High energy colliders provide a critical tool in nuclear physics study by probing the fundamental structure and dynamics of matter. Optimizing the collider’s machine parameters is both computationally and experimentally expensive. A fast and robust optimization framework that includes both beam-beam and the detailed machine lattice will be crucial to attaining the best performance of the collider. In this paper, we report on the development of an integrated framework that includes an advanced Bayesian optimization software GPTune, a self-consistent beam-beam simulation code BeamBeam3D, and the detailed lattice model from MAD-X. Some application results to the RHIC facility optimization will also be presented.

The slice model is the theoretical foundation for various beam-beam simulation methods. In the formulation of the slice model, some approximations have been made based on the assumption of particle beams with an extremely high Lorentz factor. However, this assumption might not always be valid for the particle colliders applied in the nuclear physics study because of the usage of heavy-ion beams. It is thus worthwhile to verify the slice model in that parameter regime. In this study, we investigate the theoretical formulations of the slice model and a full 3D model. Besides, we perform weak-strong simulations based on these two theoretical models. Results and their implications will be presented.