• J. N. Corlett, J. M. Byrd, W. M. Fawley, M. Gullans, D. Li, S. M. Lidia, H. A. Padmore, G. Penn, I. V. Pogorelov, J. Qiang, D. Robin, F. Sannibale, J. W. Staples, C. Steier, M. Venturini, S. P. Virostek, W. Wan, R. P. Wells, R. B. Wilcox, J. S. Wurtele, A. Zholents
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

The FEL process increases radiation flux by several orders of magnitude above existing incoherent sources, and offers the additional enhancements attainable by optical manipulations of the electron beam: control of the temporal duration and bandwidth of the coherent output, and wavelength; utilization of harmonics to attain shorter wavelengths; and precise synchronization of the x-ray pulse with laser systems. We describe an FEL facility concept based on a high repetition rate RF photocathode gun, that would allow simultaneous operation of multiple independent FELs, each producing high average brightness, tunable over the soft x-ray-VUV range, and each with individual performance characteristics determined by the configuration of the FEL SASE, enhanced-SASE (ESASE), seeded, self-seeded, harmonic generation, and other configurations making use of optical manipulations of the electron beam may be employed, providing a wide range of photon beam properties to meet varied user demands. FELs would be tailored to specific experimental needs, including production of ultrafast pulses even into the attosecond domain, and high temporal coherence (i.e. high resolving power) beams.

• J. Qiang, J. N. Corlett, S. M. Lidia, H. A. Padmore, W. Wan, A. Zholents, M. S. Zolotorev
  LBNL, Berkeley, California
• A. Adelmann
  PSI, Villigen

Nano-tips with high acceleration gradient around the emission surface have been proposed to generate high brightness beams. However, due to the small size of the tip, the charge density near the tip is very high even for a small number of electrons. The Coulomb scattering near the tip can significantly degrade the beam quality and cause extra emittance growth and energy spread. In the paper, we present a numerical study of these effects using a direct relativistic N-body model. We found that emittance growth and energy spread, due to Coulomb scattering, can be significantly enhanced with respect to mean-field space-charge calculations in different parameter regimes.

• J. W. Staples, K. M. Baptiste, J. N. Corlett, S. Kwiatkowski, S. M. Lidia, J. Qiang, F. Sannibale, K. G. Sonnad, S. P. Virostek, R. P. Wells
  LBNL, Berkeley, California

New generation accelerator-based X-ray light sources require high quality beams with high average brightness. Normal conducting L- and S-band photoinjectors are limited in repetition rate and D-C (photo)injectors are limited in field strength at the cathode. We propose a low frequency normal-conducting cavity, operating at 50 to 100 MHz CW, to provide beam bunches at a rate of one MegaHertz or more. The photoinjector uses a re-entrant cavity structure, requiring less than 100 kW CW, with a peak wall power density less than 10 W/cm². The cavity will support a vacuum down to 10 picoTorr, with a load-lock mechanism for easy replacement of photocathodes. The photocathode can be embedded in a magnetic field to provide correlations useful for flat beam generation. Beam dynamics simulations indicate that normalized emittances on the order of 1 mm-mrad are possible with gap voltage of 750 kV, with fields up to 20 MV/m at the photocathode, for 1 nanocoulomb charge per bunch after acceleration and emittance compensation. Long-bunch operation (10's of picosecond) is made possible by the low cavity frequency, permitting low bunch current at the 750 kV gap voltage.