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Cohen, R. H.

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TUXAB01 Absolute Measurement of Electron Cloud Density 754
 
  • M. Kireeff Covo, R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, A. W. Molvik
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • D. Baca, F. M. Bieniosek, B. G. Logan, P. A. Seidl, J.-L. Vay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • J. L. Vujic
    UCB, Berkeley, California
 
  Funding: This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy, LLNL and LBNL, under contracts No. W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC02-05CH11231.

Beam interaction with background gas and walls produces ubiquitous clouds of stray electrons that frequently limit the performance of particle accelerator and storage rings. Counterintuitively we obtained the electron cloud accumulation by measuring the expelled ions that are originated from the beam-background gas interaction, rather than by measuring electrons that reach the walls. The kinetic ion energy measured with a retarding field analyzer (RFA) maps the depressed beam space-charge potential and provides the dynamic electron cloud density. Clearing electrode current measurements give the static electron cloud background that complements and corroborates with the RFA measurements, providing an absolute measurement of electron cloud density during a 5 us duration beam pulse in a drift region of the magnetic transport section of the High-Current Experiment (HCX) at LBNL.*

* M. Kireeff Covo, A. W. Molvik, A. Friedman, J.-L. Vay, P. A. Seidl, G. Logan, D. Baca, and J. L. Vujic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 054801 (2006).

 
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TUXAB03 Self-consistent 3D Modeling of Electron Cloud Dynamics and Beam Response 764
 
  • M. A. Furman, C. M. Celata, M. Kireeff Covo, K. G. Sonnad, J.-L. Vay, M. Venturini
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, D. P. Grote, A. W. Molvik
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • P. Stoltz
    Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U. S. DOE under Contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and W-7405-Eng-48, and by the US-LHC Accelerator Research Project (LARP).

We present recent advances in the modeling of beam-electron-cloud dynamics, including surface effects such as secondary electron emission, gas desorption, etc, and volumetric effects such as ionization of residual gas and charge-exchange reactions. Simulations for the HCX facility with the code WARP/POSINST will be described and their validity demonstrated by benchmarks against measurements. The code models a wide range of physical processes and uses a number of novel techniques, including a large-timestep electron mover that smoothly interpolates between direct orbit calculation and guiding-center drift equations, and a new computational technique, based on a Lorentz transformation to a moving frame, that allows the cost of a fully 3D simulation to be reduced to that of a quasi-static approximation.

 
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THPAS050 Simulating Electron Effects in Heavy-Ion Accelerators with Solenoid Focusing 3603
 
  • W. M. Sharp, R. H. Cohen, A. Friedman, D. P. Grote, A. W. Molvik
    LLNL, Livermore, California
  • J. E. Coleman, P. K. Roy, P. A. Seidl, J.-L. Vay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California
  • I. Haber
    UMD, College Park, Maryland
 
  Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of US DOE by the University of California Lawrence Livermore and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories under contracts W-7405-Eng-48 and DE-AC03-76SF00098.

Contamination from electrons is a concern for solenoid-focused ion accelerators being developed for experiments in high-energy-density physics (HEDP). These electrons, produced directly by beam ions hitting lattice elements or indirectly by ionization of desorbed neutral gas, can potentially alter the beam dynamics, leading to a time-varying focal spot, increased emittance, halo, and possibly electron-ion instabilities. The electrostatic particle-in-cell code WARP is used to simulate electron-cloud studies on the solenoid-transport experiment (STX) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We present self-consistent simulations of several STX configurations to show the evolution of the electron and ion-beam distributions first in idealized 2-D solenoid fields and then in the 3-D field values obtained from probes. Comparisons are made with experimental data, and several techniques to mitigate electron effects are demonstrated numerically.