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@unpublished{jia:sap2023-tupb022,
% --- JACoW template Dec 2024 ---
author = {D.Y. Jia and H. Jia and Z.J. Wang},
title = {{Observation of Pilot H⁻ Beam in high power proton linac}},
eventtitle = {14th Symp. Accel. Phys. (SAP'23)},
eventdate = {2023-07-10/2023-07-12},
language = {english},
intype = {presented at},
series = {Symposium on Accelerator Physics},
number = {14},
venue = {Xichang, China},
note = {presented at the 14th Symp. Accel. Phys. (SAP'23) in Xichang, China, unpublished},
abstract = {{Chinese ADS Front End (CAFe) is a demo high-power proton superconducting linac for ADS project. During high-power beam commissioning of CAFe, unexpected irradiation dose was observed at the vacuum valve at the exit of the dipole magnet opposite to the proton beam deflection direction. The reason of the irradiation cannot be explained by neutron induced reaction or the operation history of the dipole magnet. A gamma-ray analysis of radionuclides is performed with the wipe sample from the valve, excluding the possibility of the neutron induced activation and verifying the proton induced reaction. Thus, it is supposed that H¿ beam is generated at the low energy transport section and accelerated simultaneously with proton beam in the superconducting linac. In this paper, The accelerating efficiency of pilot H⁻ beam is studied with multi-particle simulation software, Tracewin. The yield of H⁻ beam is obtained by cross section calculation of proton beam with residual gas at low energy transport section. The accumulated dose at the vacuum valve is calculated by FLUKA code and compared to the simulation result.}},
}