BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Precedent to electron cooling commissioning and collisions of Gold at various energies at RHIC in 2018, the STAR experiment desired an exploration of the chiral magnetic effect in the quark gluon plasma (QGP) with an isobar run, utilizing Ruthenium and Zirconium. Colliding Zr-96 with Zr-96 and Ru-96 with Ru-96 create the same QGP but in a different magnetic field due to the different charges of the Zr (Z=40) and Ru (Z=44) ions. Since the charge difference is only 10%, the experimental program requires exacting store conditions for both ions. These systematic error concerns presented new challenges for the Collider, including frequent reconfiguration of the Collider for the different ion species, and maintaining level amounts of instantaneous and integrated luminosity between two species. Moreover, making beams of Zr-96 and Ru-96 is challenging since the natural abundances of these isotopes are low. Creating viable enriched source material for Zr-96 required assistance processing from RIKEN, while Ru-96 was provided by a new enrichment facility under commissioning at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is being envisioned as the next facility to be constructed by the DOE Nuclear Physics program. Brookhaven National Laboratory is proposing eRHIC, a facility based on the existing RHIC complex as a cost effective realization of the EIC project with a peak luminosity of 1034 cm-2 sec-1. An electron storage ring with an energy range from 5 to 18 GeV will be added in the existing RHIC tunnel. A spin-transparent rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) will serve as a full-energy polarized electron injector. Recent design improvements include reduction of the IR magnet strengths to avoid the necessity for Nb3Sn magnets, and a novel hadron injection scheme to maximize the integrated luminosity. We will provide an overview of this proposed project and present the current design status.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
The QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) phase diagram has many uncharted territories, particularly the nature of the transformation from Quark-Gluon plasma (QGP) to the state of Hadronic gas. The Beam Energy Scan I (BES-I) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) was completed but measurements had large statistical errors. To improve the statistical error and expand the search for first-order phase transition and location of the critical point, Beam Energy Scan II will commence in 2019 with a goal of improving the luminosity by a factor of 3-4. The beam lifetime at low energies was and will be limited by some physical effects of which the most significant are intrabeam scattering, space charge, beam-beam, persistent current effects. This article will review these potential limiting factors and introduce the countermeasures which will be in place to improve BES-II luminosity.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
In the coming RHIC low energy scan, the electron cooling technique is to be used to cool the ions 197Au79+ with its energy range between 3.85~GeV/nucleon to 5.75~GeV/nucleon. To overlap the electron beam and the 197Au79+ beam at the cooling section, a recombination monitor is to be used to detect the maximum flux of 197Au78+ ions generated in the cooling section. In the previous studies, we tracked 197Au78+ ions through the RHIC lattice defined with 197Au79+ with an equivalent momentum deviation. In the article, we explode different symplectic ways to track 197Au78+ ions exactly. We calculate and compare the trajectories and loss map of 197Au78+ ions through the RHIC ring.
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
Spin flipper experiments during RHIC Run 17 have demonstrated the 97% effectiveness of polarization sign reversal during stores. Zgoubi numerical simulations were setup to reproduce the experimental conditions. A very good agreement between the experimental measurements and simulation results was achieved at 23.8GeV, thus the simulations are being used to help optimize the various Spin Flipper parameters. The ultimate goal for these simulations is to serve as guidance towards a perfect flip at high energies to allow a routine Spin Flipper use during physics runs.