A state-of-the-art Nb3Sn-based Superconducting Undulator (SCU) has been designed and built at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) of Argonne National Laboratory in collaboration with Fermi and Berkeley National labs. Following the successful completion of its commissioning phase, this SCU in February 2023 began delivering high energy x-ray beam to APS users. The successful realization of the Nb3Sn-based SCU paves the way for short-period, high-field undulators that greatly benefit current and future light sources. The presentation will provide details on the fabrication, magnetic characterization, installation and commissioning of the APS Nb3Sn SCU.

In 2016 the Australian Synchrotron embarked on the BRIGHT program to build four new insertion device beamlines: Biological Small Angle X-ray Scattering (BioSAX), High Performance Macromolecular Crystallography, Advanced Diffraction and Scattering and Nanoprobe beamlines. To maximize the flux for these very demanding beamlines, cryogenic and short period devices have been selected. In particular a 1.6 m long 16 mm period superconducting undulator, a 3 m long 18 mm period cryogenic undulator (CPMU), 3 m long 17 mm in-vacuum undulator and a 2 m long 48 mm period superconducting wiggler. This report will discuss some of the design considerations and overall parameters of the new insertion devices.

SIRIUS is the Brazilian 4th generation synchrotron light source. Currently, SIRIUS is in its Phase 1 stage of the project, with 14 beamlines proposed, some of which are already used by external users. Recently, the SABIÁ beamline underwent a transition where its commissioning insertion device (ID) was replaced by the beamline’s titular ID, an in-house developed DELTA undulator. This device offers versatility in generating various polarizations of light depending on the relative positions of the ID cassettes. However, each permissible configuration engenders distinct perturbations in beam dynamics, particularly affecting beam orbit, optics, and equilibrium parameters. This paper reports the impacts of the DELTA on beam dynamics and outlines the correction strategies implemented to mitigate these effects

We discuss the design and properties of a proposed planar cryogenic permanent magnet undulator with 20 mm period length called CPMU-20. The undulator is set to use (Pr,Nd)2Fe14B as permanent magnet material and Permendur poles and is set to be part of the planned SoTeXS beamline at the BESSY-II upgrade which will offer a unique working environment for research into energy-materials – especially energy-storage materials. The CPMU-20 is designed to produce high photon fluxes in the energy range of 0.5 to 5 keV with a maximum K-value of 2.2 which permits research into a wide range of materials used in state of the art batteries. The optimization process that led to the specific device properties like the period length, the width of the poles and the end-magnet configuration – which ensures an aligned electron beam through the device for the whole gap-range from 6 to 22 mm - will be presented in detail. This includes a discussion of the usage of the UNDUMAG and WAVE software written by Michael Scheer for the optimization and simulations.

The SABINA project will add a user facility to SPARC_LAB at INFN in Frascati (Rome). For the THz line, an electron beam is transported to the APPLE-X undulators to produce photon pulses in the ps range, with energy of tens of µJ, with linear or elliptical polarization. Each undulator has four magnetic arrays that can be moved radially simultaneously to set the operating gap. Two arrays can also move longitudinally for phase displacement. A structural analysis of this unique mechanical structure has been performed by the production company (KYMA S.p.a) to ensure good field quality and beam trajectory. To support those, a set of tests has been performed with FBG acting as strain sensors in Frascati. An FBG is a phase grating inscribed in the core of a single-mode fiber, whose Bragg-diffracted light propagates back along the fiber. Any deformation of the grating affects its pitch, which changes the diffracted Bragg wavelength thus giving information about the occurred deformation. Application of the technique at the state-of-the-art level allows to perform strain measurements with 1 µStrain resolution. Such analysis and results will be presented in this contribution.

Undulators are X-ray sources which are widely used in synchrotron storage rings or in future light sources such as free-electron lasers. Due to sustainability and energy efficiency the development envisages small-scale high-field and compact undulators with short period lengths (<10 mm) and narrow magnetic gaps (<4 mm). Therefore, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes, which can provide both large critical current densities and high critical magnetic fields, are widely used and investigated at KIT. A new concept of superconducting undulators (SCUs) was introduced and further developed by laser-scribing a meander pattern into the superconducting layer to achieve quasi-sinusoidal current path through the tape. In this contribution, we present our results from the design study in respect of the cooling concept for a compact SCU. The foreseen cooling is based on the one hand on calculations of the different heat loads through synchrotron radiation, impedance, and current supplies and on the other hand on the design of the liner including the tapering.

The 100 mm periodic permanent magnet Wiggler (W100) was installed in the 31st straight section of the TPS storage ring in September 2020, during a prolonged shutdown of the TPS. It provides photon energy ranging from 5 to 50 keV for user experimental applications. The mechanical structure of this facility involves assembling and connecting it to the upper and lower magnetic arrays, each approximately 500 mm in length. Precise control of the gap between the magnetic arrays and accurate adjustments are required. This report primarily describes the assembly process of various components of W100 and the inspection items along with the results.

Cryogenic permanent-magnet undulators (CPMUs) have become a point of interest in the development of short-period undulators. However, electron beam-induced heating presents a significant challenge to CPMU devel-opment. The CU15, using a conduction-cooled cooling mechanism, demonstrates exceptional spectral and opera-tional performance, even when operating at small gaps with a beam current of 500 mA. This CPMU has served as a reliable light source for a powder-diffraction beamline for over three years.

RadiaBeam is designing and manufacturing a 15-mm period, 1.15 T field superconducting undulator. Realizing these parameters require a small gap, on the order of 5 mm. This small gap imparts a thermal management challenge due to heating from resistive walls, wakefields, upstream dipoles, and particle losses which is challenging to overcome with NbTi or NbSn3 wires without the use of liquid helium. Further, to reduce operating costs and reliance on liquid helium infrastructure, this undulator is designed to run off cryocoolers. In order to provide sufficient thermal overhead for cryocooling capacities, we will utilize Magnesium Diboride (MgB2), a metallic superconductor with a transition temperature at around 39 K. Thermo-mechanical engineering design studies and production plans of our prototype will be presented.