IPAC2017 - List of Authors (Welsch, C.P.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPAB012	Study of the 2015 Top Energy LHC Collimation Quench Tests Through an Advanced Simulation Chain	100
SUSPSIK009	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	While the LHC has shown record-breaking perfor-mance during the 2016 run, our understanding of the behaviour of the machine must also reach new levels. The collimation system and especially the betatron cleaning insertion region (IR7), where most of the beam halo is intercepted to protect superconducting (SC) magnets from quenching, has so far met the expectations but could nonetheless pose a bottleneck for future operation at higher beam intensities for HL-LHC. A better under-standing of the collimation leakage to SC magnets is required in order to quantify potential limitations in terms of cleaning efficiency, ultimately optimising the collider capabilities. Particle tracking simulations com-bined with shower simulations represent a powerful tool for quantifying the power deposition in magnets next to the cleaning insertion. In this study, we benchmark the simulation models against beam loss monitor measure-ments from magnet quench tests (QT) with 6.5 TeV pro-ton and 6.37Z TeV Pb ion beams. In addition, we investi-gate the effect of possible imperfections on the collima-tion leakage and the power deposition in magnets.
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MOPAB127	A New Method for Emittance Reconstruction Using a Scraper in a Dispersive Region of a Low Energy Storage Ring	429
SUSPSIK081	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	J.R. Hunt, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C. Carli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland J.R. Hunt, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: Science and Technology Funding Council, UK CERN Beam scraping is a standard method for beam emittance measurements at low energies and will be applied at the Extra Low ENergy Antimatter (ELENA) ring. However, in ELENA, as in many other low energy storage rings, the scraper is located in a position of finite dispersion which poses a unique challenge when reconstructing the emittance from beam intensity data. A new algorithm for ELENA and other machines that use a scraper in a dispersive region has been developed. It combines data obtained by scraping the beam from opposite sides with information on the storage ring lattice. In this contribution, the new algorithm is presented, tested using simulations and compared with alternate methods for emittance reconstruction.
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MOPAB137	Validation of a Novel Emittance Diagnostic Method for Beams with Significant Space Charge	451
	R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.E. Conde, N.R. Neveu, J.F. Power ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA O. Mete Apsimon Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom A.G. Shkvarunets UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 624890, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1. Exact knowledge of beam emittance is of central importance for essentially every accelerator. However, there are only few methods to determine it when the beam has significant space charge. We report on our progress to validate a novel diagnostic method that has been proposed to determine the RMS emittance of an electron beam with space charge. This method uses RMS divergence and beam size data measured at a screen placed in a free drift region for selected values of magnetic focusing strength. A novel algorithm is then used to determine the cross correlation term and consequently the RMS emittance of the beam. Simulations, quadrupole scans, phase space tomography and optical diffraction-dielectric foil radiation interferometry are currently being employed to determine and compare the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) emittances of the 14 MeV witness electron beam at Argonne National Laboratory's Wakefield Accelerator. The results of simulations and current measurements are presented and the advantages of the new technique are discussed.
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MOPAB138	Comparison of Optical Transition Radiation Simulations and Theory	455
SUSPSIK082	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	J. Wolfenden, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M. Bergamaschi, P. Karataev, K.O. Kruchinin JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom M. Bergamaschi, P. Karataev, K.O. Kruchinin Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom M. Bergamaschi, R. Kieffer, T. Lefèvre CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	The majority of optical diagnostics currently used will not stand up to the requirements of the next generation of particle accelerators. Current methodologies need innovation to be able to reach the sub-micrometre resolution and sensitivity that will be required. One technique that has the potential to meet these requirements is optical transition radiation (OTR) imaging. A new algorithm is proposed which incorporates OTR theory, optical effects and beam distribution. This algorithm takes an existing method used for beam imaging and pushes the limits resolution beyond that normally attainable. In doing so, it can provide a reliable and economical diagnostic for future accelerators. A discussion on further applications of the algorithm is also presented.
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MOPAB139	A Supersonic Gas-Jet Based Beam Induced Fluorescence Prototype Monitor for Transverse Profile Determination	458
	H.D. Zhang, E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom E. Barrios Diaz, N. Chritin, O.R. Jones, G. Schneider, R. Veness CERN, Geneva, Switzerland P. Forck, S. Udrea GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Forck IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom S. Udrea TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
	Supersonic gas jets have been used in transverse beam profile monitoring as Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) and Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) monitors. The former method images ions generated by the projectile beam, whilst the latter is based on the detection of photons. This is a promising technology for use in high energy accelerators, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HLLHC). In this paper, the suitability of a supersonic gas jet in combination with a BIF detection system for the measurement of the transverse beam profile of a low energy electron beam is discussed. The technical layout and experimental results from measurements at a test installation at the Cockcroft Institute are also presented.
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TUXB1	Non-destructive Beam Profile Monitors	1234
	C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	This paper will present an overview and comparison between beam induced fluorescence, residual gas ionization and gas jet based beam profile monitors, based on recent experimental and theoretical results at different labs. The achievable image/profile quality and resolution limits will be discussed, along with design consideration for different particle species and primary beam energies. Details may be provided about different classic and novel approaches to gas jet shaping, including nozzle-skimmer and Freznel Zone Plate configurations. Finally, particular challenges such as those arising from monitoring multiple beams in parallel (e.g. proton and electron beam in HLLHC) and solutions for targeting the energy limit within the HLLHC project will be presented.
	Slides TUXB1 [12.557 MB]
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TUOBB3	HORIZON 2020 EuPRAXIA Design Study	1265
	P.A. Walker, R.W. Aßmann, J. Bödewadt, R. Brinkmann, J. Dale, U. Dorda, A. Ferran Pousa, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, O. S. Kononenko, C. Lechner, B. Marchetti, A. Martinez de la Ossa, T.J. Mehrling, P. Niknejadi, J. Osterhoff, K. Poder, E.N. Svystun, G.E. Tauscher, M.K. Weikum, J. Zhu DESY, Hamburg, Germany D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, F.G. Bisesto, E. Chiadroni, M. Croia, M. Ferrario, F. Filippi, A. Gallo, A. Mostacci, R. Pompili, S. Romeo, J. Scifo, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy A.S. Alexandrova, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom A.S. Alexandrova, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom N.E. Andreev, D. Pugacheva JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia T. Audet, B. Cros, G. Maynard CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France A. Bacci, D. Giove, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy I.F. Barna, M.A. Pocsai Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary A. Beaton, P. Delinikolas, B. Hidding, D.A. Jaroszynski, F.Y. Li, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, Z.M. Sheng, M.K. Weikum USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom A. Beck, A. Specka LLR, Palaiseau, France A. Beluze, M. Mathieu, D.N. Papadopoulos LULI, Palaiseau, France A. Bernhard, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany S. Bielawski PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France F. Brandi, G. Bussolino, L.A. Gizzi, P. Koester, B. Patrizi, G. Toci, M. Vannini INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy O. Bringer, A. Chancé, O. Delferrière, J. Fils, D. Garzella, P. Gastinel, X. Li, A. Mosnier, P.A.P. Nghiem, J. Schwindling, C. Simon CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France M. Büscher, A. Lehrach FZJ, Jülich, Germany M. Chen, L. Yu Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China A. Cianchi Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy J.A. Clarke, N. Thompson STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom M.-E. Couprie SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France G. Dattoli, F. Nguyen ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy N. Delerue LAL, Orsay, France J.M. Dias, R.A. Fonseca, J.L. Martins, L.O. Silva, U. Sinha, J. Vieira IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal K. Ertel, M. Galimberti, R. Pattathil, D. Symes STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom J. Fils GSI, Darmstadt, Germany A. Giribono INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy L.A. Gizzi INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy F.J. Grüner, A.R. Maier CFEL, Hamburg, Germany F.J. Grüner, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, O.S. Karger, A. Knetsch, A.R. Maier University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany C. Haefner LLNL, Livermore, California, USA B.J. Holzer CERN, Geneva, Switzerland S.M. Hooker University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom S.M. Hooker, R. Walczak JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom T. Hosokai Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan C. Joshi UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA M. Kaluza HIJ, Jena, Germany S. Karsch LMU, Garching, Germany E. Khazanov, I. Kostyukov IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia D. Khikhlukha, D. Kocon, G. Korn, A.Y. Molodozhentsev, L. Pribyl ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic L. Labate, P. Tomassini CNR/IPP, Pisa, Italy W. Leemans, C.B. Schroeder LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA A. Lifschitz, V. Malka, F. Massimo LOA, Palaiseau, France V. Litvinenko BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA V. Litvinenko Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA W. Lu TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China V. Malka Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France S. P. D. Mangles, Z. Najmudin, A. A. Sahai Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom A. Marocchino, A. Mostacci University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy K. Masaki, Y. Sano JAEA/Kansai, Kyoto, Japan U. Schramm HZDR, Dresden, Germany M.J.V. Streeter, A.G.R. Thomas Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom C. Szwaj PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France C.-G. Wahlstrom Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden R. Walczak Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom M. Yabashi JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan A. Zigler The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel
	The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA ('European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications') aims at producing a design report of a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams using plasma as the acceleration medium. The accelerator facility will be based on a laser and/or a beam driven plasma acceleration approach and will be used for photon science, high-energy physics (HEP) detector tests, and other applications such as compact X-ray sources for medical imaging or material processing. EuPRAXIA started in November 2015 and will deliver the design report in October 2019. EuPRAXIA aims to be included on the ESFRI roadmap in 2020.
	Slides TUOBB3 [9.269 MB]
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TUPVA034	SPS Studies in Preparation for the Crab Cavity Experiment	2133
	A. Alekou, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, H. Bartosik, R. Calaga, R. Calaga, Y. Papaphilippou, Y. Papaphilippou, Y. Papaphilippou CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Alekou, R.B. Appleby, R.B. Appleby UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom R.B. Appleby, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	A local Crab Cavity (CC) scheme will recover head-on collisions at the Interaction Points (IPs) of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), which aims to increase the LHC luminosity by a factor of 3-10. The first time that CC will ever be tested with proton beams will be in 2018 in the SPS machine. The available dedicated Machine Development (MD) time after the installation of the cavities will be limited and therefore good preparation is essential in order to ensure that the MDs are as efficient as possible. This paper presents the simulations and experimental studies performed in preparation for the future MDs and discusses the next steps.
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TUPVA134	Accelerators Validating Antimatter Physics (AVA)	2414
	C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk'odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559. Antimatter experiments are at the cutting edge of science. They are, however, very difficult to realize and have been limited by the performance of the only existing facility in the world, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN. The Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring (ELENA) will be a critical upgrade to this unique facility and commissioned from autumn 2016. This will significantly enhance the beam quality and enable new experiments. To fully exploit the discovery potential of this facility, advances are urgently required in numerical tools that can adequately model beam transport, life time and interaction, beam diagnostics tools and detectors to characterize the beam's properties, as well as in novel experiments that exploit the enhanced beam quality that ELENA will provide. AVA is a new European research and training initiative between universities, research centers and industry that will carry out R&D into ELENA and related facilities. This contribution gives an overview of the AVA research programme across its three scientific work packages.
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WEPVA020	Dual-Grating Dielectric Accelerators Driven by A Pulse-Front-Tilted Laser	3299
	Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom M.M. Dehler, E. Ferrari, N. Hiller, R. Ischebeck PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland J.D.A. Smith TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
	Dual-grating Dielectric Laser-driven Accelerators (DLAs) are considered to be one of the most promising technologies to miniaturize future particle accelerators. Accelerating gradients in the GV/m range seem accessible and 690 MV/m has been demonstrated in fused silica structures. However, the increase in beam energy is limited by the short interaction length between the laser pulses and the electron bunch. In this contribution, a pulse-front-tilt operation for a laser beam is studied to extend the interaction length, resulting in a greater energy gain for a dual-grating DLA. The VSIM code is used to compare this new scheme with the commonly used approach of a normally incident laser beam and advantages are summarized. [1]T. Plettner, et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9, 111301 (2006) [2]K. P. Wootton, et al., Opt. Lett., 41, 2696 (2016). [3]E. A. Peralta, et al., Nature 503, 91 (2013)
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THPVA136	Non-Invasive Online Beam Monitor Using LHCb VELO	4780
	R. Schnuerer The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch, S.L. Yap, H.D. Zhang Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk'odowska-Curie grant agreement No 675265 Online beam monitoring is essential for ion beam therapy to assure effective delivery of the beam and maintain patient safety for cancer treatment. One candidate for such a monitoring device is the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector. It is a position sensitive silicon detector with an advantageous semi-circular design which enables approaching the core of the beam without interfering with it. In this contribution, tests using an infrared laser to calibrate the detector and obtain information about its dynamic range, spatial and time resolution will be discussed. Initial results from using the detector at the 60 MeV proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC), UK are also presented.
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THPVA137	A Monte Carlo Approach to Imaging and Dose Simulations in Realistic Phantoms Using Compact X-Ray Source	4783
	E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	X-ray emitters are amongst the most widely used tools in medicine. Based on compact electron beams, they are utilised for a range of applications, including medical imaging and cancer treatment. The optimisation of a specific X-ray source relies on detailed simulation studies into the achievable resolution and intensity distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) codes are widely used in the medical community for dose estimation to patients and the environment. They are also ideally suited for simulating 3D intensity distributions in realistic environments. This demands accurate and reliable physical models capable of handling all components of the expected radiation field. In this paper the capabilities of the FLUKA MC code to simulate complex X-ray sources are presented. Advanced phantoms, based on imported DICOM format, are used to evaluate the dose to relevant areas, including the patient, individual organs and the treatment room. It is also shown how they can provide a good basis to reproduce radiography images by scoring photon fluencies.
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THPVA138	Optimization of Medical Accelerators within the OMA Project	4787
	C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 675265. Although significant progress has been made in the use of particle beams for cancer treatment, an extensive research and development program is still needed to maximize the healthcare benefits from these therapies. The Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) is the aim of a new European Network. OMA joins universities, research centers and clinical facilities with industry partners to address the challenges in treatment facility design and optimization, numerical simulations for the development of advanced treatment schemes, and in beam imaging and treatment monitoring. This contribution gives an overview of the 15 R&D projects that are covered within the project and reports on initial results.
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TUPVA154	Project-Based Cooperative Learning in Accelerator Science and Technology Education	2458
	G. Burt Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom R.B. Appleby, G.X. Xia UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom I.R. Bailey Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom J.A. Clarke, O.B. Malyshev, N. Marks, B.D. Muratori, M.W. Poole, Y.M. Saveliev, B.J.A. Shepherd STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom C.P. Welsch, A. Wolski The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
	Funding: The work is funded by STFC via the Cockcroft Institute core grant. The next generation of particle accelerators will require the training of greater numbers of specialist accelerator physicists and engineers . These physicists and engineers should have a broad understanding of accelerator physics as well as the technology used in particle accelerators as well as a specialist in some area of accelerator science and technology . Such specialists can be trained by combining a University based PhD, in collaboration with national laboratory training with a broad taught accelerator lecture program. In order to have a faster start we decided to run an intensive two week school to replace the basic course at the Cockcroft Institute. At the same time we decided to investigate the use of problem based learning to simulate the way accelerator science tends to work in practice. In this exercise he students worked in groups of 5 to design a 3rd generation light source from scratch based on photon light specifications. In comparison to similar design exercises we stipulate that all students must do all parts and students are not allowed to specialise. A comparison with a standard lecture based education programme is discussed in this paper.
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WEPVA066	The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System as in-Kind Contribution	3422
	E. Adli, R. Andersson, D.M. Bang, O. Dorholt, H. Gjersdal, O.M. Røhne University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom S. Joshi University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Funding: This work is part of the Norwegian in-kind contribution to ESS. The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System will image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The system will operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges: development of radiation hard photon sources, long aperture-restricted optical paths, and fast electronics to provide rapid response to beam anomalies. The newly formed accelerator group at the University of Oslo is the in-kind partner for the Imaging System. This paper outlines the main challenges of the Imaging System and how they are addressed within the collaborative nature of the in-kind project.
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Paper

Title

Page

MOPAB012

Study of the 2015 Top Energy LHC Collimation Quench Tests Through an Advanced Simulation Chain

100

SUSPSIK009

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E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
R. Bruce, F. Cerutti, A. Ferrari, P.D. Hermes, A. Lechner, A. Mereghetti, S. Redaelli, B. Salvachua, E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

While the LHC has shown record-breaking perfor-mance during the 2016 run, our understanding of the behaviour of the machine must also reach new levels. The collimation system and especially the betatron cleaning insertion region (IR7), where most of the beam halo is intercepted to protect superconducting (SC) magnets from quenching, has so far met the expectations but could nonetheless pose a bottleneck for future operation at higher beam intensities for HL-LHC. A better under-standing of the collimation leakage to SC magnets is required in order to quantify potential limitations in terms of cleaning efficiency, ultimately optimising the collider capabilities. Particle tracking simulations com-bined with shower simulations represent a powerful tool for quantifying the power deposition in magnets next to the cleaning insertion. In this study, we benchmark the simulation models against beam loss monitor measure-ments from magnet quench tests (QT) with 6.5 TeV pro-ton and 6.37Z TeV Pb ion beams. In addition, we investi-gate the effect of possible imperfections on the collima-tion leakage and the power deposition in magnets.

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MOPAB127

A New Method for Emittance Reconstruction Using a Scraper in a Dispersive Region of a Low Energy Storage Ring

429

SUSPSIK081

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J.R. Hunt, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C. Carli
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
J.R. Hunt, J. Resta-López, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: Science and Technology Funding Council, UK CERN
Beam scraping is a standard method for beam emittance measurements at low energies and will be applied at the Extra Low ENergy Antimatter (ELENA) ring. However, in ELENA, as in many other low energy storage rings, the scraper is located in a position of finite dispersion which poses a unique challenge when reconstructing the emittance from beam intensity data. A new algorithm for ELENA and other machines that use a scraper in a dispersive region has been developed. It combines data obtained by scraping the beam from opposite sides with information on the storage ring lattice. In this contribution, the new algorithm is presented, tested using simulations and compared with alternate methods for emittance reconstruction.

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MOPAB137

Validation of a Novel Emittance Diagnostic Method for Beams with Significant Space Charge

451

R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.E. Conde, N.R. Neveu, J.F. Power
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
O. Mete Apsimon
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
A.G. Shkvarunets
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA

Funding: Work supported by the EU under grant agreement 624890, the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
Exact knowledge of beam emittance is of central importance for essentially every accelerator. However, there are only few methods to determine it when the beam has significant space charge. We report on our progress to validate a novel diagnostic method that has been proposed to determine the RMS emittance of an electron beam with space charge. This method uses RMS divergence and beam size data measured at a screen placed in a free drift region for selected values of magnetic focusing strength. A novel algorithm is then used to determine the cross correlation term and consequently the RMS emittance of the beam. Simulations, quadrupole scans, phase space tomography and optical diffraction-dielectric foil radiation interferometry are currently being employed to determine and compare the horizontal (x) and vertical (y) emittances of the 14 MeV witness electron beam at Argonne National Laboratory's Wakefield Accelerator. The results of simulations and current measurements are presented and the advantages of the new technique are discussed.

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MOPAB138

Comparison of Optical Transition Radiation Simulations and Theory

455

SUSPSIK082

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

J. Wolfenden, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M. Bergamaschi, P. Karataev, K.O. Kruchinin
JAI, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
M. Bergamaschi, P. Karataev, K.O. Kruchinin
Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, United Kingdom
M. Bergamaschi, R. Kieffer, T. Lefèvre
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

The majority of optical diagnostics currently used will not stand up to the requirements of the next generation of particle accelerators. Current methodologies need innovation to be able to reach the sub-micrometre resolution and sensitivity that will be required. One technique that has the potential to meet these requirements is optical transition radiation (OTR) imaging. A new algorithm is proposed which incorporates OTR theory, optical effects and beam distribution. This algorithm takes an existing method used for beam imaging and pushes the limits resolution beyond that normally attainable. In doing so, it can provide a reliable and economical diagnostic for future accelerators. A discussion on further applications of the algorithm is also presented.

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MOPAB139

A Supersonic Gas-Jet Based Beam Induced Fluorescence Prototype Monitor for Transverse Profile Determination

458

H.D. Zhang, E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
E. Barrios Diaz, N. Chritin, O.R. Jones, G. Schneider, R. Veness
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
P. Forck, S. Udrea
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Forck
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
E. Martin, V. Tzoganis, C.P. Welsch, H.D. Zhang
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
S. Udrea
TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

Supersonic gas jets have been used in transverse beam profile monitoring as Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs) and Beam Induced Fluorescence (BIF) monitors. The former method images ions generated by the projectile beam, whilst the latter is based on the detection of photons. This is a promising technology for use in high energy accelerators, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HLLHC). In this paper, the suitability of a supersonic gas jet in combination with a BIF detection system for the measurement of the transverse beam profile of a low energy electron beam is discussed. The technical layout and experimental results from measurements at a test installation at the Cockcroft Institute are also presented.

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TUXB1

Non-destructive Beam Profile Monitors

1234

C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

This paper will present an overview and comparison between beam induced fluorescence, residual gas ionization and gas jet based beam profile monitors, based on recent experimental and theoretical results at different labs. The achievable image/profile quality and resolution limits will be discussed, along with design consideration for different particle species and primary beam energies. Details may be provided about different classic and novel approaches to gas jet shaping, including nozzle-skimmer and Freznel Zone Plate configurations. Finally, particular challenges such as those arising from monitoring multiple beams in parallel (e.g. proton and electron beam in HLLHC) and solutions for targeting the energy limit within the HLLHC project will be presented.

Slides TUXB1 [12.557 MB]

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TUOBB3

HORIZON 2020 EuPRAXIA Design Study

1265

P.A. Walker, R.W. Aßmann, J. Bödewadt, R. Brinkmann, J. Dale, U. Dorda, A. Ferran Pousa, A.F. Habib, T. Heinemann, O. S. Kononenko, C. Lechner, B. Marchetti, A. Martinez de la Ossa, T.J. Mehrling, P. Niknejadi, J. Osterhoff, K. Poder, E.N. Svystun, G.E. Tauscher, M.K. Weikum, J. Zhu
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
D. Alesini, M.P. Anania, F.G. Bisesto, E. Chiadroni, M. Croia, M. Ferrario, F. Filippi, A. Gallo, A. Mostacci, R. Pompili, S. Romeo, J. Scifo, C. Vaccarezza, F. Villa
INFN/LNF, Frascati (Roma), Italy
A.S. Alexandrova, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
A.S. Alexandrova, R.B. Fiorito, C.P. Welsch, J. Wolfenden
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
N.E. Andreev, D. Pugacheva
JIHT RAS, Moscow, Russia
T. Audet, B. Cros, G. Maynard
CNRS LPGP Univ Paris Sud, Orsay, France
A. Bacci, D. Giove, V. Petrillo, A.R. Rossi, L. Serafini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Milano, Italy
I.F. Barna, M.A. Pocsai
Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, Hungary
A. Beaton, P. Delinikolas, B. Hidding, D.A. Jaroszynski, F.Y. Li, G.G. Manahan, P. Scherkl, Z.M. Sheng, M.K. Weikum
USTRAT/SUPA, Glasgow, United Kingdom
A. Beck, A. Specka
LLR, Palaiseau, France
A. Beluze, M. Mathieu, D.N. Papadopoulos
LULI, Palaiseau, France
A. Bernhard, E. Bründermann, A.-S. Müller
KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
S. Bielawski
PhLAM/CERLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
F. Brandi, G. Bussolino, L.A. Gizzi, P. Koester, B. Patrizi, G. Toci, M. Vannini
INO-CNR, Pisa, Italy
O. Bringer, A. Chancé, O. Delferrière, J. Fils, D. Garzella, P. Gastinel, X. Li, A. Mosnier, P.A.P. Nghiem, J. Schwindling, C. Simon
CEA/IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
M. Büscher, A. Lehrach
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
M. Chen, L. Yu
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
A. Cianchi
Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
J.A. Clarke, N. Thompson
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
M.-E. Couprie
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
G. Dattoli, F. Nguyen
ENEA C.R. Frascati, Frascati (Roma), Italy
N. Delerue
LAL, Orsay, France
J.M. Dias, R.A. Fonseca, J.L. Martins, L.O. Silva, U. Sinha, J. Vieira
IPFN, Lisbon, Portugal
K. Ertel, M. Galimberti, R. Pattathil, D. Symes
STFC/RAL, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
J. Fils
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
A. Giribono
INFN-Roma, Roma, Italy
L.A. Gizzi
INFN-Pisa, Pisa, Italy
F.J. Grüner, A.R. Maier
CFEL, Hamburg, Germany
F.J. Grüner, T. Heinemann, B. Hidding, O.S. Karger, A. Knetsch, A.R. Maier
University of Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Hamburg, Germany
C. Haefner
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
B.J. Holzer
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
S.M. Hooker
University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, United Kingdom
S.M. Hooker, R. Walczak
JAI, Oxford, United Kingdom
T. Hosokai
Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
C. Joshi
UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
M. Kaluza
HIJ, Jena, Germany
S. Karsch
LMU, Garching, Germany
E. Khazanov, I. Kostyukov
IAP/RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
D. Khikhlukha, D. Kocon, G. Korn, A.Y. Molodozhentsev, L. Pribyl
ELI-BEAMS, Prague, Czech Republic
L. Labate, P. Tomassini
CNR/IPP, Pisa, Italy
W. Leemans, C.B. Schroeder
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
A. Lifschitz, V. Malka, F. Massimo
LOA, Palaiseau, France
V. Litvinenko
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
V. Litvinenko
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
W. Lu
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
V. Malka
Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
S. P. D. Mangles, Z. Najmudin, A. A. Sahai
Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
A. Marocchino, A. Mostacci
University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
K. Masaki, Y. Sano
JAEA/Kansai, Kyoto, Japan
U. Schramm
HZDR, Dresden, Germany
M.J.V. Streeter, A.G.R. Thomas
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
C. Szwaj
PhLAM/CERCLA, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
C.-G. Wahlstrom
Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
R. Walczak
Oxford University, Physics Department, Oxford, Oxon, United Kingdom
G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
M. Yabashi
JASRI/SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan
A. Zigler
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Racah Institute of Physics, Jerusalem, Israel

The Horizon 2020 Project EuPRAXIA ('European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications') aims at producing a design report of a highly compact and cost-effective European facility with multi-GeV electron beams using plasma as the acceleration medium. The accelerator facility will be based on a laser and/or a beam driven plasma acceleration approach and will be used for photon science, high-energy physics (HEP) detector tests, and other applications such as compact X-ray sources for medical imaging or material processing. EuPRAXIA started in November 2015 and will deliver the design report in October 2019. EuPRAXIA aims to be included on the ESFRI roadmap in 2020.

Slides TUOBB3 [9.269 MB]

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TUPVA034

SPS Studies in Preparation for the Crab Cavity Experiment

2133

A. Alekou, A. Alekou, F. Antoniou, F. Antoniou, G. Arduini, G. Arduini, H. Bartosik, H. Bartosik, R. Calaga, R. Calaga, Y. Papaphilippou, Y. Papaphilippou, Y. Papaphilippou
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
A. Alekou, R.B. Appleby, R.B. Appleby
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

A local Crab Cavity (CC) scheme will recover head-on collisions at the Interaction Points (IPs) of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), which aims to increase the LHC luminosity by a factor of 3-10. The first time that CC will ever be tested with proton beams will be in 2018 in the SPS machine. The available dedicated Machine Development (MD) time after the installation of the cavities will be limited and therefore good preparation is essential in order to ensure that the MDs are as efficient as possible. This paper presents the simulations and experimental studies performed in preparation for the future MDs and discusses the next steps.

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TUPVA134

Accelerators Validating Antimatter Physics (AVA)

2414

C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk'odowska-Curie grant agreement No 721559.
Antimatter experiments are at the cutting edge of science. They are, however, very difficult to realize and have been limited by the performance of the only existing facility in the world, the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN. The Extra Low Energy Antiproton ring (ELENA) will be a critical upgrade to this unique facility and commissioned from autumn 2016. This will significantly enhance the beam quality and enable new experiments. To fully exploit the discovery potential of this facility, advances are urgently required in numerical tools that can adequately model beam transport, life time and interaction, beam diagnostics tools and detectors to characterize the beam's properties, as well as in novel experiments that exploit the enhanced beam quality that ELENA will provide. AVA is a new European research and training initiative between universities, research centers and industry that will carry out R&D into ELENA and related facilities. This contribution gives an overview of the AVA research programme across its three scientific work packages.

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WEPVA020

Dual-Grating Dielectric Accelerators Driven by A Pulse-Front-Tilted Laser

3299

Y. Wei, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
M.M. Dehler, E. Ferrari, N. Hiller, R. Ischebeck
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
J.D.A. Smith
TXUK, Warrington, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom

Dual-grating Dielectric Laser-driven Accelerators (DLAs) are considered to be one of the most promising technologies to miniaturize future particle accelerators. Accelerating gradients in the GV/m range seem accessible and 690 MV/m has been demonstrated in fused silica structures. However, the increase in beam energy is limited by the short interaction length between the laser pulses and the electron bunch. In this contribution, a pulse-front-tilt operation for a laser beam is studied to extend the interaction length, resulting in a greater energy gain for a dual-grating DLA. The VSIM code is used to compare this new scheme with the commonly used approach of a normally incident laser beam and advantages are summarized.
[1]T. Plettner, et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9, 111301 (2006)
[2]K. P. Wootton, et al., Opt. Lett., 41, 2696 (2016).
[3]E. A. Peralta, et al., Nature 503, 91 (2013)

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THPVA136

Non-Invasive Online Beam Monitor Using LHCb VELO

4780

R. Schnuerer
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch, S.L. Yap, H.D. Zhang
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk'odowska-Curie grant agreement No 675265
Online beam monitoring is essential for ion beam therapy to assure effective delivery of the beam and maintain patient safety for cancer treatment. One candidate for such a monitoring device is the LHCb Vertex Locator (VELO) detector. It is a position sensitive silicon detector with an advantageous semi-circular design which enables approaching the core of the beam without interfering with it. In this contribution, tests using an infrared laser to calibrate the detector and obtain information about its dynamic range, spatial and time resolution will be discussed. Initial results from using the detector at the 60 MeV proton therapy beamline at the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC), UK are also presented.

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THPVA137

A Monte Carlo Approach to Imaging and Dose Simulations in Realistic Phantoms Using Compact X-Ray Source

4783

E. Skordis, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
E. Skordis, V. Vlachoudis
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

X-ray emitters are amongst the most widely used tools in medicine. Based on compact electron beams, they are utilised for a range of applications, including medical imaging and cancer treatment. The optimisation of a specific X-ray source relies on detailed simulation studies into the achievable resolution and intensity distribution. Monte Carlo (MC) codes are widely used in the medical community for dose estimation to patients and the environment. They are also ideally suited for simulating 3D intensity distributions in realistic environments. This demands accurate and reliable physical models capable of handling all components of the expected radiation field. In this paper the capabilities of the FLUKA MC code to simulate complex X-ray sources are presented. Advanced phantoms, based on imported DICOM format, are used to evaluate the dose to relevant areas, including the patient, individual organs and the treatment room. It is also shown how they can provide a good basis to reproduce radiography images by scoring photon fluencies.

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THPVA138

Optimization of Medical Accelerators within the OMA Project

4787

C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement No 675265.
Although significant progress has been made in the use of particle beams for cancer treatment, an extensive research and development program is still needed to maximize the healthcare benefits from these therapies. The Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) is the aim of a new European Network. OMA joins universities, research centers and clinical facilities with industry partners to address the challenges in treatment facility design and optimization, numerical simulations for the development of advanced treatment schemes, and in beam imaging and treatment monitoring. This contribution gives an overview of the 15 R&D projects that are covered within the project and reports on initial results.

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TUPVA154

Project-Based Cooperative Learning in Accelerator Science and Technology Education

2458

G. Burt
Cockcroft Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
R.B. Appleby, G.X. Xia
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
I.R. Bailey
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
J.A. Clarke, O.B. Malyshev, N. Marks, B.D. Muratori, M.W. Poole, Y.M. Saveliev, B.J.A. Shepherd
STFC/DL/ASTeC, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
C.P. Welsch, A. Wolski
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Funding: The work is funded by STFC via the Cockcroft Institute core grant.
The next generation of particle accelerators will require the training of greater numbers of specialist accelerator physicists and engineers . These physicists and engineers should have a broad understanding of accelerator physics as well as the technology used in particle accelerators as well as a specialist in some area of accelerator science and technology . Such specialists can be trained by combining a University based PhD, in collaboration with national laboratory training with a broad taught accelerator lecture program. In order to have a faster start we decided to run an intensive two week school to replace the basic course at the Cockcroft Institute. At the same time we decided to investigate the use of problem based learning to simulate the way accelerator science tends to work in practice. In this exercise he students worked in groups of 5 to design a 3rd generation light source from scratch based on photon light specifications. In comparison to similar design exercises we stipulate that all students must do all parts and students are not allowed to specialise. A comparison with a standard lecture based education programme is discussed in this paper.

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WEPVA066

The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System as in-Kind Contribution

3422

E. Adli, R. Andersson, D.M. Bang, O. Dorholt, H. Gjersdal, O.M. Røhne
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
M.G. Ibison, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
S. Joshi
University College West, Trollhätan, Sweden
T.J. Shea, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Funding: This work is part of the Norwegian in-kind contribution to ESS.
The ESS Target Proton Beam Imaging System will image the 5 MW ESS proton beam as it enters the spallation target. The system will operate in a harsh radiation environment, leading to a number of challenges: development of radiation hard photon sources, long aperture-restricted optical paths, and fast electronics to provide rapid response to beam anomalies. The newly formed accelerator group at the University of Oslo is the in-kind partner for the Imaging System. This paper outlines the main challenges of the Imaging System and how they are addressed within the collaborative nature of the in-kind project.

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