ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
APS has been developing superconducting undulators for over a decade. Presently, two planar and one helical device are in operation in the APS storage ring, and a number of devices will be installed in the APS Upgrade ring. All superconducting devices perform with very high reliability and have very minor effect on the storage ring operation. To achieve this, a number of storage ring modifications had to be done, such as introduction of the beam abort system to eliminate device quenches during beam dumps, and lattice and orbit modifications to allow for installation of the small horizontal aperture helical device with magnet coils in the plane of synchrotron radiation.
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
We present the results of experiments intended to show the effects of beam dumps on candidate collimator materials for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) storage ring (SR). Due to small transverse electron beam sizes, whole beam loss events are expected to yield dose levels in excess of 10 MGy in beam-facing components, pushing irradiated regions into a hydrodynamic regime. Whole beam aborts have characteristic time scales ranging from 100s of ps to 10s of microseconds which are either much shorter than or roughly equal to thermal diffusion times. Aluminum and titanium alloy test pieces are each exposed to a series of beam aborts of varying fill pattern and charge. Simulations suggest the high energy/power densities are likely to lead to phase transitions and damage in any material initially encountered by the beam. We describe measurements used to characterize the beam aborts and compare the results with those from the static particle-matter interaction code, MARS; we also plan to explore wakefield effects. Beam dynamics modeling, done with elegant is discussed in a companion paper at this conference. The goal of this work is to guide the design of APS-U SR collimators.
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
Dassault Systems Simulia, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
The APS-U (APS upgrade) ring plans implement a "swap out" injection scheme, which requires a injected beam of 15.6 nC single-bunch beam. The Particle Accumulator Ring (PAR), originally designed for up to 6 nC charge, must be upgraded to provide 20 nC single bunch beam. Our studies have shown that bunch length of the PAR beam, typically 300 ps at lower charge, increases to 800 ps at high charge due to longitudinal instabilities, which causes low injection efficiency of the downstream Booster ring. We completed beam impedance of all the PAR vacuum components recently with CST wakefield solver. 3D CAD models are directly imported into CST and various techniques were explored to improve and verify the results. The results are also cross-checked with that from GdfidL and Echo simulation. We identified 23 bellow- and 24 non-bellow flanges that contribute to as much as 50% of the total loss factor. We are considering upgrade options to reduce over all beam loading and longitudinal impedance. Beam tracking simulation is in progress that including the longitudinal impedance results from the simulations. We report the results and methods of the CST impedance simulations.
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) particle accumulator ring (PAR) was designed to accumulate linac pulses into a single bunch with a fundamental rf system, and longitudinally compress the beam with a harmonic rf system prior to injection into the booster. For APS Upgrade, the injectors will need to supply full-current bunch replacement with high single-bunch charge for swap-out in the new storage ring. Significant bunch lengthening, energy spread, and synchrotron sidebands are observed in PAR at high charge. Lower-charge dynamics are dominated by potential well distortion, while higher-charge dynamics appear to be dominated by microwave instability. Before a numerical impedance model was available, a simple circuit model was developed by fitting the measured bunch distributions to the Haissinski equation. Energy scaling was then used to predict the beam energy sufficient to raise the instability threshold to 18-20 nC. With the beam in a linear or nearly linear regime, higher harmonic radio frequency (rf) gap voltage can be used to reduce the bunch length at high charge and better match the booster acceptance.