Within the context of a design study of a LINAC for ionization cooling, this paper presents the result of incorporating a scattering model in RF-Track (v2.1) for charged particles heavier than electrons. This inclusion enables simulations for applications like ionization cooling channels for muon colliders. Within RF-Track, a novel semi-Gaussian mixture model has been introduced to describe the deflection of charged particles in material. This innovative model comprises a Gaussian core and a non-Gaussian tail function to account for the effects of single hard scattering. To validate the accuracy of our results, we conducted a benchmarking comparison against other particle tracking codes, with the outcomes demonstrating a high level of agreement.

Ionization cooling stands as the only cooling technique capable of efficiently reducing the phase space of a muon beam within a short time frame. The optimal cooling parameters of a muon collider aim to minimize transverse emittance while simultaneously limiting longitudinal emittance growth, resulting in optimal luminosities within the collider ring. This study shows that achieving efficient cooling performance requires selecting the best initial muon beam parameters. Because for every transvere emittance there exist an optimal beam energy for ionization cooling. We present a technique that enables the determination of these optimal initial parameters through simulations and compare them with an improved analytical scattering model.

This work describes improvements made to the tracking code PLACET2 to make it possible to simulate the acceleration from 250 MeV to 63 GeV in a future muon collider. This software was selected because of its unique ability to optimally simulate recirculating linacs, which are part of the proposed layout for this initial muon acceleration stage. PLACET2 has been updated to simulate non-relativistic particles and to consider particle beams of different species, charges and masses. The main changes were introduced in the longitudinal dynamics, synchrotron radiation and wakefield descriptions. In addition, the decay of particles has been added as a new feature. The changes were benchmarked in different tests against RF-Track, a code able to simulate low energy muon beams and their decay. Finally, the lattice of the 16.6 GeV arc in the initial acceleration stage of the muon collider was simulated with both PLACET2 and RF-Track, providing another test. All the results showed excellent agreement between both codes, verifying the implementation in PLACET2.

Ionization cooling stands as the only cooling technique capable of efficiently reducing the phase space of a muon beam within a short time frame. The optimal cooling parameters of a muon collider aim to minimize transverse emittance while simultaneously limiting longitudinal emittance growth, resulting in optimal luminosities within the collider ring. This study shows that achieving efficient cooling performance requires selecting the best initial muon beam parameters. Because for every transvere emittance there exist an optimal beam energy for ionization cooling. We present a technique that enables the determination of these optimal initial parameters through simulations and compare them with an improved analytical scattering model.

Within the context of a design study of a LINAC for ionization cooling, this paper presents the result of incorporating a scattering model in RF-Track (v2.1) for charged particles heavier than electrons. This inclusion enables simulations for applications like ionization cooling channels for muon colliders. Within RF-Track, a novel semi-Gaussian mixture model has been introduced to describe the deflection of charged particles in material. This innovative model comprises a Gaussian core and a non-Gaussian tail function to account for the effects of single hard scattering. To validate the accuracy of our results, we conducted a benchmarking comparison against other particle tracking codes, with the outcomes demonstrating a high level of agreement.