Schmidt, R.

Paper	Title	Page
TUZAC03	LHC Machine Protection	878
	R. Schmidt, R. W. Assmann, E. Carlier, B. Dehning, R. Denz, B. Goddard, E. B. Holzer, V. Kain, B. Puccio, B. Todd, J. A. Uythoven, J. Wenninger, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva
	This paper addresses the imposing challenges of the LHC Machine Protection System.
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TUPAN101	Tracking Studies with Variable Magnetic Field to Characterize Quadrupole Failures in LHC	1616
	A. Gomez Alonso, R. Schmidt CERN, Geneva
	During LHC operation, energies up to 360 MJ will be stored in each proton beam and more than 10 GJ in the superconducting magnets. With these energies, a magnet failure can lead to important equipment damage if the beam is not extracted in time. The machine protection systems should detect such failures and trigger the beam extraction system. In order to characterize the beam response after magnet failures, tracking simulations have been performed with MAD-X. The magnetic field was set to change with time according to realistic current changes in the electrical circuits with the magnets after a powering failure. The effect on the beam of powering failures in the normal conducting quadrupoles has been studied. For fast failures (beam lost in less than 100 ms) the nonlinear effects are negligible. For slower failures, higher order resonances may lead to beam losses of up to ~8% of the beam.
FROAC03	The Commissioning of the LHC Technical Systems	3801
	R. I. Saban, R. Alemany-Fernandez, V. Baggiolini, A. Ballarino, E. Barbero-Soto, B. Bellesia, F. Bordry, D. Bozzini, M. P. Casas Lino, V. Chareyre, S. D. Claudet, G.-J. Coelingh, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, R. Denz, M. Gruwe, V. Kain, G. Kirby, M. Koratzinos, R. J. Lauckner, S. L.N. Le Naour, K. H. Mess, F. Millet, V. Montabonnet, D. Nisbet, B. Perea-Solano, M. Pojer, R. Principe, S. Redaelli, A. Rijllart, F. Rodriguez-Mateos, R. Schmidt, L. Serio, A. P. Siemko, M. Solfaroli Camillocci, H. Thiesen, W. Venturini Delsolaro, A. Vergara-Fernandez, A. P. Verweij, M. Zerlauth CERN, Geneva SF. Feher, R. H. Flora, R. Rabehl Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois
	The LHC is an accelerator with unprecedented complexity; in addition, the energy stored in magnets and the beams exceeds other accelerators by one to two orders of magnitude. To avoid a plague of technical problems and ensure a safe machine start-up, the hardware commissioning phase was emphasized: the thorough commissioning of technical systems (vacuum, cryogenics, quench protection, power converters, electrical circuits, AC distribution, ventilation, demineralised water, injection system, beam dumping system, beam instrumentation, etc) is carried-out without beam. Activity started in June 2005 with the commissioning of individual systems, followed by operating a full sector of the machine as a whole. LHC architecture allows the commissioning of each of the eight sectors independently from the others, before the installation of other sectors is complete. Important effort went into the definition of the programme and the organization of the coordination in the field, as well as in the tools to record and analyze test results. This paper presents the experience with this approach, results from the commissioning of the first LHC sectors and gives an outlook for future activities.
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