While designed to be inherently stable, the accelerator upgrade SLS 2.0 will have a longitudinal multi-bunch feedback system, to be used as a diagnostics device and as a fallback against unexpected problems. Modelling the performance of the system is complicated by the presence of a passive harmonic cavity introduced for longer bunch lengths and correspondingly higher stability thresholds, which has the following effects: the voltage of the harmonic cavity varies with the beam current leading to a variation of the synchronous frequency, specially pronounced in the initial injection at very low currents. Even at full current, the presence of the ion clearing gap provokes transients in the main and harmonic system leading to a transient variation of the synchronous frequency over the bunch train. Another effect of the RF transients is a variation in the synchronous phase over the bunch train, which leads to cross talk effects, the open loop gain starts to vary with the order of the coupled bunch oscillation. The feedback filter needs to take account of all these effects for a satisfactory performance.

One of the challenges of designing the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is to mitigate beam-induced heating due to the intense electron and hadron beams. Heating of the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) vacuum chamber components is mainly due to beam-induced resistive wall loss and synchrotron radiation. For the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) components, heating is mainly due to resistive wall loss because of the large radial offset, electron cloud formation, and heat conduction from room temperature to cryo-components. In this paper, we provide an update on the beam-induced heating and thermal analysis for some EIC vacuum chamber components including the RF-fingers module of HSR cryogenic interconnect assembly. In addition, we provide simulation update for the HSR snake BPM, and abort kicker along with the change in ESR vacuum chamber profile. Similar analysis for other HSR and ESR components are available in Ref.~\cite{sangroulalocalized_NAPAC22, sangroula2023beam}. Our approach for thermal analysis involves calculating resistive wall losses using CST, evaluating heat loss due to synchrotron radiation and electron cloud formation and incorporating these losses into ANSYS for finding the temperature distribution.

The Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) is a 4th generation diffraction-limited soft x-ray radiation source. Coupling-impedance-driven instabilities have been carefully evaluated to ensure meeting the machine’s high-performance goals during the design stage. At present, the focus of impedance modeling efforts primarily revolves around supporting beam tests of key components at ALS beamlines and the fabrication of various components. This paper presents impedance measurements of the main RF bellows with the Goubau-Line, as well as thermal evaluations on beam-induced heating on the RF bellows and the booster-to-accumulator ferrite (BTA) kicker on the ALS beamline. One challenge in the impedance modeling of the BTA kicker arises from a 4-micrometer-thick TiN coating, rendering direct modeling in CST challenging. To address this, we employed the ImpedanceWake2D (IW2D) code as an initial step to validate the efficacy of RF shielding. Subsequently, an equivalent model was constructed in CST to calculate the total impedance. We also show the impedance evaluation results and reduction strategies for the keyhole bellows and photon absorbers, incorporating thermal expansion considerations. Notably, the work is essential for successfully commissioning the ALS-U project.

The intensity of the HL-LHC beam will be twice that of LHC. Hence, an upgrade of the LHC injection kickers (MKIs) is necessary for HL-LHC to avoid excessive beam induced heating of the MKIs. In addition, any newly installed MKI magnet would limit HL-LHC operation for a few hundred hours due to dynamic vacuum activity. Extensive studies have been carried out to identify solutions to address these problems and they have been implemented in an upgraded LHC injection kicker magnet (MKI Cool): the MKI Cool was installed in the LHC during the 2022-23 Year End Technical Stop. Magnet heating has been reduced by redistributing a significant portion of the beam induced power deposition from the ferrite yoke to a ferrite loaded RF Damper, which is not at pulsed high voltage, and by water cooling of the damper. Furthermore, a surface coating, to mitigate dynamic vacuum activity, has been applied. This paper discusses the upgrades, presents results from the initial operational experience, and compares the predicted and ‘measured’ beam induced power deposition.

In the framework of the MYRRHA programme, a large-scale Accelerator Driven System (ADS) being implemented by SCK CEN in Belgium, a fast pulsed magnet system is being designed and specified at CERN. A complete design study has been performed to develop the specifications and drawings for a kicker magnet, as well as the associated pulse generator to deflect the 100 MeV proton beam. This paper outlines the numerical simulations that have been set up to evaluate the performance of the kicker magnet featuring a 5 μs rise time with a variable flat top of 10 μs to 500 μs and a 250 Hz repetition rate. The design study concluded on a water-cooled lumped inductance magnet with two half coils each of 2 turns featuring a magnet aperture of 90 mm x 57 mm. The outside vacuum magnet design requires a coated ceramic vacuum chamber to pass the fast kicker field of 17.3 mT. The associated pulse generator has been designed to deliver pulses of 2 kV and 200 A matching the kicker rise time and is outlined together with the cable choice.

The SPS injection kicker system comprises twelve MKP-S (small aperture) modules and four MKP-L (large aperture) modules. An upgraded MKP-L magnet was installed in the SPS, during December 2022, in view of the higher beam intensity needed in the future for High-Luminosity-LHC. The upgrades have significantly reduced the beam coupling impedance and consequent beam induced heating. The improved performance is due to a new beam screen, consisting of silver fingers painted on an alumina chamber, inserted in each magnet’s aperture. Additionally, a surface coating on the chamber's inner surface reduces its secondary electron yield and hence dynamic vacuum activity. The effectiveness of these upgrades was demonstrated during the 2023 operation. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the initial year of operational experience with the upgraded MKP-L, giving a comparative analysis of dynamic vacuum and beam induced heating with the MKP-S modules. An alternative approach for upgrading the MKP-S modules, to reduce their temperature, is also proposed.

Fast single-turn injection kicker systems deflect incoming beam onto the orbit of the LHC. The higher intensities of High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams are predicted to cause the ferrite yokes of the LHC injection kicker magnets (MKI), in their current configuration, to heat up to their Curie temperature. Studies to reduce the beam induced heating have been carried out over the past years and resulted in a design featuring a water-cooled RF damper. A significant portion of the beam induced power has been relocated from the yoke to a ferrite in the RF damper. The ferrite damper is cooled via a copper sleeve, brazed to the ferrite, via a set of water pipes. The manufacturing of this RF damper system is challenging since different materials are brazed together to form a complex and fragile assembly, optimized for heat transfer, installed in an ultra-high vacuum environment. This paper outlines fabrication methods and their reproducibility, compares the results of measurements of the thermal interface between the ferrite and copper sleeve, and concludes on the challenges of assuring a production technique that results in a reliable and suitable thermal interface.

A central part of CERN’s Future Circular collider study (FCC) is a ~91 km circumference lepton collider and its injector complex. This contribution outlines the various kicker systems needed to transport the lepton beams from the electron source up to the collider dump system. The individual system requirements are presented, and the choice of design parameters and technology options for both, beamline elements and pulse generators are discussed. Potential challenges like the fast rise time of 50 ns for the damping ring kicker system working at 200 Hz repetition rate are highlighted, together with considerations on energy recovery. Ferrite loaded kicker magnet topologies are compared with system concepts employing strip lines. The paper concludes with a summary on the feasibility aspects and a recommendation for eventually needed prototype studies.

ALBA is working on the upgrade project that shall transform the actual storage ring, in operation since 2012, into a 4th generation light source, in which the soft X-rays part of the spectrum shall be diffraction limited. The project was launched in 2021 with an R&D budget to build prototypes of the more critical components. The storage ring upgrade is based on a MBA lattice which has to comply with several constraints imposed by the decision of maintaining the same circumference (269 m), the same number of cells (16), the same beam energy (3 GeV), and as many of the source points as possible unperturbed. At present, the lattice optimization, iterating with the technical constraints of space and performance, is ongoing. This paper presents the status of the project, with the present proposed lattice, the proposed design for magnets, vacuum chambers and girders, the proposed RF system with fundamental and harmonics cavities, and the general context of the upgrade.

At the Argonne (ANL) Advanced Photon Source (APS), a 425-MeV Particle Accumulator Ring (PAR) is used to stack 1-nC electron pulses from the linac and inject a single bunch into the booster at a 1-Hz repetition rate. All the APS injectors, including PAR, were shut down in April 2023 at the start of the APS Upgrade Dark Time. In this paper, we report on PAR re-start activities starting in Oct. 2023. The PAR vacuum pressure was unexpectedly high when first powering the fundamental and harmonic radiofrequency (rf) systems, as well as when first injecting the beam, which initially limited both the beam charge and rf gap voltage. These limits were overcome through many weeks of systematic rf and vacuum conditioning. Additional restart activities include commissioning two new kicker chambers with a special low-impedance, eddy-current-suppressing coating, commissioning of the digital low level rf system, and tests with the Injection Extraction Timing and Synchronization (IETS) system. We demonstrated initial APS-U commissioning performance goals: a stable, 5-nC injected bunch charge with a bunch length short enough for injection into the booster.

Horizontal and vertical collimators will be installed in the Diamond-II storage ring to protect the ring components against undesired losses and radiation showers. Different loss mechanisms have been studied, including lifetime effects, RF trips, injection losses and kicker misfire. In this paper, we present the latest collimator layout and collimation efficiency. In addition, the risk of damage to the collimator blades has been studied for different materials using BDSIM.

With Insertion devices adapted to Center of Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD) light source. Injection has more difficulties at low energy. We have proposed some upgrade to the facility, but we would like to look for other choices. In the paper, we will mention the CAMD operation status, discuss raising electron energy method for injection, and simulate the transfer line. The practical upgrade will be proposed. The injection lattice at high electron energy will be available. The kicker parameter will be given.

The ESRF-EBS injection is performed with a standard off-axis injection scheme consisting of two in-air septa S1/2, one in vacuum septum S3 and four kicker magnets K1 to K4 to generate the injection bump. We can achieve 80% efficiency with this scheme. Despite many modifications and adjustments which allow the reduction of the perturbation, some beamlines are still affected. The Non-Linear Kicker could be a solution to this problem because it acts only on the injected beam. This paper reports on the magnetic design of the Non-Linear Kicker, including the octupole like Magnetic field simulations, magnetic forces calculations and mechanical tolerance optimizations.

A 4th generation storage ring based light source is being developed in Korea since 2021. It features <100 pm rad emittance, about 800 m circumference, 4 GeV e-beam energy, full energy booster injection, and more than 40 beamlines which includes more than 24 insertion device (ID) beamlines. For extraction/injection to the booster and storage ring, it needs 4 septums, and 6 kickers. Particularly, for SR injection needs an eddy current septum with 1 mm septum thickness for 10 mrad bending, and a thick septum with 5 degree direct current driven septum. In this report, the design of the injection magnets (kickers, septums) for Korea-4GSR will be discussed.

Transparent off-axis injection in a storage ring by means of a non-linear kicker requires tight field tolerances at the limit of modern technique. To characterize the field profile of the non-linear kicker under development for the ALBA-II storage ring, a dedicated measurement bench based on a variant of the vibrating wire technique was developed. The small size and limited weight of the kicker magnet under study allows for some unusual solution which substantially simplify the set-up. Field mapping is obtained by scanning the magnet aperture, while keeping the wire steady, simplifying considerably the wire tensioning system. The wire is suspended vertically in a pendulum configuration eliminating the wire sagging problem and resulting in an inherently stable wire tension. Furthermore we investigate the possibility to characterize time dependent phenomena, such as the effect of eddy currents induced in the titanium coating of the magnet vacuum chamber, by using using an etherodyne approach where the magnet and the wire are excited by a continuous wave signal with period close to the characteristic kicker pulse period and differing in frequency by the wire resonance frequency

The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the oldest operating high-average-power accelerators in the United States, having recently celebrated its 50th anniversary of operation. LANSCE is comprised of an 800-MeV linac capable of concurrently accelerating both H+ and H- ions, and can presently provide beam to six separate user stations. The Proton Storage Ring (PSR) at LANSCE acts as a pulse-stacker, providing intense bunches of protons to the Lujan neutron scattering center target. Critical subsystems have become increasingly difficult to maintain due to spare parts availability; more generally, the PSR contributes significantly to our annual maintenance duration due to beam spill and component activation. The proposed LAMP project would extend the operating lifetime and improve the operational characteristics of the PSR via increasing the physical aperture by 50%; modernizing and improving the performance of the RF buncher system, extraction kickers and impedance inserts; and updating the injection line and stripper foil system for reduced injection losses and improved maintainability. This paper provides an overview of the PSR portion of LAMP.

Hefei Light Source (HLS) is a small and compact synchrotron light source with an electron beam energy of 800 MeV and a circumference of 66.13 m. The storage ring lattice adopts the Double-Bend Achromat (DBA) structure with 4 super periods. Considering the future upgrade of the injection system by using a nonlinear kicker (NLK), we optimize the dynamic performance of the storage ring. The optimization mainly aims at increase the dynamic aperture and beam lifetime, which helps improve the injection efficiency for the new injection scheme. While keeping the current layout of the lattice, the linear optics is also modified in order to improve its nonlinear performance. In this paper, we represent our work on the optimization of the HLS-II storage ring.

First proof-of-principle steady-state microbunching (SSMB) experiment proved that SSMB has the potential to produce high average power short wavelength light. Tsinghua University has proposed a conceptual design for the future SSMB accelerator light source. A bunch train with an average current of 1 A is required in the electron injector for the future SSMB light source with a bunch spacing of 350 ps. It is essential for diagnosis to measure each bunch in the bunch train. A method of using a fast kicker to measure different bunches simultaneously is proposed in this paper. By using a fast-rising edge power supply, the kicker can give different electron bunches different kick angles, allowing different bunches to be detected on the screen simultaneously. This paper presents measurement methods for the transverse distribution, energy spread, longitudinal phase space, and emittance, along with corresponding simulation results.

Following the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project at CERN, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) has been upgraded to operate with a new injection kinetic energy of 160 MeV and an extraction energy of 2 GeV. To understand the performance of the accelerator in this new energy range, a series of measurements have been conducted, especially devoted to the beam stability to ensure the optimal operation of the machine. A horizontal instability, firstly observed in 2021 at about 1.6 GeV (between the old and the new extraction energy of the Proton Synchrotron Booster), has undergone in-depth investigation in measurements. Despite the identification of a mitigation strategy to cure the horizontal instability, efforts have also been focused to understand its source. The results have once again drawn the attention to the termination of the extraction kicker. As happened in 2018, a dedicated MD performed at the end of 2023 run with matched kicker termination confirmed the impact of the extraction kicker in this instability.

Nonlinear focusing elements can enhance the stability of particle beams in high-energy colliders through Landau Damping, by means of the tune spread which is introduced. Here we discuss an experiment at Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) which investigates the influence of nonlinear focusing elements, such as octupoles, on the beam’s transverse stability. In this experiment, we employ an anti-damper, an active transverse feedback system, as a controlled mechanism to induce coherent beam instability. By utilizing the anti-damper we can examine the impact of a nonlinear focusing element on the beam's transverse stability. The stability diagram, a tool used to determine the system's stability, is measured using a recently demonstrated method at the LHC. The experiment at IOTA adds insight towards this stability diagram measurement method by supplying a reduced machine impedance to investigate the machine impedance’s effect on the stability diagram, as well as by aiming to map out the full stability diagram by using a large phase range of the anti-damper. From this experiment in IOTA, we present the first results of stability diagram analysis with varying octupole currents.

Distortions in the SIS100 injection kicker’s pulse time-form gives rise to beam emittance increase in the horizontal plane. Particle tracking simulations of the primary beam were carried out to try to predict the emittance at the end of the injection process for the modes of operation for antiproton (p̅) and Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) production. The RIB cycle’s beam grew to just beyond the acceptance of the slow extraction separatrix at 27 Tm. During p̅ mode with the longitudinal RF cavities set to bunch the beam at the 5th harmonic of the beam revolution frequency instead of the originally planned 10th harmonic, the beam emittance increase was considerably reduced, resulting in -at most- negligible beam loss at the halo collimator.

In order to prevent emittance growth during long stores of the proton beam at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), we need to have some mechanism to provide fast cooling of the dense proton beams. One promising method is coherent electron cooling (CeC), which uses an electron beam to both ``measure'' the positions of protons within the bunch and then apply energy kicks which tend to reduce their longitudinal and transverse actions. In this work, we discuss the underlying physics of this process. We then discuss simulations which constrain the electrons to move only longitudinally in order to perform fast optimizations and long-term tracking of the bunch evolution, and benchmark these results against fully 3D codes. Additionally, we discuss practical challenges, including the necessity of a high-quality electron beam and sub-micron alignment of the electrons and protons.

One of the most promising advantages of nonlinear integrable optics is strong amplitude dependent tune shift without degrading the dynamic aperture. The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab is constructed around nonlinear lattice elements of the elliptical type as described by Danilov and Nagaitsev. Detuning and dynamic aperture scans in IOTA were performed using a fast dipole kicker and a low emittance electron beam. The evolution of the dynamic aperture and detuning for different configurations of the integrable optics lattice are presented.

We summarize recent experimental studies of the impedance and beam-induced heating of titanium-coated ceramic vacuum chambers used in the NSLS-II injection kickers. We installed a spare chamber (SN003) in test section C01, demonstrating that beam-induced power is effectively dissipated in the titanium coating. Equipped with 12 temperature detectors, we measured temperatures and beam currents during operational fill patterns. The results, highlighting the heating of chamber, will be thoroughly presented.

Boosters in synchrotron injector systems have traditionally had more relaxed designs than storage rings, and consequently impedance has not been considered an important factor in their designs. In 4th generation light sources like Diamond-II, it is desirable to increase the extracted charge per shot to reduce filling times and enable advanced injection schemes. As such, the vacuum chamber impedance becomes a significant design parameter. An impedance database has been created for the Diamond-II booster, using the same AT-style lattice concept as for the storage ring, to be used as input into particle tracking and other simulations. We present here an overview of the database, including details of significant components and current progress on engineering designs.

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation facility with design beam emittance of less than 60 pm. Impedance modelling is an important subject due to the adopted small beam pipe as well as the tight requirements from beam collective effects. Narrowband impedances can be generated by the discontinuity of the vacuum chamber or the finite conductivity of the beam pipe. The coupled bunch instabilities caused by the narrowband impedances could restrict the beam current or perturb the synchrotron radiations. In this paper, the narrowband impedances in the HEPS storage ring are investigated element by element.

Crab crossing in the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is planned to provide head-on beam collisions and maximize luminosity for beams with a 25 mrad crossing angle. This crab crossing requires superconducting RF crab cavities for both EIC electron and hadron beams. Phase and amplitude errors of these transverse crab cavities can cause emittance growth, of particular concern for hadron beams and the project hadron cooling requirements. Low-noise low-level RF control and feedback systems are being considered to address the hadron beam noise-driven emittance growth. Here we discuss simulations to investigate this emittance growth, and evaluate performance and requirements of potential beam-based feedback.

The Diamond-II storage ring upgrade will provide users with 1-2 orders of magnitude brightness increase over the existing Diamond facility, for which a quasi-transparent top-up injection scheme will be a key performance requirement [1]. The ring was originally designed to use a single-bunch aperture sharing injection scheme [2], in which short stripline kickers are used to kick the injected bunch into the storage ring's dynamic aperture but remaining weak enough to avoid kicking the stored bunch outside the acceptance. A modification to this scheme which implements a kick-and-cancel method [3] shows promise for the stored bunch. The kicker power supplies are thus required to provide a double-pulse with few-microsecond pulse spacing. This new method is expected to significantly improve the transparency and reduce the recovery time for the targeted bunch, along with minimizing transverse wakefield effects and any interactions with the transverse multibunch feedback.

The Nonlinear Injection Kicker (NIK) scheme for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been under study as a potential replacement for the current bump-based injection scheme. The evaluation encompasses three phases of the NIK scheme. In phases I and II, the orig-inal Booster to Storage Ring Transfer Line (BTS) is utilized to assess the performance of a prototype NIK. Phase III involves the redesigning of the BTS within the NIK injection scheme, thereby freeing up space occupied by the original four kickers used in the bump-based injection, for the insertion of devices. The positions of the NIKs, considerations, and limitations regarding the design of the new BTS, as well as other related issues, are thoroughly discussed.

The TPS storage ring adopts a standard four kickers bump off-axis injection. This scheme is known to disturb stored beam during injections. The non-linear kicker injection concept provides a possible solution to facilitate top off injection with minimizing the oscillation of the stored beam. This non-linear kicker has zero Bx and By field in the center and an off-axis By displaced by 15 mm for TPS case. In this paper, we present the magnetic circuit design, consideration, fabrication, and first field measurement results of the TPS non-linear injection kicker.

Transverse bunch-by-bunch (BxB) feedback system has been designed, fabricated, installed, and tested with beam at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) storage ring. The transverse feedback system (TFB) is designed to suppress coupled bunch instabilities and single bunch instabilities. It adapted a stripline kicker design which has the same profile as the APS-U injection/extraction kickers. The system uses digital controllers which provide powerful diagnostics, in addition to its major functionality for feedback control. This paper presents the status of the TFB system including early beam commissioning results.

Synchrotron light source storage rings aim to maintain a continuous beam current without observable beam motion during injection. One element that paves the way to this target is the non-linear kicker (NLK). The field distribution it generates poses challenges for optimizing the topping-up operation. Within this study, a reinforcement learning agent was developed and trained to optimize the NLK operation parameters. We present the models employed, the optimization process, and the achieved results.

The following paper embarks on an in-depth exploration of extraction kickers employed at some of the most renowned particle physics and neutron science facilities worldwide. Specifically, we delve into the extraction kickers utilized at the Spallation Neutron Source, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, and delve into the novel inductive adder structures. These facilities represent the forefront of scientific research, housing state-of-the-art technologies and extraction kicker systems that play a fundamental role in advancing our understanding of particle physics, neutron science, and related domains. Throughout the paper, we will investigate the design principles, operational intricacies, and technological innovations associated with these extraction kickers. By analyzing existing research and scholarly works, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the unique challenges and advancements encountered at each facility.

The proton Electric Dipole Moment (pEDM) storage ring to measure the electric dipole moment of the proton [1] is proposed to be built in the tunnel of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) by storage ring EDM (srEDM) Collaboration. We proposed that the AGS Booster to pEDM ring transfer and injection line (BtP) would use the partial portions of the existing BtA (AGS Booster to AGS) transfer line optics. In this practice, both of BtP Clockwise orientation (CW) and Counter-clockwise orientation (CCW) injection line are designed and matched in the hypothesis of a single turn injection scheme. The injecting beam-properties are matched to pEDM ring Twiss functions.

The high-energy photon source (HEPS) under construction in Beijing is an excellent photon source with an emissivity better than 60pm rad. HEPS adopts on axis injection. The fast pulse power supply for booster injection adopts a topology structure of LC resonant discharge based on heavy hydrogen thyristor. The energy storage scheme of pulse capacitors adopts a design scheme of DC charging. The local control station of the fast pulse power supply for the enhancer is mainly responsible for the timing control, charging control, interlock control, protection of the kicker, and remote control. Fast pulse power supplies have high reliability, which poses challenges to the development of local control stations for fast pulse power supplies. The local control station adopts a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC) as the control core, and applies standard modbus and ethernet for communication protocol to control equipment. A local control station prototype has been built. Through system joint testing, the designed local control station can achieve power control and protection, remote control of the local station, and interlocking protection of the magnet power supply.

The design and manufacturing of the Nonlinear Injection Kicker is one of the upgrade project for the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). In accordance with the requirements of the developed ceramic vacuum chamber, it is necessary to apply a uniform titanium coating on the inner surface of the ceramic substrate to reduce the impedance and image current observed by the stored electron beam. Therefore, titanium films must be sputtered onto a 30 cm × 6 cm ceramic substrate, and these films must exhibit excellent uniformity. Based on our tests of sputtering titanium films on ceramic substrate, the uniformity of the titanium film can be controlled within 5%. The adhesion between the ceramic substrate and the titanium films meets the highest level of ASTM-D3359 5B standard, with an adhesive strength reaching 40 MPa. This paper describes the detailed manufacturing processes and testing results.

The contemporary advancement in particle accelerator technology necessitates precise control over beam manipulation for various experimental and industrial applications. One pivotal aspect of this control resides in the generation and modulation of high-voltage pulse to manipulate the trajectory and behavior of particle beams within the accelerator systems. This extensive study delves into the design, development, and characterization of an adjustable-length pulse generator specifically tailored for a beam extraction kicker system, which is employed to navigate the beam out of the photon storage ring. The primary aim of this research is to engineer a versatile and reliable pulse-length modulation mechanism for a high-voltage pulse generation, which is capable of producing adjustable pulses with ultra-fine precision to meet the demanding requirements of beam manipulation within the accelerator setup. The system's design encompasses a meticulous integration of electronic components, waveform shaping modules, and control mechanisms to achieve the desired output.

Brookhaven National Laboratory has recently been selected as the site for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will consist of two intersecting accelerators, one producing an intense beam of electrons, the other a high-energy beam of protons or heavier atomic nuclei, which are steered into head-on collisions. One of the sections of the EIC beamline will require a hadron injection fast kicker system. RadiaBeam is developing GaN-based pulser with ±50 kV voltage amplitude, <4 ns rise and fall times, 40 ns pulse width. In this paper, we discuss the development progress.

Ionization scattering of electron beams with residual gas molecules causes ion trapping in electron rings, both in a collider and electron cooling system. These trapped ions may cause emittance growth, tune shift, halo formation, and coherent coupled bunch instabilities. In order to clear the ions and prevent them from accumulating turn after turn, the gaps in a temporal structure of the beam are typically used. Typically, the gap in the bunch train has a length of a few percent of the ring circumference. In those regions, the extraction electrodes with high pulsed voltages are introduced. In this paper, we present the design consideration and initial test results of the high-voltage pulsed kicker hardware that includes vacuum device and pulsed voltage driver, capable of achieving over 3 kV of deflecting voltage amplitude, rise and fall times of less than 10 ns, 100 ns flat-top duration at 1.4 MHz repetition rate.

LHC injection kickers (MKI) are pulsed at high voltage to achieve magnetic field pulses with fast rise time. The MKIs contain a beam screen to help shield their ferrite yoke from beam induced heating. However, additional means of mitigating beam induced heating, for the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era, are required. To achieve this, the MKIs are sequentially being upgraded to low impedance versions (MKI Cool) with several critical components including (a) a 3-m long alumina tube, installed in the magnet aperture, used to hold screen conductors that help shield the magnet yokes from beam induced heating; and (b) an RF damper which moves beam induced power from the ferrite yoke to a ferrite cylinder which is part of the damper. This paper discusses the measurements carried out to qualify these components for installation in an MKI Cool. In addition, for the alumina tube, the interpretation of the measurement data is discussed together with the optimisation of the angular orientation of the tube in the magnet aperture.