEST provided further beam line elements, instrumentation and a test cyclotron magnet for acceleration to no greater than 1 MeV/amu (to avoid any neutron production). Axial injection studies were conducted with a Catania-designed spiral inflector. Experimental configurations, beam characterization measurements, and phase acceptance and buncher efficiency studies will be reported.

WEPPT028

Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania

378

L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
R.R. Johnson
BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada
L. AC. Piazza
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

WEPPT029

The Cyclotron Complex for the DAEδALUS Experiment

381

A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
L. Calabretta
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA

The cyclotron complex for the DAEδALUS CP-Violation neutrino experiment consists of a compact cyclotron able to accelerate high-current (5 electrical milliamp) H²⁺ beams up to an energy of 60 MeV/amu, cleanly extract this beam with a conventional septum arrangement, and transport it to a superconducting ring cyclotron able to accelerate the beam up to 800 MeV/amu. H²⁺ is dissociated with thin stripping foils for efficient extraction as protons for transport to a megawatt-class target for neutrino production. The injection cyclotron will be similar to the one proposed for the IsoDAR experiment (Paper WEPPT029). The Ring cyclotron is similar in size and engineering concept to the SRC at RIKEN. Space-charge dominated beam dynamics simulations using OPAL have been performed for an 8-sector geometry, and indicate acceptable transmission and low beam losses. Subsequent engineering magnet-design studies of Minervini et al. point to a 6-sector configuration as more practical. Recalculation of the beam dynamics for this new configuration will be performed in the coming year. Results of the studies conducted to date will be presented.

WEPPT030

High Intensity Compact Cyclotron for ISODAR Experiment

384

D. Campo, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, L.M. Bartoszek, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups
MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
A. Adelmann
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
L. Calabretta, C. Cui, G. Gallo
INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
M. Shaevitz
Columbia University, New York, USA
J.J. Yang
CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China

IsoDAR is an experiment proposed to look for the existence of sterile neutrinos. These are additional neutrino states beyond the "standard" 3-nu paradigm, are predicted to exist to explain anomalies in several neutrino experiments. In IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest), electron antineutrinos produced in a target ~15 meters from a kiloton-scale detector would oscillate into and out of the sterile state within the extent of the detector, producing a sinusoidal event rate as a function of distance from the target. The nu-e-bar flux arises from decay of 8Li, produced when a high-current beam of protons or deuterons strikes a beryllium target either directly, or via secondary neutrons that interact in a large, ultra-pure 7Li sleeve surrounding the target. A compact Q/A = 0.5 cyclotron with top energy of 60 MeV/amu will be installed underground close to KamLAND. This cyclotron is a prototype for the DAEδALUS cyclotron chain (Paper WEPPT030). With a central field of 1.075T, it will operate in the 4th harmonic. Preliminary designs will be described, as well as possible solutions for transport and assembly of the machine through the very constricted access apertures of the Kamioka mine.

Paper	Title	Page
MO3PB04	Comparison of Superconducting 230 MeV/u Synchro- and Isochronous Cyclotron Designs for Therapy with Cyclinacs	108
	A. Garonna CERN, Geneva, Switzerland U. Amaldi, A. Laisné TERA, Novara, Italy L. Calabretta, D. Campo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy
	Funding: This work was funded by the TERA Foundation (Novara, Italy). This work presents new superconducting compact cyclotron designs for injection in CABOTO, a linac developed by the TERA Foundation delivering C⁶⁺/H²⁺ beams up to 400 MeV/u for ion beam therapy. Two designs are compared in an industrial perspective under the same design constraints and methods: a synchrocyclotron and an isochronous cyclotron, both at the highest possible magnetic field and with an output energy of 230 MeV/u. This energy allows us to use the cyclotron as a stand-alone accelerator for proton therapy. The synchrocyclotron design features a central magnetic field of 5 T and an axisymmetric pole and a constant field index. The beam is injected axially with a spiral inflector. Resonant extraction allows beam ejection with moderate beam losses. The RF system operates in first harmonic (180° Dee), with modulation provided by a large rotating capacitor. The isochronous cyclotron design features a 3.2 T central magnetic field, four sectors and elliptical pole gaps in the hills and in the valleys. Spiraling is minimized and beam ejection is achieved with a single electrostatic deflector placed inside an empty valley. The two RF cavities operate in fourth harmonic.
	Slides MO3PB04 [4.314 MB]

WEPPT028	Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania	378
	L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA R.R. Johnson BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada L. AC. Piazza INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

MOPPT016	Configurable 1 MeV Test Stand Cyclotron for High Intensity Injection System Development	67
	F.S. Labrecque, F.S. Grillet, B.F. Milton, L. AC. Piazza, W. Stazyk, S.L. Tarrant BCSI, Vancouver, Canada J.R. Alonso, D. Campo MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M.M. Maggiore INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	In order to study and optimize the ion source and injection system of our multiple cyclotron products, Best® Cyclotron Systems Inc. (BCSI) has assembled in its Vancouver office a 1 MeV cyclotron development platform. To accommodate different injection line configurations, the main magnet median plane is vertically oriented and rail mounted which also allows easy access to the inner components. In addition, the main magnet central region is equipped with interchangeable magnetic poles, RF elements, and inflector electrodes in order to replicate the features of the simulated cyclotrons. Multiple diagnostic devices are available to fully characterize the beam along the injection line and inside the cyclotron. This paper will describe the design of two system configurations: the 60 MeV H²⁺ for the DAEΔALUS experiment (MIT, BEST, INFN-LNS) and the BCSI 70 MeV H⁻ cyclotron.

WEPPT026	Cyclotron Injection Tests of High-Intensity H²⁺ Beam	372
	F.S. Labrecque, B.F. Milton BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada J.R. Alonso, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA L. Calabretta, L. Celona INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow UCLA, Los Angeles, USA D. Winklehner NSCL, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work funded by NSF agency, contract PHY-1148134 The IsoDAR (sterile neutrino) and DAEδALUS (CP-violation in neutrino sector) experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. The first test was completed this summer; a collaboration of MIT, BEST Cyclotrons and INFN-LNS at the BEST shops in Vancouver. The LNS Versatile Ion Source (VIS) was shipped from Catania to Vancouver, and was mounted, along with HV components and first focusing solenoid, on a test bench. In addition to the bench, BEST provided further beam line elements, instrumentation and a test cyclotron magnet for acceleration to no greater than 1 MeV/amu (to avoid any neutron production). Axial injection studies were conducted with a Catania-designed spiral inflector. Experimental configurations, beam characterization measurements, and phase acceptance and buncher efficiency studies will be reported.

WEPPT028	Proposal for High Power Cyclotrons Test Site in Catania	378
	L. Calabretta, D. Campo, L. Celona, L. Cosentino, C. Cui, G. Gallo, D. Rifuggiato INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA R.R. Johnson BCSI, Vancouver, BC, Canada L. AC. Piazza INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The IsoDAR and DAEδALUS experiments will use cyclotrons to deliver high intensity (10 mA peak current) proton beams to neutrino-producing targets. To achieve these very high currents, we plan to inject and accelerate molecular H²⁺ ions in the cyclotrons. To understand high intensity H²⁺ injection into the central region of a compact cyclotron, and to benchmark space-charge dominated simulation studies, central-region tests are being conducted. Building on the first experiments at Best Cyclotrons, Vancouver (Abstract 1261), a larger-scale test cyclotron will be built at INFN-LNS in Catania. This cyclotron will be designed for 7 MeV/n (Q/A = 0.5; H²⁺ or He⁺+). After the first year of operation dedicated at optimization of the central region for the injection of high intensity Q/A = 0.5 beams, the cyclotron will be modified to allow the acceleration of H⁻ up to an energy of 28 MeV. The main characteristics of the machine and the planned test stand will be presented.

WEPPT029	The Cyclotron Complex for the DAEδALUS Experiment	381
	A. Calanna, D. Campo, J.M. Conrad MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA L. Calabretta INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy M. Haj Tahar, F. Méot BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
	The cyclotron complex for the DAEδALUS CP-Violation neutrino experiment consists of a compact cyclotron able to accelerate high-current (5 electrical milliamp) H²⁺ beams up to an energy of 60 MeV/amu, cleanly extract this beam with a conventional septum arrangement, and transport it to a superconducting ring cyclotron able to accelerate the beam up to 800 MeV/amu. H²⁺ is dissociated with thin stripping foils for efficient extraction as protons for transport to a megawatt-class target for neutrino production. The injection cyclotron will be similar to the one proposed for the IsoDAR experiment (Paper WEPPT029). The Ring cyclotron is similar in size and engineering concept to the SRC at RIKEN. Space-charge dominated beam dynamics simulations using OPAL have been performed for an 8-sector geometry, and indicate acceptable transmission and low beam losses. Subsequent engineering magnet-design studies of Minervini et al. point to a 6-sector configuration as more practical. Recalculation of the beam dynamics for this new configuration will be performed in the coming year. Results of the studies conducted to date will be presented.

WEPPT030	High Intensity Compact Cyclotron for ISODAR Experiment	384
	D. Campo, J.R. Alonso, W.A. Barletta, L.M. Bartoszek, A. Calanna, J.M. Conrad, M. Toups MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA A. Adelmann PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland L. Calabretta, C. Cui, G. Gallo INFN/LNS, Catania, Italy R. Gutierrez-Martinez, L.A. Winslow UCLA, Los Angeles, USA M. Shaevitz Columbia University, New York, USA J.J. Yang CIAE, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	IsoDAR is an experiment proposed to look for the existence of sterile neutrinos. These are additional neutrino states beyond the "standard" 3-nu paradigm, are predicted to exist to explain anomalies in several neutrino experiments. In IsoDAR (Isotope Decay At Rest), electron antineutrinos produced in a target ~15 meters from a kiloton-scale detector would oscillate into and out of the sterile state within the extent of the detector, producing a sinusoidal event rate as a function of distance from the target. The nu-e-bar flux arises from decay of 8Li, produced when a high-current beam of protons or deuterons strikes a beryllium target either directly, or via secondary neutrons that interact in a large, ultra-pure 7Li sleeve surrounding the target. A compact Q/A = 0.5 cyclotron with top energy of 60 MeV/amu will be installed underground close to KamLAND. This cyclotron is a prototype for the DAEδALUS cyclotron chain (Paper WEPPT030). With a central field of 1.075T, it will operate in the 4th harmonic. Preliminary designs will be described, as well as possible solutions for transport and assembly of the machine through the very constricted access apertures of the Kamioka mine.