| Paper | Title | Page |
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| MOPMP031 | Operation and Performance of the Cern Large Hadron Collider During Proton Run 2 | 504 |
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| Run 2 of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was successfully completed on 10th December 2018, achieving largely all goals set in terms of luminosity production. Following the first two-year long shutdown and the re-commissioning in 2015 at 6.5 TeV, the beam performance was increased to reach a peak luminosity of more than twice the design value and a colliding beam time ratio of 50%. This was accomplished thanks to the increased beam brightness from the injector chain, the high machine availability and the performance enhancements made in the LHC for which some methods and tools, foreseen for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) were tested and deployed operationally. This contribution provides an overview of the operational aspects, main limitations and achievements for the proton Run 2. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP031 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 17 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPMP036 | Machine Protection Experience from Beam Tests with Crab Cavity Prototypes in the CERN SPS | 520 |
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Funding: Work supported by the High Luminosity LHC project. Crab cavities (CCs) constitute a key component of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. In case of a failure, they can induce significant transverse beam offsets within tens of microseconds, necessitating a fast removal of the circulating beam to avoid damage to accelerator components due to losses from the displaced beam halo. In preparation for the final design to be employed in the LHC, a series of tests were conducted on prototype crab cavities installed in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. This paper summarizes the machine protection requirements and observations during the first tests of crab cavities with proton beams in the SPS. In addition, the machine protection implications for future SPS tests and for the use of such equipment in the HL-LHC are discussed. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP036 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 01 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPRB031 | Operational Performance of the Machine Protection Systems of the Large Hadron Collider During Run 2 and Lessons Learnt for the LIU/HL-LHC Era | 3875 |
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| The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has successfully completed its second operational run of four years length in December 2018. Operation will be stopped during two years for maintenance and upgrades. To allow for the successful completion of the diverse physics program at 6.5 TeV, the LHC has been routinely operating with stored beam energies close to 300 MJ per beam during high intensity proton runs as well as being frequently reconfigured to allow for special physic runs and important machine developments. No significant damage has incurred to the protected accelerator equipment throughout the run thanks to the excellent performance of the various machine protection systems, however a number of important observations and new failure scenarios have been identified, which were studied experimentally as well as through detailed simulations. In this contribution, we provide an overview of the performance of the machine protection systems throughout Run 2 as well as the important lessons learnt that will impact consolidation actions and the upgrade of the machine protection systems for the LIU/HL-LHC era. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB031 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPRB113 | Concept of Beam-Related Machine Protection for the Future Circular Collider | 4085 |
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| In the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study, a proton-proton circular collider (FCC-hh) is considered with a stored beam energy 20 times higher than that of the LHC. Any uncontrolled release of such energy could potentially result in severe damage to the accelerator components. Machine protection of the FCC-hh is hence very important and challenging. With a machine-protection strategy similar to the LHC, FCC would require up to three turns to dump the beam synchronously after a failure detection. Due to several possible ultrafast failures, which could lead to significant beam losses in a few turns, it is important to further reduce the reaction time of the machine protection system (MPS) for the FCC. Reducing the detection time of a failure by using faster beam monitors, e.g. diamond detectors, can reduce the time between a beam loss and the beam dump request. Communication delay of the interlock system to the beam dumping system can be reduced by using a more direct signal path. More than one beam-free abort gap will shorten the time required for the synchronization between the abort gap and the extraction kicker. Different failure scenarios are classified according to the speed of the failure onset and the subsequent increase of induced beam losses. The critical failure modes, their potential mitigations and impacts on the design of the MPS are presented. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB113 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 14 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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