This paper presents the design and status of Accumulator Ring (AR) RF Equipment Protection System (EPS) of Advanced Light Source Upgrade project at LBNL. The key components of AR RF EPS include a Master Interlock PLC subsystem handling supervisory control and slow interlocks in ms scale, an FPGA-based LLRF Controller managing fast interlocks in µs scale, a 60 kW high-power amplifier with standalone PLC-based slow (ms scale) and FPGA-based fast (µs scale) protection systems, and an RF Drive Control Chassis acting as primary RF mitigation device. The design of AR RF EPS is presented along with internal RF and external AR subsystems interfaces.

The elliptically polarized undulator with a period length of 56 mm, called EPU56, is part of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) phase-III beamline project. Its control system is built within the EPICS framework using motion controllers and EtherCAT. The control systems of EPU56 include a safety interlock system, which automatically stops movement based on limit switches, torque limit switches,emergency stop button, and readings from the enclosed linear optical encoder. In addition, the control system offers settings for adjusting the correction magnets' power supply and employs optical absolute encoder motors to control the movement of the Gap and Phase. In order to maintain stability during movement, PID control is applied to the motion process by the motion controller. To further enhance precision, the system also employs an integrator limit within the motion controller for additional adjustments. This paper describes the development of the control system and the enhancements made to the insertion device movement process.

The Compact X-ray Light Source (CXLS) requires the acceleration of electron bunches to relativistic energies, which collide with focused IR laser pulses to produce X-rays which are then transported to the experiment hutch. A class 4 UV laser is used at the photocathode to liberate the electrons that are generated via the photoelectric effect. During electron acceleration bremsstrahlung radiation (gamma and neutron) is generated through electron interactions with solid matter. In the experiment hutch the X-rays then interact with the sample under test in pump-probe configuration where the pump laser is another class 4 laser with a wide spectral range from deep UV to THz. Interlock systems have been designed and deployed to protect users of the facility from exposure to these ionizing and laser radiation hazards. We present the design architecture of CXLS interlock systems. In this description we make clear what systems are independent, and which are interdependent and what administrative override modes are made available and why. We also provide an overview of our monthly interlock system testing protocols and conclude with comments on overall system performance.

An advanced online monitoring system with dual systems is being developing for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF). One is based on the C language, which integrates data acquisition, storage and interface display. The other is based on EPICS system, which developed Input/Output Controller (IOC) and Operator Interface (OPI) for data acquisition and display. The two systems are based on Ethernet TCP / IP protocol for data communication, but they are independent. The on-line radiation monitoring system of Hefei Advanced Light Source (ORMSH) have the function of neutron and gamma dose monitoring and alarming. The ORMSH contains 160 monitors for workplace monitoring and environmental monitoring. Each monitor combines data collection, storage, automatic upload. two alarm methods will be adopted for dose interlocking in ORMSH: instantaneous dose rate alarming and cumulative dose alarming. This paper describes in detail the implementation of the system infrastructure and functions.

The Beam Interlock System (BIS) is the backbone of the machine protection system throughout the accelerator complex at CERN, from LINAC4 to the LHC. After 15 years of flawless operation, a new version of the BIS is currently being produced and will be installed in the LHC, SPS and North Area during CERN’s Long Shutdown 3, planned to start in 2026. Overall, more than 3,000 Printed Circuit Boards will be produced and assembled outside CERN. In addition, more than 120,000 lines of firmware and supporting scripts are written to implement the critical and monitoring functionalities of the BIS. Both hardware and firmware need to be thoroughly tested before installation and operation to guarantee the high levels of reliability and availability required by the operation of the accelerators. In this paper we present the testing methodology including the development of dedicated testbeds for hardware validation, the use of comprehensive simulation and continuous integration for firmware development, and the implementation of automated tests for system-level functional validation.

The J-PARC MR synchrotron began high repetition operation with shortened accelerator cycles in 2022. So far, FX has been supplying a 2x10e+14 proton per pulse (ppp) beam to the Neutrino Experimental Facility with a repetition rate of 1.36 seconds, and SX has been supplying a 0.6x10e+14 ppp beam to the Hadron Experimental Facility with a 5.20 seconds repetition. The amount of heat per accelerated proton beam pulse exceeds 1 MJ, and it is an important issue to avoid damage to the equipment caused by high-intense beam due to abnormalities during beam acceleration. Since the MR is operated in different extraction modes, i.e. FX and SX, the countermeasures are also different, and the adequate protection system also needs to be considered, respectively. Therefore, the countermeasures have been put in place, including a high-speed beam abort system and/or a fast sequential interlock between devices. This report summarizes the systems to protect equipment from abnormalities that unexpectedly occur during high-intensity proton beam acceleration.

In the context of LATINO (Laboratory in Advanced Technologies for INnOvation) and Rome Technopole Projects founded by Regione Lazio and NextGenerationEu, and directly involved in the EuPRAXIA@SPARC_Lab flagship project, a testing facility for X-band (TEX) has been established at the Frascati National Laboratories of INFN. TEX is dedicated to the examination of radiofrequency X/C-band, aiming to develop and test the technologies and systems of a particle accelerator operating under such conditions. Given the complex nature of such a system and the advancement of technology to the forefront of the state of the art, it is imperative to have an advanced Machine Protection System (MPS) characterized by high reliability, availability, and safety, in accordance with IEC-61508 standards. Currently in development is a prototype MPS designed to autonomously initiate procedures to control operations and avert anomalies. An EPICS supervisor oversees the management of all devices and monitoring connected subsystems. Additionally, a real-time interlock system, based on distributed FPGA, is employed to swiftly respond to vacuum and RF systems during the next RF pulse.

The high-energy photon source (HEPS) under construction in Beijing is an excellent photon source with an emissivity better than 60pm rad. HEPS adopts on axis injection. The fast pulse power supply for booster injection adopts a topology structure of LC resonant discharge based on heavy hydrogen thyristor. The energy storage scheme of pulse capacitors adopts a design scheme of DC charging. The local control station of the fast pulse power supply for the enhancer is mainly responsible for the timing control, charging control, interlock control, protection of the kicker, and remote control. Fast pulse power supplies have high reliability, which poses challenges to the development of local control stations for fast pulse power supplies. The local control station adopts a high-performance programmable logic controller (PLC) as the control core, and applies standard modbus and ethernet for communication protocol to control equipment. A local control station prototype has been built. Through system joint testing, the designed local control station can achieve power control and protection, remote control of the local station, and interlocking protection of the magnet power supply.

The Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory represents a groundbreaking advancement in the realm of Free Electron X-Ray Laser (XFEL) science. This 1.3 GHz continuous-wave superconducting RF LINAC is designed to generate 4 GeV electron bunches up to one MHz, propelling the capabilities of XFEL sources. Achieving a significant milestone, the LCLS-II successfully reached its 2K operating temperature with the first electrons in October 2022, culminating in the generation of the first x-rays in September 2023. This paper offers an overview of the diverse array of DC magnet power supplies (PSs) employed in LCLS-II, which can be categorized into two sections: warm and superconducting. The warm section comprises of two crucial types of PSs-intermediate and trim. Notably, these PSs are subjected to tight stability requirements as low as 20 ppm. The warm section has close to 600 PSs. In the superconducting section, an extra level of complexity is added by including a quench protection circuit to protect the magnets in case of a sudden loss of superconductivity. PSs in this section also have a stability requirement of 0.02 %. The superconducting section has 105 PSs. This paper also discusses the system design and performance of these PSs.

The goal of the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Inner Triplet (IT) String test, is to validate the assembly and connection procedures and tools required for its construction, to assess the collective behavior of the superconducting magnet chain in conditions as close as possible to those of their operation in the HL-LHC and to provide a training opportunity for the equipment teams for their work in the LHC tunnel. The IT String includes the systems required for operation at nominal conditions, such as the cryogenics, powering and quench protection systems. This contribution describes the individual system and short circuit tests performed at the IT String as part of the hardware commissioning and preparation for the full exploitation of the facility. After describing the IT String infrastructure, the individual system tests performed on the cryogenic and the associated vacuum systems are detailed. Moreover, the individual system and short circuit tests executed on the warm powering systems part of the magnet circuit including power converters, energy extraction systems and the DC connections are described. The powering interlock controller used for the global interlocking of the magnet circuits is also validated during this phase. The tests described involve the same steps as those planned for the LHC collider. Therefore, they validate the systems to be installed and ensure the time-efficient execution of activities for the HL-LHC project.