radiation
MOPC04
Study of orbital effects on EIC detector synchrotron radiation background
40
Synchrotron radiation could contribute to detector background significantly, especially when the electron beam deviates from the design orbit. Without effective control, synchrotron radiation could impede physics data taking or even damage detector components. One of the key contributors to suppress synchrotron radiation in the Electron-Ion Collider IR is to control the electron orbit upstream the detectors. Therefore, it is imperative to define the tolerance of orbit errors in the IR which requires studying the orbital effects on synchrotron radiation. In this report, we will present the studies of orbital effects on synchrotron radiation background in EIC IR, including beam offsets introduced by upstream dipole, correctors, and quadrupole offsets.
Paper: MOPC04
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPC04
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPC44
Transfer learning for field emission mitigation in CEBAF SRF cavities
160
The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) operates hundreds of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in its two linear accelerators (linacs). Field emission (FE) is an ongoing operational challenge in higher gradient SRF cavities. FE generates high levels of neutron and gamma radiation leading to damaged accelerator hardware and a radiation hazard environment. During machine development periods, we performed invasive gradient scans to record data capturing the relationship between cavity gradients and radiation levels measured throughout the linacs. However, the field emission environment at CEBAF varies considerably over time as the configuration of the radio-frequency (RF) gradients changes or due to the strengthening of existing field emitters or the abrupt appearance of new field emitters. To mitigate FE and lower the radiation levels, an artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) approach with transfer learning is needed. In this work, we mainly focus on leveraging the RF trip data gathered during CEBAF normal operation. We develop a transfer learning based surrogate model for radiation detector readings given RF cavity gradients to track the CEBAF’s changing configuration and environment. Then, we could use the developed model as an optimization process for redistributing the RF gradients within a linac to mitigate field emission.
Paper: MOPC44
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPC44
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 11 Jun 2024 — Accepted: 11 Jun 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPC68
Single line ERL permanent magnet FFA accelerator for LHeC
218
We present a Fixed-Field-Alternating (FFA) permanent magnet racetrack electron accelerator with energy range between 10-60 GeV for the future LHeC. Electron beam is brought back to the linac by the single beam line without requiring electric power REDUCING estimated wall power of 100 MW in the present LHeC design to a negligible power for arcs as the permanent magnets are used. The design is based on experience from the very successful commissioning of the Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory Energy Recovery Test Accelerator – ‘CBETA’. The proposal supports sustainability efforts for LHeC by making a 'green' accelerator. It is an energy recovery linac with 99.9% energy efficiency and reduces the power consumption by using small permanent magnets. The FFA non-linear gradient design is a racetrack shape, where, as in the CBETA, the arcs are matched by adiabatic transition to the two (LHeC) or multiple straight sections. Two 10 GeV superconducting linacs are placed on both sides of the Interaction Region (IR) significantly reducing the power of synchrotron radiation loss.
Paper: MOPC68
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPC68
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPC81
BAGELS: A general method for minimizing the rate of radiative depolarization in electron storage rings
262
We present a novel method for minimizing the effects of radiative depolarization in electron storage rings by use of vertical orbit bumps in the arcs. Electron polarization is directly characterized by the RMS of the so-called spin orbit coupling function in the bends. In the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), as was the case in HERA, this function is excited by the spin rotators. Individual vertical orbit bumps in the arcs can have varying impacts on this function globally. In this method, we use a singular value decomposition of the response matrix of the spin-orbit coupling function with each orbit bump to define a minimal number of most effective groups of bumps, motivating the name “Best Adjustment Groups for ELectron Spin” (BAGELS) method. These groups can then be used to minimize the depolarizing effects in an ideal lattice, and to restore the minimization in rings with realistic closed orbit distortions. Furthermore, BAGELS can be used to construct groups for other applications where a minimal impact on polarization is desirable, e.g. global coupling compensation or vertical emittance creation. Application of the BAGELS method has significantly increased the polarization in simulations of the 18 GeV ESR, beyond achievable with conventional methods.
Paper: MOPC81
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPC81
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG04
Challenges and mitigation measures for synchrotron radiation on the FCC-ee arcs
292
In a high-energy circular electron-positron collider like the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) at CERN, synchrotron radiation (SR) presents a significant challenge due to the radiation load on collider magnets and equipment in the tunnel like cables, optical fibers, and electronics. The efficiency of the anticipated photon absorbers in the vacuum chambers depends on the operational beam energy, ranging from 45.6 GeV to 182.5 GeV. Radiation load studies using FLUKA are conducted for the four operation modes to assess the SR impact on various systems and equipment. Particularly at higher energies (120 GeV and 182.5 GeV), the radiation levels in the tunnel environment would likely not be sustainable. The objective is to implement a mitigation strategy that enables the placement of essential components, such as electronics, power converters, and beam instrumentation, in the tunnel, while enduring both instantaneous and long-term radiation effects over multiple years.
Paper: MOPG04
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG04
About: Received: 07 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG05
Low-alpha operation of the IOTA storage ring
296
Operation with ultra-low momentum-compaction factor (alpha) is a desirable capability for many storage rings and synchrotron radiation sources. For example, low-alpha lattices are commonly used to produce picosecond bunches for the generation of coherent THz radiation and are the basis of a number of conceptual designs for EUV generation via steady-state microbunching (SSMB). Achieving ultra-low alpha requires not only a high-level of stability in the linear optics but also flexible control of higher-order compaction terms. Operation with lower momentum-compaction lattices has recently been investigated at the IOTA storage ring at Fermilab. Experimental results from some initial feasibility studies will be discussed in the context of ensuring an improved understanding of the IOTA optics for future research programs.
Paper: MOPG05
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG05
About: Received: 24 May 2024 — Revised: 28 May 2024 — Accepted: 28 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG06
Undulator radiation of single electrons: coherence length and quantum-optical properties
300
The aims of the CLARA experiment at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) were to directly measure the coherence length of undulator radiation emitted by a single electron and to test whether the radiation is in a pure classical Glauber coherent state or in a quantum mixture of coherent and Fock states. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to study visible radiation generated by 150-MeV electrons circulating in the ring. The relative delay between the two arms of the MZI was adjusted by varying the length of one of them with a resolution of 10 nm. The intensity of the circulating beam spanned several orders of magnitude, down to single electrons. A pair of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was placed at the output of the MZI arms to detect photocounts with high efficiency and timing resolution. We describe the observed interference patterns and photocount rates as a function of interferometer delay and discuss their implications.
Paper: MOPG06
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG06
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG10
Separately tunable two-color lasing at the FHI FEL
315
The Fritz-Haber-Institut (FHI) der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Free Electron Laser (FEL) achieved first light from its Mid-IR beamline at 18 microns on February 14, 2012. In the subsequent years, the 3 to 60 micron light has been supplied to users resulting in 96 refereed publications in Chemical Physics. In 2019, the FEL Group initiated an upgrade to add a Far-IR beamline to the system. On June 8, 2023, first light was achieved at 8 microns from this beamline which spans 4.5 to 165 microns in tunable radiation. A unique feature of this upgrade is the inclusion of a 500 MHz kicker cavity that can send the 1 GHz electron pulses alternatively into the MIR and FIR beamlines. On December 8, 2023, first light was obtained simultaneously at 18 and 55 microns respectively, thereby achieving the project goal of independently-tunable two-color lasing. We will discuss the physics and engineering design of the new FIR beamline and provide details of the radiation spectrum and parameters. We will also outline planned user experiments using this new radiation tool.
Paper: MOPG10
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG10
About: Received: 12 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG25
FERMI plans for a 2 nm seeded FEL
357
Most FELs employ the mechanism of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) from a relativistic electron beam to generate intense femtosecond pulses in the x-ray spectral region. Such SASE FELs are characterized by a broad bandwidth and relatively poor longitudinal coherence, and offer a rather limited control over the spectro-temporal properties. The limitations of a SASE FEL can be overcome by using an external laser to trigger the amplification process. Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG), alone or in combination with the high-gain harmonic generation scheme (HGHG) is currently the most promising candidate to extend the operation of externally-seeded FELs into the soft x-ray region. Here, we discuss the plan at FERMI for the upgrade of the second FEL line in order to reach ~2 nm at the fundamental emission wavelength. In the first step, coherent radiation at ~10 nm will be generated with an EEHG layout and used as a seed in an HGHG stage on a fresh part of the electron beam. The experience with EEHG at the FEL-1 line will be an important step towards the final realization of the FERMI FEL as a reliable source of highly coherent radiation at ~2 nm and below.
Paper: MOPG25
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG25
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG30
Status update of the SASE3 variable polarization project at the European XFEL
364
The SASE3 Variable Polarization project is intended to offer polarization control of the X-ray FEL pulses at the European XFEL. The project was completed in early 2022. During the winter shutdown 2021-2022, all four APPLE-X helical undulators were placed in the tunnel and first lasing was achieved in April 2022. Unfortunately, further use of the helical afterburner proved impossible, as the encoders used to position the magnetic structures of the undulator were damaged by radiation. To carry out repairs, all undulators were removed from the tunnel in the summer 2022, and investigations were carried out to determine the cause of the radiation damage. This article presents measures taken to minimize further radiation damage in order to ensure the continued operation of the helical afterburner.
Paper: MOPG30
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG30
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG68
Characterization of a single-pass high-gain THz FEL at PITZ
416
A single-pass THz free-electron laser (FEL) at the Photo Injector Test facility at DESY in Zeuthen (PITZ) was designed and implemented for a proof-of-principle experiment on a tunable high-power THz source for pump-probe experiments at the European XFEL. THz pulses are generated at a radiation wavelength of 100 μm within a 3.5 m long, strongly focusing planar LCLS-I undulator. High gain is achieved by driving the FEL with high brightness beams from the PITZ photoinjector at 17 MeV and a bunch charge of up to several nC. In addition to the mechanisms of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), seeding of the THz-FEL by electron bunch modulation at the photocathode is also being investigated. The experimental results, including the gain curves and spectral properties of the THz-FEL radiation, are presented in comparison with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations.
Paper: MOPG68
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG68
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPG73
Study of the radiation field from multiple out-coupling holes in an infrared free electron laser oscillator
435
A new infrared Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility FELiChEM has been established as an experimental facility at the University of Science and Technology of China. It consists of two free electron laser oscillators which produce mid-infrared and far-infrared lasers covering the spectral range of 2-200 μm at the present stage. The output power is a crucial parameter for users, and it is usually achieved by an out-coupling hole located in the center of a cavity mirror. Nevertheless, the spectral gap phenomenon has been observed in FEL oscillators with partial waveguides as the output power is highly dependent on the mode configuration before the out-coupling mirror. Such power gaps have an adverse effect on experimental results since numerous experiments require continuous spectral scanning. In this paper, we propose the utilization of multiple out-coupling holes on the cavity mirror, instead of relying solely on a central out-coupling hole, to reduce the adverse impact of the spectral gap phenomenon.
Paper: MOPG73
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPG73
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPR08
Current status of the FFA@CEBAF energy upgrade
474
An upgrade to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) to extend its energy reach from 12 GeV to 22 GeV is being explored. The upgrade pushes the boundaries of the current CEBAF facilities and will require several state-of-the-art beamline components. The first of which is nonscaling Fixed Field Alternating (FFA) Gradient recirculation arcs, using novel Halbach-style permanent magnets. These new arcs would replace the current highest-energy recirculating arcs and allow up to six new beam passes spanning approximately a factor of two in energy. Matching into these arcs will require the design of splitter bend systems proceeding the north and south linac sections. Matching from these arcs into the proceeding linac section will be achieved using a novel transition section. Additionally, several major changes to the existing CEBAF accelerator will be implemented including a 650 MeV recirculating injector, a new multi-pass linac optics design based on a triplet focusing lattice, and a newly designed spreader/recombiner bend systems to accommodate the higher energy requirement.
Paper: MOPR08
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPR08
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPR15
Fabrication and testing of mode couplers for a 180 GHz colinear wakefield accelerator
485
A corrugated waveguide based collinear wakefield accelerator is under development at Argonne National Laboratory. The accelerating mode is operating at 180 GHz with a high average power level up to 600 W compounding at the end of the 0.5 m long accelerator module. It is extracted by a dedicated coupler to prevent excessive heating of the corrugated structure of the next accelerator module downstream. Also, it is necessary to monitor beam offsets from the center of the corrugated structure. It is done by utilizing the offset beam’s induced wakefield dipole mode at 190 GHz and extracting it to diagnostic electronics via the second dedicated coupler. Both are contained in the transition section between the accelerator modules*. This paper presents the mechanical design, fabrication, and performance testing of the transition section. Testing included mmWave measurements at ANL and electron beam measurements at Brookhaven National Lab’s Accelerator Test Facility. Both tests involved characterizations of the wakefield modes and coupler’s performances.
Paper: MOPR15
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPR15
About: Received: 08 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPR24
Progress on high-power generation using sub-THz corrugated waveguide
507
Previously we had developed a new method to fabricate corrugated waveguides (CW) operating in sub-THz frequency regime. As the next step, collaborative effort is underway to demonstrate GW-level high-power sub-THz pulse generation using a CW. We plan to fabricate a CW operating at around 400 GHz. This waveguide will be driven by a bunch train including 16 bunches with nanocoulomb-level charges per bunch. We present an overview of project’s current status.
Paper: MOPR24
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPR24
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPR58
UV-Soft X-ray betatron radiation characterization from laser-plasma wakefield acceleration
573
The spontaneous emission of radiation from relativistic electrons within a plasma channel is called betatron radiation and has great potential to become a compact x-ray source in the future. We present an analysis of the performance of a broad secondary radiation source based on a high-gradient laser-plasma wakefield electron accelerator. The purpose of this study is to assess the possibility of having a new source for a non-destructive X-ray phase contrast imaging and tomography of heterogeneous materials. We report studies of compact and UV-soft X ray generation via betatron oscillations in plasma channel and in particular measurement of the radiation spectrum emitted from electron beam is analyzed from a grazing incident monochromator at Centro de Laseres Pulsados Ultraintensos (CLPU).
Paper: MOPR58
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPR58
About: Received: 22 May 2024 — Revised: 23 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS05
Explore higher order transverse resonance island buckets at the Cornell electron storage ring
694
Transverse resonance island buckets (TRIBs) near a third-order resonance are observed at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring with a newly-designed lattice. Hamiltonian perturbation theory and map-based PTC method have been successfully implemented to design the TRIBs lattice and find the fixed points near the third-order resonance. For even higher order resonances which are intrinsically weaker, the effects of radiation damping and excitation may not be negligible in the lepton machine such that the Hamiltonian approach could break down. In this paper, we study TRIBs near the fourth-order resonance with tracking simulations, which predict the existence of islands. Then experimental observations confirmed the islands formation near the fourth-order resonance. The positions of the fixed points extracted from experimental results agree reasonably well with those predictions from both tracking and PTC calculations. A unique method to push all particles into a single island is also demonstrated and discussed.
Paper: MOPS05
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS05
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS20
Analysis of nonlinear deviation in a generalized longitudinal strong focusing unit
751
In a generalized longitudinal strong focusing (GLSF) approach employed in steady-state microbunching (SSMB) storage rings, the objective is to achieve complete cancellation of modulations by ensuring that a particle's longitudinal position remains unchanged after passing through both modulators. This requires effective control over the deviation in longitudinal position, which arises from lattice nonlinearities. This paper derives analytical formulations for the mean and standard deviation of the particle position deviation, expressed in terms of the beam and lattice-dependent parameters. The aim is to provide valuable insights into the system's behavior and enable optimization of the GLSF unit's performance.
Paper: MOPS20
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS20
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS39
Formulas of coherent synchrotron radiation induced microbunching instability in an arbitrary four-dipole chicane bunch compressor
806
Almost all linac-based free-electron laser (FEL) facilities have employed a symmetric three- or four-dipole chicane to compress the electron beam in order to achieve a kA-level bunch current. The achromatic C-type chicane has been widely used in present linac-FEL facilities. Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) induced microbunching instability (MBI) can be an issue in the chicane design. Recently a novel design of non-symmetric four-dipole chicane has been proposed to effectively mitigate the CSR-induced emittance growth. In this work we derive an analytical formula of the CSR-induced microbunching gain in a generic four-dipole chicane based on the iterative approach. The formulas have been benchmarked against semi-analytical Vlasov calculation, applied for a quick estimate of CSR-induced MBI for a generic four-dipole achromatic chicane beamline, and can be used to verify the effectiveness of suppressing MBI in a non-symmetric S-type four-dipole bunch compressor chicane.
Paper: MOPS39
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS39
About: Received: 03 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS40
Microbunching threshold manipulation by a corrugated structure impedance at KARA
810
Two parallel corrugated plates can be used to manipulate the impedance of an electron storage ring such as the KIT storage ring KARA (KArlsruhe Research Accelerator). This impedance manipulation structure opens up the possibility to eventually control the electron beam dynamics and the emitted coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). In this contribution, we present the impedance that is most effective to manipulate the threshold of the microbunching instability for different machine settings. Furthermore, it will be shown, how the resonance frequency of this impedance is related to the spectrum of the substructures in the electron bunches.
Paper: MOPS40
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS40
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS41
A novel coherent synchrotron radiation simulation method using cavity Green's functions
814
The mitigation of collective beam effects, in particular Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR), is crucial for the development of particle accelerators with higher beam brightness. Among the strategies proposed in the literature, the use of appropriate shielding walls to curb CSR is an attractive strategy with many associated open problems. In particular, simulation methods that account for shielding effects usually employ image charges and assume free space potentials, making them only applicable for simple wall layouts. In this work, we will outline a novel simulation technique that makes use of cavity Green's functions to capture the field modes admitted by the shielding walls. In addition to better resolving the radiated fields, the proposed method will be robust to singularities that are typically encountered in the image charge approach. We will discuss the computational implications of using cavity Green's functions and discuss strategies to scale the method to complex geometries and large particle counts. The method will eventually be validated using results from a planned shielding study at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator using a dipole chamber with variable gap size.
Paper: MOPS41
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS41
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS47
Unifying coherent synchrotron radiation wakefield and classical radiation reaction
825
We develop an alternative theory of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) wakefield using the transverse field solution of Maxwell equations in angular domain. This approach allows us to retain only the radiative interaction between particles and cure the frequently encountered divergence in retarded potentials. We analyze the classical radiation reaction force and mass renormalization induced by the CSR self-field. Futhermore, we illustrate our theory by explicitly calculating the steady-state CSR wakefield of a wiggler.
Paper: MOPS47
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS47
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
MOPS81
Implementing betatron radiation for beam diagnostics studies
917
Betatron radiation is a form of synchrotron radiation emitted by moving or accelerated electron or positron-like charged particles. As a valuable tool it can provide useful information about their trajectories, momentum and acceleration. It has good potential as a novel non-destructive diagnostic for laser-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (LWFA) and beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA). Since information about the properties of the beam is encoded in the betatron radiation, measurements using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method, rich information about the beam parameters (beam spot size, emittance, charge, energy etc.) can be extracted. Machine learning (ML) techniques can then be applied to improve the accuracy of these measurements. It has already been observed that betatron radiation can give an insight into the change in plasma density. The QUASAR Group, based at the Cockcroft Institute on Daresbury Sci-Tech campus, is planning to build on and expand an existing collaboration with UCLA and also to apply the technique for the AWAKE experiment at CERN. In this work, a hybrid ML-MLE approach is attempted to optimize the use of these diagnostics and obtain a deep insight into the beam’s parameters e.g. beam spot sizes where ML and MLE individually have their limitations.
Paper: MOPS81
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-MOPS81
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC22
Optimisation of a permanent magnet multi-energy FFA arc for the CEBAF energy upgrade
1053
It is currently planned to increase the energy of the CEBAF recirculating linear accelerator to 20 GeV or more by adding two new recirculating arcs that contain multiple new energy passes. The beam is continuous (CW), so no field ramping is desired, making this a fixed-field accelerator (FFA). The wide energy range requires a low dispersion lattice that can be created with high-gradient permanent magnets. One constraint is the existing tunnel radius in relation to the fields achievable by practically-sized permanent magnets. Thus, searching for the most efficient implementation in terms of magnet material volume is important. In this paper, a lattice cell search and optimization is conducted that evaluates cells by the magnet volume per unit length, with the permanent magnet designs also produced via an automated code. The new lattice cells are compared to the previous manually designed cell.
Paper: TUPC22
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC22
About: Received: 02 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC44
Single bunch tracking on the ten-pass ER@CEBAF energy recovery beamline
1108
The proposed ten-pass energy recovery linac (ERL) demonstration (five accelerating, five decelerating) at the CEBAF accelerator, ER@CEBAF, involves a multi-GeV energy range of a continuous electron beam. New CEBAF transverse optics were designed for this ERL demonstration. This redesign incorporates additional components in Arc A, including a path length chicane and new quadrupoles to ensure proper dispersion localization. The new five energy recovery passes with a shared arc transport scheme challenge the overall beamline optics design, including large beta functions in the CEBAF spreaders and recombiners. Here we discuss results of bunch tracking performed using the elegant tracking code for the full ER@CEBAF beamline.
Paper: TUPC44
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC44
About: Received: 06 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC66
Energy deposition and radiation level studies for the FCC-ee experimental insertions
1152
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study foresees the construction of a 90.7 km underground ring where, as a first stage, a high-luminosity electron-positron collider (FCC-ee) is envisaged, operating at beam energies from 45.6 GeV (Z pole) to 182.5 GeV (ttbar). In the FCC-ee experimental interaction regions, various physical processes give rise to particle showers that can be detrimental to machine components as well as equipment in the tunnel, such as cables and electronics. In this work, we evaluate the impact of the synchrotron radiation (SR) emitted in the magnets and the beamstrahlung (BS) radiation from the interaction point (IP). The Monte Carlo code FLUKA is used to quantify the power deposited in key machine elements, such as the BS dump, as well as the cumulative radiation levels in the tunnel. We also examine the effect of SR absorbers in the vacuum chamber and of external tungsten shielding. The results are presented for the different operation modes, namely Z pole and ttbar.
Paper: TUPC66
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC66
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC67
Progress in the design of the future circular collider FCC-ee interaction region
1156
In this paper we discuss the latest developments for the FCC-ee interaction region layout, which represents one of the key ingredients to establish the feasibility of the FCC-ee. The collider has to achieve extremely high luminosities over a wide range of center-of-mass energies with two or four interaction points. The complex final focus hosted in the detector region has to be carefully designed, and the impact of beam losses and of any type of synchrotron radiation generated in the interaction region, including beamstrahlung, have to be evaluated in detail with simulations. We give an overview of the progress of the whole machine-detector-interface-related studies, among which are the updated mechanical model of the interaction region, the plans for a novel R&D activity of a IR mockup which is just starting, the collimation scheme and evaluation of beam induced backgrounds in the detectors, evaluation of radiation dose in the experimental area, and MDI integration with the detector.
Paper: TUPC67
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC67
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC72
Improvements of the SPS slow extraction electrostatic septum
1176
The impact of high-flux protons on the inherent beam loss in the slow extraction from SPS towards the North Area has been recently discussed and potential improvements have been proposed. These solutions are mainly aiming to reduce the high component activation and related reduction of lifetime, as well as observed non straightness in the anode body. Recent studies have allowed to demonstrate feasibility of replacing the currently installed stainless steel tank, flanges, and anode body by lowZ materials. The design iteration and material choice has led to the fabrication of a reduced length prototype, demonstrating mechanical, electrical, as well as the vacuum related performance. The mass reduction of the anode body has been optimized using numerical simulation, considering mechanical and thermal constraints. The paper presents the development of the vacuum vessel, including numerical analysis. The results from the design and prototype tank fabrication will be compared to the existing system. Furthermore, the optimization of the anode body and potential fabrication based on additive manufacturing including 3d optical straightness metrology will be discussed.
Paper: TUPC72
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC72
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 28 May 2024 — Accepted: 29 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC75
HL-LHC series collimators: key technical requirements, crucial production challenges and risk mitigation plan
1188
In view of High Luminosity (HL) - Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project, an upgraded collimation system has been developed to accommodate a rise of ten times of the integrated luminosity compared to the LHC. A new series of collimators will be produced and installed in the machine during the Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) to take place during 2026-2028. The updated design incorporates cutting-edge technologies to meet the demanding operating requirements. Multiple production activities are recognized as critical to ensure the quality of the collimators. Comprehensive qualification checks of the production procedures are planned, and functional tests will be conducted to validate the performance of each unit produced.
Paper: TUPC75
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC75
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 24 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC80
Radiation to electronics studies for CERN gamma factory-proof of principle experiment in SPS
1202
The Physics Beyond Colliders is a CERN exploratory study aimed to fully exploit the scientific potential of its accelerator complex. In this initiative, the Gamma Factory experiment aims to produce in the Large Hadron Collider (GF@LHC) high-intensity photon beams in the energy domain up to 400 MeV. The production scheme is based on the collisions of a laser with ultra-relativistic atomic beam of Partially Stripped Ions (PSI) circulating in a storage ring. The collision results in a resonant excitation of the atoms, followed by the spontaneous emission of high-energy photons. A Proof of Principle (PoP) experiment is being planned to study the GF scheme generating X-rays, in the range of keV, from lithium-like lead PSI stored at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). GF-PoP has undergone a series of exhaustive radiation effect studies in view of Radiation to Electronics (R2E) risks. With the use of FLUKA Monte Carlo code, the radiation environment in the laser room and its premises has been estimated during proton and PSI runs. Recorded data from beam instruments has been used to appropriately scale the computed results and to verify the compliance with general R2E limits.
Paper: TUPC80
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC80
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPC81
Characterization of radiation damages to positron source materials
1206
The secondary beam production target at future positron sources at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), the International Linear Collider (ILC) or the Future Circular Collider (FCC), features unprecedented mechanical and thermal stresses which may compromise sustainable and reliable operation. Candidate materials are required to possess high melting temperature together with excellent thermal conductivity, elasticity and radiation hardness properties. In order to substantiate the material choice for the CEBAF and ILC positron sources, the response of candidate materials such as titanium alloys, tungsten, and tantalum to electron beam irradiation was experimentally investigated. CEBAF and ILC expected operating conditions were mimicked using the 3.5 MeV electron beam of the MAMI facility injector. The material degradations were precisely analyzed via high energy X-ray diffraction at the HEMS beamline operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at the PETRA III synchrotron facility. This work reports the results of these measurements and their interpretation.
Paper: TUPC81
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPC81
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG26
Emittance blow-up with a magnetic shaker at different chromaticities
1274
The ESRF-EBS storage ring is operated with constant vertical emittance at 10 pm. The emittance blow-up is obtained with a magnetic shaker exciting the beam with a noise in a range of frequencies including the betatron tunes. The amplitude of the shaker is tuned by a feedback depending on the measured emittance. The coherent oscillations given to the beam by the shaker at each turn become incoherent thanks to the chromaticity and the amplitude detuning. Simulations and measurements have been performed to assess the efficiency of the emittance blow-up as a function of the chromaticities.
Paper: TUPG26
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG26
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG50
Echo-enabled harmonic generation at the DELTA storage ring
1354
Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) has been proposed as a seeding method for free-electron lasers but can also be employed to generate ultrashort radiation pulses at electron storage rings. With a twofold laser-electron interaction in two undulators, each followed by a magnetic chicane, an electron density pattern with a high harmonic content is produced, which gives rise to coherent emission of radiation at short wavelengths. The duration of the coherently emitted pulse is given by the laser pulse lengths. Thus, the EEHG pulse can be three orders of magnitude shorter and still more intense than conventional synchrotron radiation. At the 1.5-GeV synchrotron light source DELTA at TU Dortmund University, the worldwide first implementation of EEHG at a storage ring was achieved by reconfiguring an electromagnetic undulator. The paper reviews the experimental setup and describes the present status of the project.
Paper: TUPG50
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG50
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 13 Jun 2024 — Accepted: 13 Jun 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG51
Single-electron experiments at the DELTA storage ring
1358
Scraping the beam in an electron storage ring while counting photons of synchrotron radiation is a well-known technique to produce a beam of a single or a few electrons which enables new experimental opportunities compared to standard accelerator physics. Synchrotron radiation is usually described as an electromagnetic wave in the frame of classical electrodynamics. The emission of photons by a single electron, on the other hand, reveals the quantum nature of synchrotron light. The statistical properties of photons contain additional information, which can be used for beam diagnostics purposes. The paper describes the experimental setup and first single-electron measurements at the 1.5-GeV synchrotron radiation source DELTA at TU Dortmund University.
Paper: TUPG51
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG51
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG53
Initial status report on BNL ATF AE131 experiment harmonic nonlinear inverse Compton scattering
1365
Recent progress of basic study on Harmonic nonlinear Compton scattering in Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility (BNL ATF) will be reported. Experiment is conducted by counter collision of a multi TW CO2 laser and 60-70 MeV electron beam having 300-600 pC of charge per pulse. Experiment AE131 is intended for two aspects of experimental demonstrations. A: Nonlinear bi harmonic effect seen in external lasers having shorter wavelength such as Nd:YAG laser induced by a long wavelength intense CO2 laser at scattered photon energy of 100 keV range. B: Detailed study on the harmonic radiation induced by circularly polarized multi TW CO2 laser which potentially contain the Orbital Angular Momentum at photon energy of 10 keV range.
Paper: TUPG53
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG53
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 27 May 2024 — Accepted: 27 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG55
Force-neutral adjustable phase undulator
1372
A Force-Neutral Adjustable Phase Undulator (FNAPU) has been constructed at the Advanced Photon Source. The FNAPU is a 2.4-meter-long planar hybrid permanent magnet undulator with a 27-mm period length and a fixed gap of 8.5 mm. It consists of two magnetic assemblies with matching periods: one featuring an undulator magnetic structure and the other a simpler magnet structure to compensate the force of the undulator. The magnetic field measurement results of the undulator will be presented.
Paper: TUPG55
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG55
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 16 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG57
Design of an X-undulator
1379
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will deliver a new storage ring based on a Multi-Bend Achromat (MBA) lattice featuring swap-out on-axis injection, enabling the use of small diameter insertion device vacuum chambers. To leverage this advantage, we designed an X-undulator similar to the APPLE-X undulator but with a fixed gap and additional simpler magnet arrays for force compensation. The X-undulator is a pure permanent-magnet-based polarization variable undulator with a 30 mm period length and an 8.5 mm diameter bore in the beam center. The gaps between neighboring undulator magnetic arrays are 3 mm. Variation of the radiation wavelength and polarization is achieved using the longitudinal motion of the undulator magnetic arrays. This contribution covers the magnetic and mechanical design, as well as the optimization of this X-undulator.
Paper: TUPG57
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG57
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPG67
Coherent radiation of a microbunched beam in a short undulator
1406
We calculate the coherent radiation of a modulated beam in a short resonantly tuned undulator taking into account the finite transverse size and the angular spread of the beam. The result allows to optimize the radiation by controlling the Twiss parameters in the undulator.
Paper: TUPG67
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPG67
About: Received: 03 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR25
A power amplifier based on rad-hard gallium nitride FETs for the 10 MHz cavities of the CERN proton synchrotron
1474
The upcoming High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) program requires a beam performance in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) that is at the limits of the current RF systems. Following the discontinuation of the RF tube production of the driver amplifiers a new solid-state design has been developed using radiation-hard amplifier technology. In view that the current system architecture has reached its maximum achievable gain, the goal was to reduce the cavity impedance encountered by high-intensity circulating beams. This reduction is achieved by increasing the fast feedback gain around the 10 MHz cavities. A 400W modular driver amplifier based on GaN technology and its control system have been prototyped and are currently in the testing phase. The FETs have been qualified for radiation in J-PARC and they will undergo additional irradiation time in the PS tunnel at CERN to additionally qualify the amplifier in its entirety. The paper outlines the modeling phase, the challenges encountered during prototyping, and the achieved results.
Paper: TUPR25
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR25
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR50
Intra-undulator magnets for the SABINA THz FEL line: magnets design, manufacturing and measurements
1534
In the framework of the SABINA project (Source of Advanced Beam Imaging for Novel Applications), a new Free Electron Laser line will be realized at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF). It will be based in the SPARC_LAB laboratory with the purpose to supply radiation in the Thz/MIR range to external user. The line layout foresees two correctors between the three APPLE-X undulators devoted to providing angular and position offset correction to the beam aiming to maximize the efficiency of the FEL process. They will steer the electron beam both in the X and Y axis at the mrad level, and they will be integrated with Beam Position Monitors to perform the trajectory correction and the position monitoring at the same point. This paper presents the magnetic design of the two correctors performed by OPERA 3D software, the mechanical design, the manufacturing together with the magnetic measurement performed at the magnetic laboratory facility in LNF using a Hall probe system.
Paper: TUPR50
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR50
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR53
Findings of simulation studies for the fast corrector magnets of PETRA IV
1544
Fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources, which are currently being planned in several accelerator laboratories, require fast orbit feedback systems to correct distortions in the particle orbit in order to meet stringent stability requirements. Such feedback systems feature corrector magnets powered at frequencies up to the kilohertz range, giving rise to strong eddy currents. To understand the eddy current effects and the characteristics of these fast corrector magnets, elaborate finite element simulations must be conducted. This paper gives an overview of the most important findings of our simulation studies for the fast corrector magnets of the future synchrotron radiation source PETRA IV at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Using a homogenization technique for the laminated yokes, we simulate the magnets over a wide frequency range.
Paper: TUPR53
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR53
About: Received: 05 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR55
Research on design of a novel permanent quadrupole magnet
1552
Research on a novel permanent quadrpole magnet (PQM) design is introduced in this paper. It can make the quadrupole magnetic field gradient continuously adjustable by modulating several permanent magnet blocks. Four poles of the magnet inform an integral whole to ensure good structural symmetry, which is essential to obtain high-quality quadrupole magnetic field permanent quadrupole magnet. Series of simula-tion calculations have been done to study the effects of four distinct types of pole position coordinate errors on the central magnetic field. By juxtaposing these results with those derived from optimal design scenario of PQM, the study underscores the critical role that pole symmetry plays in this context. Two integrated design methodologies were proposed, with one of the designs undergoing processing and coordinate detection. The results indicate that this design, is capable of meeting the specified requirements. This design effectively ad-dresses the issue of asymmetrical pole installation, thereby ensuring to a certain extent that well-machined pole can generate a high-quality magnetic field.
Paper: TUPR55
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR55
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR61
Modification of TPS arc-cell vacuum system for installation of EPU66
1572
Modification of an arc-cell vacuum system (length 14 m) for the cell SR18 in the TPS storage ring is described, which includes (a) replacement of a new bending chamber (B1) with an increased vertical aperture from 9 to 18 mm to prevent the B1 chamber from being exposed to synchronous radiation from the upstream elliptically polarized undulator (EPU), and (b) incensement of three pairs of flanges to separate the old arc-cell vacuum system into four subsystems (S3, B1, S4, B2). In this paper, we will report the manufacturing processes, measurement data and vacuum tests of these vacuum chambers.
Paper: TUPR61
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR61
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR70
Advanced charge selector for stripped heavy ion beams
1582
A new charge selector is currently under development at FRIB to intercept unwanted charge states of higher-power 17 - 20 MeV/u stripped heavy ion beams. The charge selector is located in the first bending segment of the FRIB linac, where high dispersion separates charge states to allow for their selection. The design concept is based on rotating graphite cylinders that act as an intermediate heat transfer medium, efficiently absorbing beam power and radiating it to a water-cooled heat exchanger. The power in the beam spot of up to 5 kW and the rms spot width as small as 0.7 mm present significant design challenges. Beyond thermal stress, the proposed design addresses the effects of radiation damage and implantation of the intercepted ions. The challenges of the engineering design associated with high temperatures, thermal expansion, rotation and linear actuation feedthrough into vacuum, as well as radiation shielding and remote handling, will be discussed. A comprehensive exploration of these challenges aims to contribute to the broader field of beam interception technology.
Paper: TUPR70
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR70
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 23 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPR76
Exploring convective heat transfer coefficients in fully developed flows: a combined CFD analysis and experimental validation for common geometries in particle accelerators
1593
Within the field of Particle Accelerators engineering, the design of cooling channels for its components has heavily relied on experimental correlations to compute convective heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients are believed to have a conservative factor which end up in oversized designs. The following study assesses this conservative factor for fully developed flows, in the laminar, turbulent and transition regimes. It will also focus on different geometries to do so. With this objective in mind, simulation models have been developed and correlated with experiments carried out at ALBA synchrotron. In the course of this research, various turbulence models and meshes have been examined for the development of the simulations. Heat transfer coefficients were derived from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and juxtaposed with empirical correlations. The specific geometries under investigation encompass a circular channel with a 10mm inner diameter, a rectangular section channel, and a pinhole geometry, the latter being frequently employed in accelerator technology.
Paper: TUPR76
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPR76
About: Received: 02 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS35
Improved modelling and characterization of the LANSCE PSR stripper foils
1722
This paper will describe efforts to simulate and test materials for the LANSCE PSR stripper foils. Stripper foils convert H- beams to H+ as part of the charge-exchange injection process in the LANSCE PSR that produces high intensity proton beams. The foil properties directly affect the total current and activation in the ring, and their overall robustness also determines the types of experiments that can be done, as the number of available foils is limited and some modes are particularly destructive to the foils. We will describe a preliminary approach to modelling, characterizing, testing and optimizing PSR foils performance and lifetime given the extreme heat and radiation conditions which can heavily constrain both characterization and testing, and note potential opportunities for a PSR upgrade as part of LAMP.
Paper: TUPS35
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS35
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS43
Optimization of a welding procedure for making critical aluminum welds on the LBNF absorber core block
1754
The LBNF Absorber consists of thirteen 6061-T6 aluminum core blocks. The core blocks are water cooled with de-ionized (DI) water which becomes radioactive during beam operations. The cooling water flows through gun-drilled channels in the core blocks. A weld quality optimization was performed to produce National Aeronautical Standard (NAS) 1514 Class I [1] quality welds on the aluminum core blocks. This was not successful in all cases. An existing Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) was fine tuned to minimize, in most cases, and eliminate detectable tungsten inclusions in the welds. All the weld coupons, how-ever passed welding inspection as per the piping code: ASME B31.3 Normal Fluid Service [2]. Tungsten electrode diameter, type, and manufacturer were varied. Some of the samples were pre-heated and others were not. It was observed that larger diameter electrodes, 5/32 in., with pre-heated joints resulted in welds with the least number of tungsten inclusions. It is hypothesized that thinner electrodes breakdown easily and get lodged into the weld pool during the welding process. This breakdown is further enhanced by the large temperature differential be-tween the un-preheated sample and the hot electrode.
Paper: TUPS43
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS43
About: Received: 30 Apr 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS48
Dielectric wakefield accelerators: THz radiation for medical applications
1770
The THz spectrum reveals distinctive vibrational and rotational modes, and when charged particle beams produce THz radiation, it becomes a promising source for generating narrowband, high-energy radiation. Particularly in dielectric wakefield accelerators, where a dielectric-lined channel is traversed by a relativistic electron beam, coherent Cerenkov radiation (CCR) is generated. The frequency and amplitude of CCR are dependent on structural geometry and drive beam parameters. Simulating a μm, pC driver beam in a dielectric wakefield structure yields longitudinal fields of MV/m, with a fundamental mode associated with a resonant peak corresponding to the process of demethylation in DNA. Achieving higher frequencies requires a thin dielectric layer or Bragg-like boundaries in the structure to constructively reinforce the fundamental frequency.
Paper: TUPS48
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS48
About: Received: 16 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS61
Preliminary results on the reinforcement learning-based control of the microbunching instability
1808
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in solving control problems in particle accelerators. A challenging application is the control of the microbunching instability (MBI) in synchrotron light sources. Here the interaction of an electron bunch with its emitted coherent synchrotron radiation leads to complex non-linear dynamics and pronounced fluctuations. Addressing the control of intricate dynamics necessitates meeting stringent microsecond-level real-time constraints. To achieve this, RL algorithms must be deployed on a high-performance electronics platform. The KINGFISHER system, utilizing the AMD-Xilinx Versal family of heterogeneous computing devices, has been specifically designed at KIT to tackle these demanding conditions. The system implements an experience accumulator architecture to perform online learning purely through interaction with the accelerator while still satisfying strong real-time constraints. The preliminary results of this innovative control paradigm at the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) will be presented. Notably, this represents the first experimental attempt to control the MBI with RL using online training only.
Paper: TUPS61
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS61
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 29 May 2024 — Accepted: 29 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS74
Breaking new ground in data-intensive science: first insights from the LIV.INNO center for doctoral training
1850
LIV.INNO is a new initiative which will train around 40 PhD students over three cohorts. It fosters innovation in data-intensive science, serves as a dynamic platform for collaboration between leading research organizations and the next generation of scientists. Within this context, several projects focus on research that intersects between data science and particle accelerator research. This contribution showcases the early results from studies into optical transition radiation diagnostics for low energy ion beams, tailored Monte Carlo simulations for reactor ap-plications, and the reconstruction of the transverse beam distribution using machine learning. These early insights highlight the many benefits from collaborative R&D in data-rich accelerator environments. A summary of the training events offered by the center is also given.
Paper: TUPS74
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS74
About: Received: 11 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
TUPS75
Orbit response matrix correction based on exploration enhanced evolutionary algorithm
1854
For a large ring, the response matrix contains tens of thousands of data points, allowing for a comprehensive representation of the ring’s linear optics. However, when it comes to fourth-generation diffraction-limited rings that utilize strong sextupoles and octupoles, the response matrix derived from closed orbit tracking is significantly influenced by nonlinearity. This nonlinearity poses challenges for the Linear Optics from Closed Orbit (LOCO) method in terms of matching lattice parameters and correcting lattice errors. In this study, we propose the utilization of an evolutionary algorithm that integrates multiple techniques to enhance exploration capabilities. By this, we aim to find the global optimal solution, which can effectively address the issues associated with the response matrix correction and achieve a larger dynamic aperture compared to the linear LOCO approach.
Paper: TUPS75
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-TUPS75
About: Received: 08 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEAN3
Latest progress of ACE3P multiphysics modeling capabilities
1901
SLAC developed ACE3P is a parallel multi-physics electromagnetics (EM) simulation toolkit aiming for virtual prototyping of accelerator and RF component design, optimization and analysis. In this paper, we will present the latest progress on ACE3P modeling capabilities. First, for the time domain solver T3P, modeling of nonlinear materials with higher-order electric susceptibilities has been developed. It can be used to design the devices for THz accelerators and quantum information science. Second, for the particle tracking module Track3P, external DC fields calculated by the electrostatic solver embedded in the DC gun module Gun3P can be read in to model the use of DC bias in mitigating multipacting in accelerator structures. Third, a surface impedance boundary condition to treat a thin layer of lossy materials has been implemented in the frequency domain S-parameter module S3P. This enables calculation without explicitly building an extremely fine mesh in the layer and substantially reduces the computational cost when a much larger mesh would have been needed to resolve the field in the layer. Fourth, a code integration effort has been embarked to integrate Track3P with the radiation transport code Geant4 for modeling radiation effects for dark current in accelerator structures. The applications using these new model capabilities will be presented in the paper as well.
Paper: WEAN3
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEAN3
About: Received: 28 May 2024 — Revised: 29 May 2024 — Accepted: 29 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEZD1
Status of SuperKEKB and experience with nonlinear collimation
1923
An update on SuperKEKB status will be presented including an overview of performance limitations and experience with nonlinear collimation.
Paper: WEZD1
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEZD1
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WECN2
Novel materials for next-generation accelerator target facilities
1945
As beam power continues to increase in next-generation accelerator facilities, high-power target systems face crucial challenges. Components like beam windows and particle-production targets must endure significantly higher levels of particle fluence. The primary beam’s energy deposition causes rapid heating (thermal shock) and induces microstructural changes (radiation damage) within the target material. These effects ultimately deteriorate the components’ properties and lifespan. With conventional materials already stretched to their limits, we are exploring novel materials including High-Entropy Alloys and Electrospun Nanofibers that offer a fresh approach to enhancing tolerance against thermal shock and radiation damage. Following an introduction to the challenges facing high-power target systems, we will give an overview of the promising advancements we have made so far in customizing the compositions and microstructures of these pioneering materials. Our focus is on optimizing their in-beam thermomechanical and physics performance. Additionally, we will outline our imminent plans for in-beam irradiation experiments and advanced material characterizations.
Paper: WECN2
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WECN2
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPC80
Novel high-intensity and gamma-rays sources using crystals
2155
The research is focused on finding new ways to generate high-intensity, monochromatic X and gamma-rays, surpassing the capabilities of existing methods. While Free-Electron Lasers (FEL) have limitations on photon energy, and Inverse Compton Scattering relies on powerful lasers, the search for alternatives continues. TECHNO-CLS, a PATHFINDER project funded by the European Innovation Council, is dedicated to crafting innovative gamma-ray Light Sources (LSs), utilizing linear, bent, or periodically bent crystals. Similar to magnetic undulators, crystals leverage a strong interplanar electrostatic field to prompt particle oscillation, resulting in electromagnetic radiation. By reducing the oscillation period to sub-mm dimensions, these undulators can produce tens of MeV in photon energy when exposed to GeV electron beams*. As a passive and sustainable element, CLSs show great promise. In the initial phase of the project, we identified techniques to realize CLSs, using alternated pattern deposition on silicon, using simulation to optimize the pattern and conducted experiments at CERN PS with Tungsten and Iridium crystals.
Paper: WEPC80
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPC80
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG09
White X-ray beam position monitor for coherent soft X-ray beamlines
2195
A novel soft X-ray BPM (sXBPM) for high-power white beams of synchrotron undulator radiation has been developed through a joint effort of BNL/NSLS-II and Stony Brook University. In our approach, custom-made multi-pixel GaAs detector arrays are placed into the outer portions of the X-ray beam, and the beam position is inferred from the pixel photocurrents. Our goal is to achieve micron-scale positional resolution without interfering with user experiments, especially the most sensitive ones exploiting coherent properties of the beam. An elaborate mechanical system, which provisions for possible intercepts of kW-level beam in abnormal conditions, has been designed, fabricated, and installed in the 23-ID canted undulator beamline first optical enclosure. Separately, GaAs detectors with specially tailored spectral response have been designed, fabricated, and tested in the soft and hard X-ray regions at two NSLS-II beamlines. The paper gives an overview of the sXBPM system, presents the first results from the high-power white X-ray beam, and explains why our approach can be beneficial for XBPMs in future light sources with highly coherent beams.
Paper: WEPG09
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG09
About: Received: 27 May 2024 — Revised: 28 May 2024 — Accepted: 28 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG17
Design of a non-invasive bunch length monitor using coherent synchrotron radiation simulations
2222
Synchrotron radiation (SR) is a phenomena found in most accelerator facilities. Whilst many look to reduce the amount of SR produced to minimize beam losses, its existence allows for several types of novel non-invasive beam instrumentation. The aim of this study is to use SR in the development of a non-invasive, high resolution, longitudinal bunch length monitor. The monitor will be capable of sub 100 fs bunch measurements, which are becoming more common in novel acceleration and free electron laser facilities. This contribution details the simulation work carried out in Synchrotron Radiation Workshop (SRW), which allows for complex studies into the production and features of coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). The design of the monitor has also been discussed, alongside simulations of the planned optical setup performed in Zemax OpticStudio (ZOS).
Paper: WEPG17
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG17
About: Received: 08 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG33
ESS WS scintillator system design and test results
2276
The WS superconducting systems are based on scintillator detectors and wavelength shifting fibers are mounted on the beam pipe. The detectors are coupled to long haul optical fibers, which carry the signals to custom front end electronics sitting in controls racks at the surface. The acquisition chain have been characterized at IHEP (Protvino), CERN PSB, COSY Juelich and SNS before installation in the ESS tunnel. The beam test results of this system design, differing from the standard approach where photomultipliers are coupled to the scintillator will be presented.
Paper: WEPG33
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG33
About: Received: 08 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG36
Mechanical design of the thermal imaging system for the FRIB target
2287
As the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) ramps up to 400 kW, a thermal imaging system (TIS) is essential to monitor the beam spot on the production target. The TIS is an array of mirrors and a telescope in the target vacuum chamber; this relays the image through a window to the optics module outside the chamber. The design presented many challenges from alignment, to remote installation of the TIS and integrated shielding, and repeatable re-installation of the mirror array and optics module. The target TIS has been in operation since 2021 and supports FRIB operations for secondary beam production, with incident power up to 10 kW. The temperatures seen validate the expected temperatures from analysis. The mechanical design of the FRIB target TIS is presented here as well as initial performance.
Paper: WEPG36
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG36
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG49
Beam studies using a Cherenkov diffraction based beam position monitor for AWAKE
2327
A beam position monitor based on Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) is being investigated as a way to disentangle the signals generated by the electromagnetic fields of a short-pulse electron bunch from a long proton bunch co-propagating in the AWAKE plasma acceleration experiment at CERN. These ChDR BPMs have undergone renewed testing under a variety of beam conditions with proton and electron bunches in the AWAKE common beamline, at 3 different frequency ranges between 20-110 GHz to quantify the effectiveness of discriminating the electron beam position with and without proton bunches present. These results indicate an increased sensitivity to the electron beam position in the highest frequency bands. Furthermore, high frequency studies investigating the proton bunch spectrum show that a much higher frequency regime is needed to exclude the proton signal than previously expected.
Paper: WEPG49
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG49
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG58
Characterizing optical synchrotron radiation in the geometric optical phase space and optimizing the energy transport to a photo detector
2358
At the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) facility, an electron beam is generated by a thermionic electron gun, pre-accelerated to 53 MeV by a microtron and then ramped up to 500 MeV in a booster synchrotron before being injected into the storage ring, where a final electron energy of 2.5 GeV is reached. Compared to a 2D camera, when using 1D photodetectors either directly at the synchrotron light port or after a fiber optics segment, the optic design goal is to maximize the optical intensity at the photo detector, rather than to keep spacial coherence. In this field of non-imaging optics the emitter, optical setup and sink can be modeled in the optical phase space, with the etendue being the conserved quantity and position and angle the independent variables. In this contribution we describe the synchrotron radiation emitted at a dipole in the KARA booster synchrotron and the imaging setup into an optical multimode fiber with this formalism and compare the results with measurements at the synchrotron light port of the booster synchrotron.
Paper: WEPG58
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG58
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG64
The study of single bunch instability at the Taiwan Photon Source
2371
Single-bunch instability is studied at the Taiwan Photon Source both with and without bunch-by-bunch feedback (BBF). The instability thresholds are investigated at various chromaticities by increasing the bunch current until the instability occurs. BBF and chromaticity can increase the maximum stored bunch current and allow the tune to cross the unstable region. As the bunch current increase, the tune around the betatron frequency decreases and the tune around the synchrotron sideband increases. High radiation doses are detected by beam loss monitors when the bunch current exceeds 2 mA, near the unstable region, originating from synchrotron light scattered by the photon absorber. As the single bunch becomes unstable, electron beam loss occurs after the first band magnet of the straight section with the smallest vertical aperture.
Paper: WEPG64
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG64
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 16 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG67
SiPM integration testing for FACET-II pair spectrometer
2382
A pair spectrometer, designed to capture single-shot gamma spectra over a range extending from 10 MeV through 10 GeV, is being developed at UCLA for installation at SLAC’s FACET-II facility. Gammas are converted to electrons and positions via pair production in a beryllium target and are then subsequently magnetically analyzed. These charged particles are then recorded in an array of quartz Cherenkov cells attached to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). As the background environment is challenging, both in terms of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic pulse radiation, extensive beamline testing is warranted. To this end, we present Geant4 Monte Carlo studies, assembly of the SiPMs, and future testing plans.
Paper: WEPG67
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG67
About: Received: 16 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG84
Status of the new bunch length measurement system downstream of the injector of the S-DALINAC
2415
Energy-recovery linacs provide high beam currents with lower RF power requirements compared to conventional machines while maintaining the high beam quality of a linac. The S-DALINAC is a thrice-recirculating accelerator operating at a frequency of 3 GHz that is capable of being operated as a multi-turn superconducting energy-recovery linac. Its efficiency is currently limited by the bunch length, which by now is measured using the RF zero-crossing method. In order to improve both accuracy and measurement time a new setup using a streak camera is developed. Optical transition radiation from electron bunches passing an aluminum-coated Kapton screen is used to produce light pulses that can be measured with the streak camera. An imaging system consisting of multiple mirrors is used to maintain a high temporal resolution for the measurement and to support in shielding the streak camera from harmful radiation. The device will be used at two different measurement setups downstream of the injector. The design and current status of the measurement setup will be presented.
Paper: WEPG84
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG84
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPG90
Reflectivity studies and production of new flat mirrors for the Cherenkov threshold detectors at CERN
2434
Cherenkov threshold detectors (XCET) are used for identifying particles in the experimental areas at CERN. These detectors observe Cherenkov light emitted by charged particles travelling inside a pressurized gas vessel. A key component of the XCET detector is the 45-degree flat mirror reflecting the Cherenkov light towards the photomultiplier (PMT). A thorough analysis and optimization was conducted on the design and materials of this mirror, along with the surface coatings and coating techniques. A suitable manufacturing process was selected, and the first mirror prototype was produced, installed, and tested in the East Area at CERN. Experimental data obtained during beam tests is presented to assess the efficiency of the new coating and materials used.
Paper: WEPG90
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPG90
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR09
Status of the synchrotron radiation studies in the interaction region of the FCC-ee
2473
The FCC-ee is a proposed high-luminosity circular electron-positron collider which will have beam energies spanning from 45.6 to 182.5 GeV, and will radiate up to 50 MW of synchrotron radiation power per beam. The lattice design upstream of the interaction point is based on weak dipoles and long straight sections combined with a 30 mrad crossing angle. The optics design provides a flat beam at the IP while integrating an anti-solenoid and detector solenoid. This paper summarizes the design principle and performance of the FCC-ee synchrotron radiation collimation scheme and provides insights into the synchrotron radiation simulations within the interaction region, conducted with BDSIM using the GEANT4 toolkit. Special attention is turned to the complexity of the transverse beam tails, including their width and particle density, representing valuable perspectives for the design of an effective synchrotron radiation collimation system.
Paper: WEPR09
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR09
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR18
The design and electromagnetic analyses of the new elements in the FCC-ee IR vacuum chamber
2508
High currents of bunched electron and positron beams plan to be used in the proposed FCC-ee collider to achieve a high luminosity. Naturally, the impedance of the interaction region of the FCC must be as small as possible. Previously, a very smooth beam pipe in the interaction region was designed, and now we add necessary elements important for the beam operation, reduced backgrounds, and assembly. Among these elements are BPMs, expansion bellows, extension of the common beam pipe, and an elliptical synchrotron radiation mask. These new elements will be analyzed to see if they increase the impedance and, then, followed by discussions how to mitigate any issue.
Paper: WEPR18
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR18
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR25
Conceptual RF design and modelling of a 704 MHz cavity for the muon cooling complex
2532
The Muon Cooling Complex is a crucial component of the future high-energy Muon Collider, where the ionization cooling technique is employed to reduce muon beam emittance by several orders of magnitude. This cooling technique necessitates the utilization of normal conducting, RF-accelerating cavities operating within a multi-Tesla magnetic field. This study illustrates the conceptual RF design of a 704 MHz copper cavity equipped with beryllium windows for the muon cooling demonstrator. Based on the specifications from the beam dynamics, frequency-domain eigenmode simulations have been conducted to calculate the primary RF figure of merits for the cavity. Subsequently, the cavity geometry has been optimized based on the results obtained from the eigenmode simulations. In a selected case, more advanced engineering analyses, including thermo-mechanical and Lorentz Force Detuning (LFD) simulations, have been performed to enable operation at gradients of up to 44 MV/m within strong solenoidal magnetic fields of up to 7.2 T.
Paper: WEPR25
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR25
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR26
Radiation shielding studies for superconducting magnets in multi-TeV muon colliders
2536
Circular muon colliders provide the potential to explore center-of-mass energies at the multi-TeV scale within a relatively compact footprint. Because of the short muon lifetime, only a small fraction of stored beam particles will contribute to the physics output, while most of the muons will decay in the collider ring. The resulting power carried by decay electrons and positrons can amount to hundreds of Watt per meter. Dedicated shielding configurations are needed for protecting the superconducting magnets against the decay-induced heat and radiation damage. In this paper, we present generic shielding studies for two different collider options (3 TeV and 10 TeV), which are presently being explored by the International Muon Collider Collaboration. We show that the key parameter for the shielding design is the heat deposition in the magnet cold mass, which will be an important cost factor for facility operation due to the associated power consumption.
Paper: WEPR26
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR26
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR27
FLUKA simulations of neutrino-induced effective dose at a Muon Collider
2540
During the operation of a muon collider in an underground tunnel, most circulating muons decay into an electron (or positron) and a neutrino-antineutrino pair, resulting in a narrow disk of high-energy neutrinos emitted radially in the collider plane and emerging on the Earth’s surface at distances of several km. Thus, dedicated studies are required to assess any potential radiation protection risks to the public due to the interaction of such neutrinos near the surface. This work presents a set of FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations aimed at characterizing the radiation showers generated by the interactions of high-energy neutrinos from TeV-scale muon decays in a reference sample of soil. The results are expressed in terms of effective dose in soil at different distances from the muon decay, quantifying the peak dose and the width of the radiation cone, for beam energies of 1.5 TeV and 5 TeV. The implications of these results for realistic muon collider scenarios are discussed, along with possible methods to mitigate the local neutrino flux.
Paper: WEPR27
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR27
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR28
Radiation load studies for the proton target area of a multi-TeV muon collider
2544
Muon production in the multi-TeV muon collider studied by the International Muon Collider Collaboration is planned to be performed with a high-power proton beam interacting with a fixed target. The design of the target area comes with a set of challenges related to the radiation load to front-end equipment. The confinement of the emerging pions and muons requires very strong magnetic fields achievable only by superconducting solenoids, which are sensitive to heat load and long-term radiation damage. The latter concerns the ionizing dose in insulation, as well as the displacement damage in the superconductor. The magnet shielding design has to limit the heat deposition and ensure that the induced radiation damage is compatible with the operational lifetime of the muon production complex. Finally, the fraction of the primary beam passing through the target unimpeded poses a need for an extraction channel. In this study, we use the FLUKA Monte Carlo code to assess the radiation load to the solenoids, and we explore the possible spent proton beam extraction scenarios taking into account the constraints stemming from the beam characteristics and the required magnetic field strength.
Paper: WEPR28
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR28
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR31
Introducing a semi-Gaussian mixture model for simulating multiple coulomb scattering in RF-track
2556
Within the context of a design study of a LINAC for ionization cooling, this paper presents the result of incorporating a scattering model in RF-Track (v2.1) for charged particles heavier than electrons. This inclusion enables simulations for applications like ionization cooling channels for muon colliders. Within RF-Track, a novel semi-Gaussian mixture model has been introduced to describe the deflection of charged particles in material. This innovative model comprises a Gaussian core and a non-Gaussian tail function to account for the effects of single hard scattering. To validate the accuracy of our results, we conducted a benchmarking comparison against other particle tracking codes, with the outcomes demonstrating a high level of agreement.
Paper: WEPR31
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR31
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR46
Experimental designs of coherent synchrotron radiation in complex beams
2601
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is one critical beam collective effect in high-energy accelerators, which impedes the generation of high-brightness beams. The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility is unique in the experimental investigation of CSR effects in complex beams, offering a large parameter space for the bunch charge and size, various bunch profiles (round and flat beams), and the capability of generating shaped bunches through both laser shaping and the emittance exchange approach. This presentation will outline planned experiments at AWA and their designs, including a CSR shielding study using a dipole chamber with a variable gap size, and the effect of CSR on the beam phase space in a laser-shaped short electron bunch. This work is part of a comprehensive study involving self-consistent CSR code development and experimental investigation. The experimental component aims to provide benchmarking with the advanced codes under development, explore the boundaries of 1/2/3D CSR effects on beam dynamics, evaluate CSR effects in complex beams, and eventually propose CSR mitigation strategies.
Paper: WEPR46
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR46
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 23 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR49
Near-infrared noise in intense electron beams
2608
Requirements for the noise in electron beams (NEB) have recently approached the Shot-noise level in some new applications. The density fluctuations of intense beams in the near-infrared (NIR) region are being measured at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility. The main goal of the experiment is to accurately compare the Shot-noise model with the observations of optical transition radiation (OTR) generated by the gamma=63 electron beam transiting an Al metal surface. In addition, evidence for longitudinal-space-charge-induced microbunching for the chicane-compressed beam was obtained with coherent enhancements up to 100 in the various bandwidth-filtered NIR OTR photodiode signals. With micropulse charges up to 1 nC, the beam parameters are close to those proposed for a stage in an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) with coherent electron cooling (CEC). In this paper we present the current progress of the NEB project and compare the low electron energy measurements with ImpactX simulations.
Paper: WEPR49
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR49
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPR56
Xsuite: an integrated beam physics simulation framework
2623
Xsuite is a modular simulation package bringing to a single flexible and modern framework capabilities of different tools developed at CERN in the past decades notably MAD-X Sixtrack Sixtracklib COMBI and PyHEADTAIL. The suite consists of a set of Python modules (Xobjects, Xpart, Xtrack, Xcoll, Xfields, Xdeps) that can be flexibly combined together and with other accelerator-specific and general-purpose python tools to study complex simulation scenarios. Different computing platforms are supported including conventional CPUs as well as GPUs from different vendors. The code allows for symplectic modeling of the particle dynamics combined with the effect of synchrotron radiation impedances feedbacks space charge electron cloud beam-beam beamstrahlung and electron lenses. For collimation studies beam-matter interaction is simulated using the K2 scattering model or interfacing Xsuite with the BDSIM/Geant4 library and with the FLUKA code. Methods are made available to compute and optimize the accelerator lattice functions, chromatic properties and equilibrium beam sizes. By now the tool has reached a mature stage of development and is used for simulations studies by a large and diverse user community.
Paper: WEPR56
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPR56
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 23 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPS07
Particles and photon attenuating behavior of lead-free Eu3⁺ doped barium phosphate glass system
2705
The study investigates the radiation attenuation performance of five ternary glass systems with varying chemical compositions: 50P2O5-(50-x)BaO-xEu2O3, where x = 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 mol%. It utilizes theoretical and Monte Carlo methods to determine shielding parameters such as attenuation coefficients, mean free path, value layers, electron densities, conductivity and neutron removal cross-sections across an energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV. In addition to these analyses, the study explores kinetic energy stopping potentials and projected ranges of ions (H+, He+, and C+) through the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter database. Furthermore, research evaluates the dose rate attenuation behaviour and trajectories of photons bombarded from 137Cs and 60Co sources using Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System. Obtained results show that sample: 50P2O5-44BaO-6Eu2O3 with higher Eu3+-doped glass has a potential for radiation shielding application among selected samples and is comparable with previously recommended, tested polymer and glass samples.
Paper: WEPS07
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPS07
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPS20
Field emission experience, statistics and challenges with ESS elliptical cryomodules
2739
ESS elliptical cryomodules, CEA-INFN-STFC in-kind contribution, undergo site acceptance test at ESS Lund Test Stand (TS2). Here the Field Emission operation experience, modules performances statistics and limiting mechanism, diagnostics equipment and analysis tool are described. High energy field emission and dose rate operational challenges and long-term superconducting LINAC operational strategy are described.
Paper: WEPS20
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPS20
About: Received: 19 May 2024 — Revised: 23 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPS27
HPR and plasma processing of a superconducting 360 MHz CH cavity
2754
Goethe University (GU), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) and Helmholtz Institut Mainz (HIM) work in collaboration on the Helmholtz Linear Accelerator (HELIAC). A new superconducting (SC) continuous wave (CW) high-intensity heavy ion linear accelerator (Linac) will provide ion beams with a maximum duty factor up to beam energies of 7.3 MeV/u. The acceleration voltage will be provided by SC Crossbar H-mode (CH) cavities, developed by the Institute for Applied Physics (IAP) at GU. Preparation methods were investigated to increase their performance. High-pressure rinsing (HPR) with ultra-pure water was performed at HIM and recovered the maximum electric field of a 360 MHz 19-cell CH cavity from Ea = 1.6 MV/m to Ea = 8.4 MV/m. This result exceeds the prior highest electric field observed of Ea = 7 MV/m by 20%. The effect of helium processing has been subsequently investigated. The cavity has been processed for a total of 2 hours at a cavity pressure of 5e-5 mBar. The performance measurement showed promising results, with an increase in maximum gradient and a change in Q-slope behavior. Further tests of helium processing concerning the reproducibility, longevity, and optimization of the observed effects are scheduled at IAP.
Paper: WEPS27
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPS27
About: Received: 12 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
WEPS81
Optimizing the magnetic circuit of HTSU through REBCO tape selection
2895
The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has conducted a study on the magnetic circuit design of a high-temperature superconducting undulator (HTSU). This study explores the potential use of second-generation high-temperature superconducting (2G-HTS) materials in undulator magnet, which offer advantages such as higher current density and operating temperature. To evaluate the feasibility of HTSU design, a preliminary magnetic circuit analysis has been conducted. The simulation of the HTSU involved the use of several commercial 2G-HTS tapes with different widths. Insulating and non-insulating HTS tapes were compared to evaluate their effects on current density and magnetic field. Additionally, the maximum field strength on the surface of the tape was determined to establish the optimal operating temperature and current density for the HTSU. These simulation results provide valuable insights for optimizing the design and performance of the HTSU, ultimately contributing to advancements in particle accelerator technologies.
Paper: WEPS81
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-WEPS81
About: Received: 09 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THAD3
Spatio-temporal measurements of stripper foil temperatures at 1.7 MW H⁻ beam power at the SNS
2925
We propose and demonstrate a time-resolved, two-dimensional temperature monitoring technique for nanocrystalline diamond stripper foils exposed to high-intensity hydrogen ion (H-) beams at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring which is independent of foil emissivity. The technique utilizes a two-color imaging pyrometer in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral band to measure thermal radiation from stripper foils located 40 meters away from the measurement site. This work presents a unique optical design, optical calibration of the system using a high-temperature blackbody source, preliminary temperature measurement results from two stripper foils (new and used) under various H‒ production beam conditions with average powers up to 1.7 MW and energy of 1.0 GeV. This technique can be utilized to understand the thermal behavior of charge strippers under high-intensity particle beams, providing crucial feedback to operations to control foil temperature and ensure foil lifetime.
Paper: THAD3
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THAD3
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPC11
Beam trajectory influence on dispersion and uniform beams at NASA Space Radiation Laboratory’s beamline
2985
The AGS Booster synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory delivers resonant slow extracted beams to a fixed target beamline called the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). Experimenters at the NSRL require uniformly distributed radiation fields over large area to simulate the cosmic ray space radiation environment. The facility generates the uniform distribution using a pair of octupole magnets in the transport line. The beamline is designed to produce a achromatic optics through the octupoles and to the target. However, the dispersion function depends on the trajectory of the beam as it is transported out of the booster and into the NSRL beamline. The dependence on this trajectory has not been previously studied. In this paper, we describe a new model we have developed to study this effect and show measurements to compare to our simulations.
Paper: THPC11
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPC11
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPC35
Impact of insertion devices on SSRF‑U lattice
3068
The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility upgrade (SSRF-U) lattice is a 4th generation, 3 GeV, upgrade plan for SSRF. It aims to reach the diffraction limit while keeping the existing beam lines and spaces. The majority of insertion devices (IDs) in operation of current SSRF will be considered as the ID scheme in SSRF-U. The kick-map method has been used to build ID models, including the EPUs and SCW. Optical distortion caused by IDs was compensated using both local and global corrections. Then, frequency map analysis (FMA) method was used to identify potentially dangerous resonance lines. After considering high-order magnetic field errors, the dynamic aperture, energy acceptance, and Touschek lifetime were examined.
Paper: THPC35
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPC35
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPC82
Design of the low-emittance complex bend lattice
3233
The demands of a higher brightness photon beam push the electron beam emittance of storage rings towards a diffraction-limited level. The concept of multi-bend achromat (MBA) structure and its variations, containing multiple dipoles in a cell, has been widely employed in the fourth-generation storage ring light sources. Recently, a novel concept of lattice structure, called complex bend lattice, extends the option for low emittance ring lattice design. This paper presents the developed low-emittance complex bend lattices. The benefits of using complex bends include low natural emittance, long straights for IDs, more free space for accelerator equipment, and reduced power consumption for magnets.
Paper: THPC82
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPC82
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG31
First studies on error mitigation by interaction point fast feedback systems for FCC-ee
3322
During operation, the Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) will be subject to vibrations from mechanical sources and ground motion, resulting in errors with respect to the closed orbit. To achieve physics performance, luminosity and beam lifetime must be kept to design specifications. To correct for errors at the IPs, a fast feedback system is required. In this paper, we present the tolerances for the allowable beam offsets at the interaction points (IPs) and propose a fast feedback system to address these errors, with the methods of detecting and correcting errors discussed.
Paper: THPG31
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG31
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG41
CXLS ionizing and laser radiation safety interlock systems
3352
The Compact X-ray Light Source (CXLS) requires the acceleration of electron bunches to relativistic energies, which collide with focused IR laser pulses to produce X-rays which are then transported to the experiment hutch. A class 4 UV laser is used at the photocathode to liberate the electrons that are generated via the photoelectric effect. During electron acceleration bremsstrahlung radiation (gamma and neutron) is generated through electron interactions with solid matter. In the experiment hutch the X-rays then interact with the sample under test in pump-probe configuration where the pump laser is another class 4 laser with a wide spectral range from deep UV to THz. Interlock systems have been designed and deployed to protect users of the facility from exposure to these ionizing and laser radiation hazards. We present the design architecture of CXLS interlock systems. In this description we make clear what systems are independent, and which are interdependent and what administrative override modes are made available and why. We also provide an overview of our monthly interlock system testing protocols and conclude with comments on overall system performance.
Paper: THPG41
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG41
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG42
Radiation levels in the LHC tunnel and impact on electronics during the 2023 Pb ion run
3355
The 2023 operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN included a one-month-long run with fully stripped Pb ion beams, marking the first heavy-ion run since 2018, and delivering Pb ion collisions at an unprecedented center-of-mass energy of 5.36 TeV per nucleon pair. During this period, the radiation fields in the LHC tunnel have been measured by means of different radiation monitors, including Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs), RadMons, and distributed optical fiber dosimeters, with the primary goal of quantifying the radiation exposure of electronic systems. The radiation levels are driven by the Bound Free Pair Production (BFPP) and Electromagnetic Dissociation (EMD) processes taking place in all four interaction points, yielding significant radiation peaks in the Dispersion Suppressor (DS) regions of the tunnel. An overview of the radiation levels is presented in this contribution, with a special focus on the Insertion Region 2 (IR2) hosting the ALICE experiment, where a new collimator (TCLD) has been installed specifically for the ion run. The impact of radiation on the electronic systems and on the LHC availability during the run will also be discussed.
Paper: THPG42
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG42
About: Received: 08 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG45
The onine radiation monitoring system for Hefei Advanced Light Facility
3366
An advanced online monitoring system with dual systems is being developing for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF). One is based on the C language, which integrates data acquisition, storage and interface display. The other is based on EPICS system, which developed Input/Output Controller (IOC) and Operator Interface (OPI) for data acquisition and display. The two systems are based on Ethernet TCP / IP protocol for data communication, but they are independent. The on-line radiation monitoring system of Hefei Advanced Light Source (ORMSH) have the function of neutron and gamma dose monitoring and alarming. The ORMSH contains 160 monitors for workplace monitoring and environmental monitoring. Each monitor combines data collection, storage, automatic upload. two alarm methods will be adopted for dose interlocking in ORMSH: instantaneous dose rate alarming and cumulative dose alarming. This paper describes in detail the implementation of the system infrastructure and functions.
Paper: THPG45
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG45
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG46
Research on Monte Carlo model of radiation source in HLS storage ring
3369
Hefei Light Source (HLS) is the first dedicated synchrotron radiation facility in China. HLS-II operates in the TOP-OFF constant-current mode. For the safety of personnel, it is crucial to analyze the radiation fields applying Monte Carlo. The radiation source directly affects the results. The paper discusses the impact of three radiation source models on the radiation field results. In the first model, beam averaged losses over eight bend magnets. The second model assuming that there is a uniform loss at all beam pipes and bend magnets. The third model assumes that beam losses uniformly in a torus pipe. The radiation field during TOP-OFF constant-current of HLS-II storage ring was simulated applying FLUKA. The position and direction sampling equations were constructed for different radiation sources. Simulation results indicated that the dose rates of the second model was consistent to the torus uniform loss model. The calculation results of two models are in accord with the actual situation. As for the simulations on the radiation fields and radiation shield design in the storage ring, the torus radiation source with uniform loss is more convenient to operate.
Paper: THPG46
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG46
About: Received: 13 May 2024 — Revised: 24 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG50
Lifetime studies of magnet protection systems for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
3378
In the architecture of the protection of the superconducting magnets of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), systems such as Quench Heater Discharge Power Supplies (HDS), Local Protection Interface Module (LIM), Linear Redundant Power Supplies (LPR), and Power Packs (LPUS) are crucial. Thousands of these devices, some in operation since 2007, directly impact LHC’s availability and reliability. This paper delves into comprehensive lifetime studies on these critical systems. The methodology involves estimating their remaining operational lifespan through detailed analyses of failure modes, assessing electronic component criticality, accelerated aging of electrolytic capacitors, inspections, and irradiation tests at both component and system levels. The study concludes by presenting essential findings, including the estimated remaining lifetime of each equipment. Additionally, the paper recommends future developments to enhance system robustness, offering valuable insights for maximizing the longevity of these critical devices. This research significantly contributes to ensuring the sustained reliability and performance of the LHC's magnet protection systems.
Paper: THPG50
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG50
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG52
Design, manufacturing and validation of the new quench heater discharge power supplies for the protection of superconducting magnets for the High-Luminosity LHC Project at CERN
3386
The Quench Heater Discharge Power Supplies (HDS) are magnet protection devices installed in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that, upon detection of a magnet quench, release energy into the copper-plated stainless-steel strip heaters, inducing a resistive transition all along the superconducting coils. Such a distributed internal heating ensures an even energy dissipation across the entire volume, preventing local overheating and magnet damage. Over 6000 HDS units have been operational in the LHC tunnel since 2007. The new HDS design for protection of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) Inner Triplet magnets, to be installed in the Long Shutdown starting in 2026, calls for a more advanced design with up-to-date components resulting in a higher reliability of the HDS units. Several HDS prototypes were produced at CERN, eventually culminating in the development of the HL-LHC HDS version to be installed in the accelerator. This paper describes the design of the upgraded HDS units and the comprehensive safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, coupled with extensive operational tests, including irradiation tests, that have been conducted.
Paper: THPG52
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG52
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG58
Radiation levels from a beam gas curtain instrument at the LHC at CERN
3393
A prototype Beam Gas Curtain (BGC) monitor was installed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN to provide 2D images of the transverse beam profile during the ongoing Run 3 (2022 to date) and in view of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade (HL-LHC). By design, the BGC operation generates collisions between the beam particles and an injected gas jet proportionally to the beam intensity and the gas density, possibly causing radiation-induced issues to the downstream LHC equipment. In this work, the radiation showers from the BGC are characterized using measured data from different LHC radiation monitors during the Run 3 BGC operation, along with Monte Carlo simulations with the FLUKA code. Finally, predictions of the expected radiation showers during the operation of the BGC in the HL-LHC era are discussed.
Paper: THPG58
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG58
About: Received: 10 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPG62
FRIB target thermal image processing for accurate temperature mapping
3409
The FRIB carbon disc target receives the primary beam at high power and produces rare isotope fragments. To avoid damaging the carbon disc target, it is rotated at 500 RPM and cooled. If these thermal management mechanisms fail, local temperatures on the target can increase to the point of material sublimation and structural failure. A thermal imaging camera was temperature calibrated and installed for the purpose of monitoring the target temperature map in real time. Various image processing strategies were deployed to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the resulting image. Processing stages include conversion from intensity to temperature, median filtering to remove dead pixels, and flat field correction to compensate for vignetting and edge effects.
Paper: THPG62
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPG62
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR30
Beam optics modelling of slow-extracted very high-energy heavy ions from the CERN Proton Synchrotron for radiation effects testing
3560
Testing of space-bound microelectronics plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of electronics exposed to the challenging radiation environment of outer space. This contribution describes the beam optics studies carried out for the run held in November 2023 in the context of the CERN High-Energy Accelerators for Radiation Testing and Shielding (HEARTS) experiment. It also delves into an investigation of the initial conditions at the start of the transfer line from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to the CERN High Energy Accelerator Mixed-field (CHARM) facility. Comprehensive optics measurement and simulation campaigns were carried out for this purpose and are presented here. Using a validated optics model of the transfer line, the impact of air scattering on the beam size was quantified with MAD-X and FLUKA, providing valuable insights into the current performance and limitations for Single Event Effects (SEE) testing at CHARM.
Paper: THPR30
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR30
About: Received: 07 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR41
Investigating pulsed slow extraction schemes at the MedAustron synchrotron
3595
The temporal characteristics of ultra-high dose rate beams delivered for FLASH research are often dictated by machine constraints, making it challenging to compare the outcomes across studies performed at different facilities. To broaden the opportunities for systematic, non-clinical FLASH research, this study explores methods to deliver beams with customizable time structures from a medical synchrotron. The studies are being performed at the center for ion beam therapy and research MedAustron and aim at extracting ultra-high dose rate proton beams in a series of pulses with adjustable dose per pulse, pulse length and pulse separation down to sub-ms levels. This contribution describes the implementation of the extraction methods explored for this application, phase displacement and radio frequency knockout extraction, and presents first measurement results. The measurement setup employs a silicon carbide detector in conjunction with a 20 MHz bandwidth amplifier, enabling intensity measurements with a resolution exceeding the synchrotron revolution period.
Paper: THPR41
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR41
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR46
FLASH proton therapy facility design with permanent magnet
3613
We present a design of the proton FLASH radiation therapy facility using the Brag peak to be built at Stony Brook University Hospital at the Radiation Oncology Department. It includes an injector using a commercially available injector cyclotron (10-30 MeV), fixed field alternating (FFA) gradient beam lines, permanent magnet Fixed Field Alternating Gradient non-scaling variable transverse field fast-cycling synchrotron accelerator with unprecedented kinetic energy range between 10-250 MeV, and a permanent magnet delivery system the FFA gantry. This facility removes limitations of the present proton cancer therapy facilities allowing FLASH radiation to be performed with 40 Gy/s in 100 ms. This allows treatment with the FLASH therapy without magnet adjustments for any proton kinetic energy between 70-250 MeV. The proposal is based on already experimentally proven FFA concept at the Energy Recovery linac 'CBETA' built and commissioned at Cornell University.
Paper: THPR46
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR46
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR49
Electronic brachytherapy replacement of iridium-192
3625
The replacement of radionuclides used for cancer therapy with accelerators offers several advantages for both patients and medical staff. These include the elimination of: unwanted dose, specialized storage and transportation, and isotope production/replacement. Several electronic brachytherapy devices exist, and typically utilize an x-ray tube around 50 keV. These have primarily been used for skin cancer, though intraoperative applications are becoming possible. For several types of cancer, Iridium-192 has been the only brachytherapy treatment option, due to its high dose rate and 380 keV average energy. An accelerator-based alternative to Ir-192 has been developed, comprised of a 9.4 GHz, 1 MeV compact brazeless accelerator, narrow drift tube, and target. The accelerator is supported and positioned through the use of a robotic arm, allowing for remote delivery of radiation for internal cancer treatment. Preliminary results including dose rate and profile and plans for complete system demonstration will be presented.
Paper: THPR49
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR49
About: Received: 21 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR52
Medical irradiation studies at KIT accelerators
3635
Radiation therapy is an important oncological treatment method in which the tumor is irradiated with ionizing radiation. In recent years, the study of the beneficial effects of short intense radiation pulses (FLASH effect) or spatially fractionated radiation (MicroBeam/MiniBeam) have become an important research field. Systematic studies of this type often require research accelerators that are capable of generating the desired short intense pulses and, in general, possess a large and flexible parameter space for investigating a wide variety of irradiation methods. The KIT accelerators give access to complementary high-energy and time-resolved radiation sources. While the linac-based electron accelerator FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- und Testexperiment) can generate ultrashort electron bunches, the electron storage ring KARA (Karlsruhe Research Accelerator) provides a source of pulsed X-rays. In this contribution, first dose measurements at FLUTE and KARA, as well as simulations using the Monte Carlo simulation program FLUKA are presented.
Paper: THPR52
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR52
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 23 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR60
Development of a multi-angle ultrahigh dose rate MV-level X-ray radiation system for FLASH radiotherapy clinical transformation
3656
In this work, MAX FLASH system (Multi-Angle ultrahigh dose rate megavolt-level X-ray radiation system for FLASH radiotherapy) is presented. This system consists of a rapid RF power distribution network and five linacs vertically installed at different coplanar angles. The distribution network can switch all power to one terminal linac between pulses. Electron beams are accelerated to 10 MeV with more than 400 mA peak currents in the high-performance linac and then convert into X-ray at a compact rotating target. The system aims for a compact FLASH radiotherapy clinical facility with a gantry 3 meter in diameter and 2.5 meter in length, which can be installed in most of hospital radiotherapy treatment rooms. There is reserved space in the gantry for a coplanar CBCT to implement for image guidance. The gantry can rotate to an optimized angle for a better conformality before radiation while the system remains stationary and switches the operating linac during radiation. Construction of the first system prototype, with 40 Gy/s dose rate at 80 cm source-axis-distance, is supposed to be finished in the summer of 2024.
Paper: THPR60
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR60
About: Received: 12 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR62
Current status of MINIBEE: minibeam beamline for preclinical experiments on spatial fractionation in the FLASH regime
3663
In vivo studies support that the combination of protons and spatial fractionation, the so-called proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBT), enhances the protection of normal tissue for a given tumor dose. A preclinical pMBT facility for small animal irradiation at the 68 MeV cyclotron of Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) will improve the understanding of this method. A two-step energy-degrading system will first define the maximum energy of the beam and further degrading will occur before the target forming a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), if necessary. Beam size and divergence will be adjusted by slit systems before a 90-degree magnet bending the beam into the experimental room. At the current stage, a magnetic quadrupole triplet placed close to the target demagnifies the beam by a factor of ~5. The goal is to generate a magnetically focused minibeam of 50 micrometer sigma. Scanning magnets will enable a raster-scan application in the tumor. Conventional dose rate delivery will be allowed while FLASH applications can be achieved with the possible use of a ridge filter. The results of beamline simulations by TRACE-3D and BDSIM will be presented.
Paper: THPR62
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR62
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR68
Field shaping techniques in a spectrometer magnet in the presence of ferromagnetic shielding
3674
The Targeted Alpha Tumor Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions (TATTOOS) project at the Paul Scherrer Institute aims to produce large quantities of radioisotopes (in the range of GBq), mainly Terbium-149, for the promising Targeted Alpha-particle Therapy (TAT) against metastasized cancer. To facilitate this, a new electromagnetic separator is currently being designed. Comprising two spectrometer magnets, the design of the separator is crucial, with magnetic properties and fringe fields strongly influencing beam characteristics and purity of the collected radioisotopes. The first of these magnets is exposed to high radiation and has strong requirements on surrounding shielding materials. The required steel for effective fast-neutron shielding introduces distortions to the field in the spectrometers. In this paper, we explore techniques to mitigate the sensitivity of the magnet to nearby shielding materials. The investigation begins with simulating a dipole magnet, assessing produced fringe fields, and understanding the influence of surrounding steel walls. Various methods, including Rogowski-profile ends, mirror plates, field clamps, and end shunts, are investigated to correct the aberrations in the generated field. The evaluation of produced field maps is quantified using harmonics, and the potential for tuning fringe fields with a sequence of end shunts is explored. Ultimately, the paper identifies the most suitable method for implementation in the TATTOOS project.
Paper: THPR68
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR68
About: Received: 20 May 2024 — Revised: 24 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR70
Development of a compact electron cyclotron resonance accelerator for industrial and security applications
3678
We describe the development of a novel accelerator, an electron Cyclotron Resonance Accelerator (eCRA) [1], to produce high power electron beams and X-ray beams for medical, research, sterilization, and national security applications. The several attractive features of eCRA include: a compact robust room-temperature single-cell RF cavity as the accelerating structure; continuous ampere-level high current output; and production of a self-rastering electron beam, thus eliminating the need for a separate beam scanner. Progress on the eCRA development, including numerical simulation, engineering design, and on-going experimental efforts will be reported here.
Paper: THPR70
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR70
About: Received: 24 May 2024 — Revised: 24 May 2024 — Accepted: 24 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR72
The X-ray imaging laboratory: a radiation test facility for validating industrial linacs
3684
The X-ray Imaging Laboratory is a radiation test facility developed by Rapiscan systems at their facility in Stoke-On-Trent, UK. The X-ray Imaging Laboratory comprises two areas: the Test Facility and the Linac Development Area. The Test Facility is a state-of-the-art facility designed for subsystem and system level testing of x-ray imaging hardware utilizing normal conducting electron linacs with energies of up to 6MeV. The Test Facility is primarily focused on utilizing mature industrial linacs to produce x-rays for imaging validation. The Linac Development Area is a new facility focused on testing linear accelerator components and subsystems for a new generation of industrial electron linacs. The Linac Development Area includes a high voltage test area and a radiation test bunker. This allows for testing of critical components, such as modulators, in isolation in the high voltage test area and then as part of an industrial linac in the radiation test bunker.
Paper: THPR72
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR72
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR76
A new approach to solving the problem of an extended helical undulator
3690
An exact solution for the radiation field of a particle in a helical undulator, valid for an arbitrary point in space and an arbitrary particle energy, was obtained by the partial domain method, generalized for the case of spiral motion of a particle. The interface between the regions is a cylindrical surface containing the spiral trajectory of the particle. A comparison is made with the existing solution, which is valid in the far zone at high particle energies.
Paper: THPR76
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR76
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR82
Information display board system to enhance safety management at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
3701
The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center houses two accelerators, namely the Taiwan Light Source and the Taiwan Photon Source. It also includes approxi-mately 40 end stations. The center has an information display board system that integrates information from the Instrumentation and Control Group, Experimental Facilities Division, Scien-tific Research Division, Radiation and Operation Safety Division, and User Administration and Promotion Office in the form of interactive display pages. It provides cru-cial information, such as source status, beamline details, and user sign-in data, as well as useful resources, such as end-station training courses and experimental safety approval forms. The system offers diverse use cases tailored to the spe-cific needs of different users. This paper describes how we use the information display board system to improve safety management at the center.
Paper: THPR82
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR82
About: Received: 05 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR83
Electrical fire safety assessment of the synchrotron accelerator experimental station in NSRRC
3704
The synchrotron facility and experimental station in the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) uses many electrical appliances, the improper use of which can cause fires, resulting in property damage and personal injury. Therefore, the usage of these electri-cal appliances must be assessed. This study conducted a comprehensive inspection and evaluation of the electrical appliances used in NSRRC, including extension cords and electrical connections; this was done to not only reduce the risk of fire but also emphasize the importance of electrical safety habits. We connected an extension cord reel in the NSRRC to a pump or a dehumidifier and used a thermal imaging cam-era to measure the temperature of the cord and these two appliances. We tested the extension cord reel when it was coiled up in the reel and straightened to determine which electrical appliances or extension cord states were prone to high temperatures and fires. The results showed that the extension cord was 18–20°C hotter when it was coiled than when it was straight. Therefore, we recommend that at least two-thirds of the length of the extension cord should be extended out of the reel when it is used.
Paper: THPR83
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR83
About: Received: 05 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPR86
The gamma activation measurements at Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS)
3714
SLEGS is a Laser Compton Scattering gamma source. The gamma energy is 0.66 to 21.7 MeV, and the gamma flux is approximately 4.8e+5 to 1.5e+7 phs/s. Gamma activation method is used in beam flux monitor, medical isotpoe production and nuclear astrophysics in SLEGS*. Gamma beam flux under different collimated apertures has been checked by gamma activation method by using various half-life nuclide targets with an online activation and offline measurement platform. It is consistent with the flux measured with direct method by the LaBr3 detector. The activation method will be uniquely advantageous for monitoring gamma beam with short-life nuclide in a short time.A series of potential medical isotopes giant resonance production cross sections are measured by gamma activation method, which will provide key data for medical isotopes production by photonuclear reactions. The p-nuclei’s photonuclear cross sections**, for example Ru, are measured by photoneutron and gamma activation, which can provide favorable data on the much larger abundance of 98Ru, 96Ru. The activation experiment of SLEGS provides a reliable option for different experimental research objectives in photonuclear physics.
Paper: THPR86
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPR86
About: Received: 17 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS14
Measurement of ozone concentration at the BL-02A beamline hutch in the Taiwan photon source for ensuring personnel safety
3758
The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) BL-02A beamline at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center is a curved magnet beamline designed for white light mi-crotomography experiments, wherein biological samples are irradiated with high-energy white light for structural analysis. Experimenters frequently complain of odors when entering the end-station Hutch to change samples, which may be attributed to high concentrations of ozone. Ozone is a toxic gas that is produced when white light radiation reacts with oxygen in the air. Therefore, analyz-ing the ozone concentration distribution within the Hutch is necessary to evaluate safe windows of time for personnel to enter and the type of personal protective equipment that should be used. The TPS operates at a stored energy and current of 3.0 GeV and 500 mA, respectively, with ventilation air condi-tioning turned off in the beamline Hutch. We measured ozone concentrations in regions of white light exposure at the front end (15 cm) and rear end (13.5 cm) of the Hutch, with the light source turned on for 300 s and off for 300 s. We placed the detector at different distances above, below, and to the right of the beam center. Our results demonstrated that more ozone was produced when white light was exposed for a longer duration. At any given distance, the highest amount of ozone was generat-ed above the beam center, followed by to the right side and below the beam center. These findings can serve as a reference for evaluating the health and safety of research-ers exposed to ozone in their work environments.
Paper: THPS14
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS14
About: Received: 05 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS21
Strain measurements of the Apple-X SABINA undulator with fiber Bragg grating
3777
The SABINA project will add a user facility to SPARC_LAB at INFN in Frascati (Rome). For the THz line, an electron beam is transported to the APPLE-X undulators to produce photon pulses in the ps range, with energy of tens of µJ, with linear or elliptical polarization. Each undulator has four magnetic arrays that can be moved radially simultaneously to set the operating gap. Two arrays can also move longitudinally for phase displacement. A structural analysis of this unique mechanical structure has been performed by the production company (KYMA S.p.a) to ensure good field quality and beam trajectory. To support those, a set of tests has been performed with FBG acting as strain sensors in Frascati. An FBG is a phase grating inscribed in the core of a single-mode fiber, whose Bragg-diffracted light propagates back along the fiber. Any deformation of the grating affects its pitch, which changes the diffracted Bragg wavelength thus giving information about the occurred deformation. Application of the technique at the state-of-the-art level allows to perform strain measurements with 1 µStrain resolution. Such analysis and results will be presented in this contribution.
Paper: THPS21
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS21
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 20 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS22
Design study of a compact superconducting undulator based on laser-structured HTS tapes
3781
Undulators are X-ray sources which are widely used in synchrotron storage rings or in future light sources such as free-electron lasers. Due to sustainability and energy efficiency the development envisages small-scale high-field and compact undulators with short period lengths (<10 mm) and narrow magnetic gaps (<4 mm). Therefore, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, which can provide both large critical current densities and high critical magnetic fields, are widely used and investigated at KIT. A new concept of superconducting undulators (SCUs) was introduced and further developed by laser-scribing a meander pattern into the superconducting layer to achieve quasi-sinusoidal current path through the tape. In this contribution, we present our results from the design study in respect of the cooling concept for a compact SCU. The foreseen cooling is based on the one hand on calculations of the different heat loads through synchrotron radiation, impedance, and current supplies and on the other hand on the design of the liner including the tapering.
Paper: THPS22
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS22
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS24
Assembly process and inspection results for W100
3788
The 100 mm periodic permanent magnet Wiggler (W100) was installed in the 31st straight section of the TPS storage ring in September 2020, during a prolonged shutdown of the TPS. It provides photon energy ranging from 5 to 50 keV for user experimental applications. The mechanical structure of this facility involves assembling and connecting it to the upper and lower magnetic arrays, each approximately 500 mm in length. Precise control of the gap between the magnetic arrays and accurate adjustments are required. This report primarily describes the assembly process of various components of W100 and the inspection items along with the results.
Paper: THPS24
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS24
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS27
Development of a cryogen free MgB2 high temperature superconducting undulator
3797
RadiaBeam is designing and manufacturing a 15-mm period, 1.15 T field superconducting undulator. Realizing these parameters require a small gap, on the order of 5 mm. This small gap imparts a thermal management challenge due to heating from resistive walls, wakefields, upstream dipoles, and particle losses which is challenging to overcome with NbTi or NbSn3 wires without the use of liquid helium. Further, to reduce operating costs and reliance on liquid helium infrastructure, this undulator is designed to run off cryocoolers. In order to provide sufficient thermal overhead for cryocooling capacities, we will utilize Magnesium Diboride (MgB2), a metallic superconductor with a transition temperature at around 39 K. Thermo-mechanical engineering design studies and production plans of our prototype will be presented.
Paper: THPS27
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS27
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS36
Research on key technologies for resonance injection of a compact X-ray light source
3816
To enhance the intensity of X-ray emission through bremsstrahlung radiation, a light source was designed based on an electron cyclotron and a compact electron storage ring. The compact structure and limited space posed challenges to the injection system. In this paper, we introduce the key component, the "perturbator," along with its matching pulse power supply. These were de-signed based on the half-integer resonance injection method. The injection of the electron beam via multiple perturbations enables multiple bombardments of the metal target, effectively increasing the brightness of the light source.
Paper: THPS36
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS36
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 16 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS41
Thermal analysis of rotating single slice graphite target system for FRIB
3827
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is a high power heavy ion accelerator facility at Michigan State University completed in 2022. Its driver linac is designed to accelerate all stable ions to energies above 200 MeV/u with beam power of up to 400 kW. Currently FRIB is operating at 10 kW delivering various primary beams. The target absorbs roughly 25% of the primary beam power and the rest is dissipated in the beam dump. This paper presents a brief overview of the current production target system and details the thermal analysis ANSYS simulations utilized for temperature and stress prediction. The existing single-slice rotating graphite target can accommodate up to 40 kW for lighter beams, with a planned transition to a multi-slice concept.
Paper: THPS41
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS41
About: Received: 09 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS43
Comparative study of decay heat calculations with FLUKA and MCNP/CINDER2008
3833
In designing a high-power tungsten target, decay heat driven temperature rise in the spallation volume is a safety concern during maintenance and in loss of coolant accidents. As tungsten hydrates and becomes volatile in steam at above 800 ◦C, it is important to keep the target temperature below this threshold when active cooling is unavailable. Decay heat in a target is calculated with particle transport simulation codes combined with transmutation codes. The calculated decay heat usually differs depending on the nuclear cross sections and the decay particle transport models built in the code architecture. In this paper, we calculated decay heat of a water-cooled tungsten target using popular particle transport codes, FLUKA and MCNP6® paired with CINDER2008 and compared the results. The target-moderator-reflector (TMR) system is modeled with a water-cooled solid tungsten target, water premoderators, liquid hydrogen cold moderators and beryllium reflectors. Water-cooled stainless-steel shielding is modeled around the TMR system. The tungsten volume is clad with a thin layer of erosion/corrosion resistant material. This study provides information about the uncertainty range in decay heat prediction of high-power spallation targets for hazard analysis.
Paper: THPS43
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS43
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS45
Proton beam power limits for stationary water-cooled tungsten target with different cladding materials
3841
The proton beam power limit for a solid-tungsten spallation target is largely determined by beam induced thermomechanical structural loads and decay heat power deposition, while its lifetime is limited by radiation damage and fatigue life of the target materials. In this paper, we studied the power limits of a stationary water-cooled solid tungsten target concept. Tantalum clad tungsten was considered as a reference case. Being a low activation material, zircaloy 2 cladding option was studied and its decay heat driven power limit was compared with the reference case. Zirconium alloys have proven operations records in spallation target and nuclear fission environments, supported by materials data obtained from post irradiation examinations. Recent study also demonstrated feasibility of diffusion bonding zirconium to tungsten using vanadium foil inter layer. Particle transport simulations code FLUKA was used to calculate energy deposition and decay heat power deposition in the target, based on the beam parameters technically feasible at the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The energy deposition data were used for flow, thermal, and structural analyses to determine the beam intensity limit on the target concept studied. The decay heat deposition data were used to calculate the transient temperature evolution in the tungsten volumes in a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) scenario to determine its beam power limit. For a 1.3 GeV proton beam, the power limit on a stationary target was 400 kW for a tantalum clad target model and 800 kW for a zircaloy 2 clad target model.
Paper: THPS45
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS45
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 21 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS53
Numerical analysis on a modified air conditioning system of the experimental hall at TPS
3861
It has been seven years since the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) started to serve users in 2016. Sixteen beamlines had been installed in the first and second phases of TPS beamline project. The third phase project was also launched in 2021. Considering the experimental hall is more compact and power saving issue, our research aimed to analyze a modified air conditioning system with better cooling efficiency through Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation. One twelfth of the TPS experimental hall and two beamlines are modeled.
Paper: THPS53
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS53
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 16 May 2024 — Accepted: 17 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS57
Radiation dose simulations for Jefferson Lab’s permanent magnet resiliency LDRD study
3872
In late 2023, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) funded a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant dedicated to investigating the impact of radiation on permanent magnet materials. This research initiative is specifically geared towards assessing materials slated for use in the CEBAF energy upgrade. The experimental approach involves strategically placing permanent magnet samples throughout the accelerator, exposing them to varying radiation doses. The simulation code BDSIM is used to first validate the data and then to simulate the effects on future higher energy passes to study the degradation effects on the permanent magnets. In this paper we present the progress of that work.
Paper: THPS57
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS57
About: Received: 15 May 2024 — Revised: 18 May 2024 — Accepted: 21 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS58
Permanent magnet resiliency in CEBAF’s radiation environment: LDRD grant status and plans
3875
As the FFA@CEBAF energy upgrade study progresses, it is important to investigate the impact of radiation exposure on the permanent magnet materials to be used in the upgraded fixed field alternating gradient (FFA) arcs. To address this, Jefferson Lab has awarded a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) grant to study the resiliency of several permanent magnet materials placed in a radiation environment similar to that in which they are expected to operate. Samples of NdFeB and SmCo are to be placed alongside appropriate dosimetry in a variety of radiation environments in the beam enclosure and experimental halls at CEBAF. The magnet degradation will be measured, and extrapolated to the higher energies expected during operations after the energy upgrade. This document will describe the current status of the LDRD study, as well as describe the upcoming plans. It will also direct the readers to other proceedings which further detail the work thus far.
Paper: THPS58
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS58
About: Received: 10 May 2024 — Revised: 16 May 2024 — Accepted: 19 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS59
Design and instrumentation for permanent magnet samples exposed to a radiation environment
3879
This work is part of a larger program to study the effects of radiation on permanent magnets in an accelerator environment. In order to be sure that the permanent magnet samples are accurately placed, measured, and catalogued we have developed a system of sample racks, holders and measuring apparatuses. We have combined these holders and measurement racks with electronics to allow a single computer to catalogue the position and intensity of the magnet measurements. We outline the design of the apparatus, the collection software, and the methodology we will use to collect the data.
Paper: THPS59
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS59
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 17 May 2024 — Accepted: 18 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS62
Perspectives and recent achievements on additive manufacturing technologies for accelerators
3890
This paper reports the exploratory studies on advanced accelerator technologies performed within the I.FAST (Innovation Fostering in Accelerator Science and Technology) EU project, and in particular the key results of the additive manufacturing Task 10.2 – “Additive Manufacturing – applications and potential developments” and Task 10.3 – “Repair of damaged accelerator components by AM technologies”. This includes results of two surveys targeted to the accelerator community: a) on current additive manufacturing applications in accelerators and expected new developments, b) on current additive manufacturing repair technologies for accelerator and list of possible applications. The paper is outlining potential additive manufacturing applications in accelerators and overall strategies applicable to accelerator components repairs benefiting from additive manufacturing technology.
Paper: THPS62
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS62
About: Received: 18 May 2024 — Revised: 22 May 2024 — Accepted: 22 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024
THPS69
Mechanical design, structural requirements and optimization of the FCC e+e- interaction region components
3904
This paper describes the mechanical design of the Future Circular Collider e+e- interaction region. The Future Circular Collider, as a forefront particle accelerator project, demands meticulous attention to the mechanical integrity and performance of its components, to the integration of the different systems and to the respect of the spatial constraint. The vacuum chamber design, the support tube and the bellows design are reported, highlighting the solutions adopted. The structural optimization method of the support structure is also presented, as well as the results obtained.
Paper: THPS69
DOI: reference for this paper: 10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2024-THPS69
About: Received: 14 May 2024 — Revised: 19 May 2024 — Accepted: 20 May 2024 — Issue date: 01 Jul 2024