ANL, Argonne, USA
I-Tech, Solkan, Slovenia
National Instruments, Austin, USA
The APS has the largest installed base of closed-loop photon beam position monitors of any facility in the world, however many portions of the orbit control systems use aging and near-obsolete components. Substantial improvements in beam stability are planned as part of the on-going APS upgrade project. Among the planned improvements is a replacement of the present real-time feedback system using modern technology to increase the sample rate from 1.5 kHz to near 20 kHz. Because of this, new data acquisition options are being explored to support existing and new types of x-ray beam position monitors. Performance data collected from existing hardware, the APS-designed BSP-100 module, and two commercial solutions will be compared and contrasted.
ANL, Argonne, USA
The APS storage ring beam position monitor system presently is impacted by transverse electric (TE) longitudinal resonances trapped in the beam vacuum chamber. These TE-like modes are excited in the large-aperture sections and become trapped between the bellow end flanges. Ideally the chamber would be in cut-off for frequencies well above the BPM operating frequency of 352 MHz, but due to the geometry of the chamber the cut-off frequency is nominally 330 MHz. The modes are vertically-oriented and are superimposed on the beam position signals resulting in erroneous step changes in beam position measurements and systematic intensity dependence in the vertical plane. This problem places a fundamental limitation on vertical beam position monitor performance. In this paper we will discuss the mode suppression design, simulation, installation, and commissioning results of the first three sectors installed in the APS storage ring.
ANL, Argonne, USA
The APS storage ring beam position monitor (BPM) button-type pickup electrode was modeled and characterized. A pair of button electrodes above and below the accelerator midplane were simulated using CST Microwave Studio. A tilted beam of charge 1 nC was modeled using two very narrow Gaussian bunches displaced longitudinally by ±σz, where σz is the rms bunch length. Transverse displacement of the two bunches above and below the midplane was used as a proxy for beam tilt, while parallel displacement of both bunches provided sensitivity to untilted beam position offset. The voltage on the BPM buttons by the beam was simulated and processed in time and frequency domain. The voltages show sensitivity linearly proportional to the pure tilt angles, or different pure vertical offsets. By using in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) demodulation of the BPM button signal, the tilt and offset information in the hybrid situation can be separated and shows linear proportion sensitivity to tilt angles or vertical offsets, respectively.
ANL, Argonne, USA
A grazing-incidence insertion device x-ray beam position monitor (GRID-XBPM) has been under design and construction at the APS for the past two years. At an 0.85 degree grazing incidence angle, the XBPM assembly was designed to withstand two inline Undulator A devices operating at 150 mA beam current, a total power of 16 kW. We report the first x-ray beam test of the XBPM in 29ID-A, the first optical enclosure, at up to 50% of its design capacity. Thermal imaging measurements were performed for the absorber and found a maximum of ~ 15°C temperature rise on the outside surfaces of the copper chamber walls. In the direction perpendicular to the beamline aperture, the center-of-mass detectors appear to provide good beam position signals for the total undulator beam power from 17 W to 10.6 kW, covering nearly three decades. The gap-dependent offset for the XBPM is also dramatically reduced. In the direction parallel to the beamline aperture, the center-of-mass measurement is impossible and the XBPMs gain (calibration) is gap dependent. However, the reduced gap-dependent offsets will allow the XBPM to work reliably near the origin.
ANL, Argonne, USA
It has been shown that cavity BPMs are sensitive not only to beam centroid position but also longitudinal beam tilt* . Button-style BPMs also should in principle be sensitive to beam tilt that may impact their perfor- mance when used to measure the beam centroid. For the APS up- grade project, beam stability at a level better than 0.5 micron (0.1 - 200 Hz) is required. Simplified models of the button geometry are used used in the calculation and simulation. For the experiment, tilt oscillations were induced by kicking the beam vertically and letting it decohere** . Tilt oscillations were simultaneously observed using a streak camera and a specially-instrumented set of button- type BPM pickup electrodes. Experimental results are compared with calculation and simulations to quantify the impact of beam tilt on BPM centroid resolution performance.
* Marc Ross et al., RF Cavity BPMs as Beam Angle and Beam Correlation Monitors, Proc. of the PAC03, pp. 2548-2550, 2003.
** W. Guo et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10, 020701 (2007).
