The Future Circular Electron-Positron Collider (FCC-ee) is CERN's leading proposal for the next generation of energy-frontier particle accelerators. To reach integrated luminosity goals, it aims to be operational for minimum 80 % of the scheduled 185 physics days each year. For comparison, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) achieved 77 % in 2016-2018. There are additional challenges in the FCC-ee due to its size, complexity and ambitious technical objectives. Availability is therefore a significant risk to physics deliverables. This paper presents the framework used to analyse availability and luminosity in the FCC-ee. To showcase its capabilities, first, a top-level system deconstruction reveals several key relationships for the Radio Frequency (RF) system. Second, two proposed technologies are simulated to overcome constraints in the Z, W operation cycle. Of these, pre-polarised bunch injection (PPBI) shows tremendous advantage for shielding integrated luminosity from a challenging availability environment.

The Safe Machine Parameter (SMP) system is an electronic hardware-based system which has been an integral part of the LHC’s machine protection strategy since it started operation. Its primary objective is to provide several parameters and interlock signals to critical machine protection users across the LHC and SPS accelerators, whilst prioritizing high reliability and availability. After almost two decades of operation, there is a need to upgrade the SMP hardware electronics. In the High Luminosity LHC era the requirements of connected systems have changed, leading to new system functions and operational requirements which must be integrated into the new design. This paper details the electronic design considerations of developing the second-generation SMP. The general distribution of parameters relies on the CERN WhiteRabbit timing network renovation, for which dedicated high-precision clock components were selected and tested on a prototype board. Details of the hardware design and validation are discussed, along with the comprehensive upgrades aimed at delivering an SMP system with expanded monitoring and diagnostic features.