| Paper | Title | Page |
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| MOPMP038 | Investigation of CLIC 380 GeV Post-Collision Line | 528 |
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| It has been proposed that the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) be commissioned in stages, starting with a lower-energy, 380 GeV version for the first stage, and concluding with a 3 TeV version for the final stage. In the Conceptual Design Report (CDR) published in 2012, the post-collision line is described for the 3 TeV and 500 GeV stages. However, the post-collision line for the 380 GeV design was not investigated. This work will describe the simulation studies performed in BDSIM for the 380 GeV post-collision line. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPMP038 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 13 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 18 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPRB052 | Gamma Factory at CERN: Design of a Proof-of-Principle Experiment | 685 |
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| The Gamma Factory (GF) initiative proposes to create novel research tools at CERN by producing, accelerating and storing highly relativistic partially stripped ion beams in the LHC rings and by exciting their atomic degrees of freedom by lasers, to produce high-energy photon beams. Their intensity would be several orders of magnitude higher than those of the presently operating light sources in the particularly interesting gamma-ray energy domain reaching up to 400 MeV. In this energy domain, the high-intensity photon beams can be used to produce secondary beams of polarized electrons, polarized positrons, polarized muons, neutrinos, neutrons and radioactive ions. Over the years 2017-2018 we have demonstrated that these partially stripped ion beams can be successfully produced, accelerated and stored in the CERN accelerator complex, including the LHC. The next step of the project is to build a proof of principle experiment in the SPS to validate the principal GF concepts. This contribution will present the initial conceptual design of this experiment along with its main challenge - the demonstration of the fast cooling method of partially stripped ion beams. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB052 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 19 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPRB058 | Collimation of Partially Stripped Ion Beams in the LHC | 700 |
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| In the scope of the Physics Beyond Colliders studies, the Gamma Factory initiative proposes the use of partially stripped ions as a driver of a new type, high intensity photon source in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In 2018, the LHC accelerated and stored partially stripped 208-Pb-81+ ions for the first time. The collimation system efficiency recorded during this test was found to be prohibitively low. The worst losses were localised in the dispersion suppressor (DS) of the betatron-cleaning insertion. Analytic arguments and simulations show that the large losses are driven by the stripping of the remaining electron from the Pb nucleus by the primary collimators. The rising dispersion in the DS pushes the resulting off-rigidity, fully-stripped ions into the aperture of the superconducting magnets. In this study the measured loss maps are compared against results from simulations. Different mitigation strategies are outlined, including a dispersion suppressor (DS) collimator, crystal collimation or an orbit bump. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB058 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 10 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPRB059 | Collimation of Heavy-Ion Beams in the HE-LHC | 704 |
| SUSPFO111 | use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code | |
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| A design study for a future collider to be built in the LHC tunnel, the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider (HE-LHC), has been launched as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at CERN. It would provide proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV as well as collisions of heavy ions at the equivalent magnetic rigidity. HE-LHC is being designed under the stringent constraint of using the existing tunnel and therefore the resulting lattice and optics differ in layout and phase advance from the LHC. It is necessary to evaluate the performance of the collimation system for ion beams in HE-LHC in addition to proton beams. In the case of ion beams, the fragmentation and electromagnetic dissociation that relativistic heavy ions can undergo in collimators, as well as the unprecedented energy per nucleon of the HE-LHC, requires dedicated simulations. Results from a study of collimation efficiency for the nominal lead ion (Pb-82-208) beams performed with the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling framework are presented. These include loss maps with comparison against an estimated quench limit as well as detailed considerations of loss spikes in the superconducting aperture for critical sections of the machine such as the dispersion suppressors. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB059 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 18 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPRB064 | Precision Modelling of Energy Deposition in the LHC using BDSIM | 723 |
| SUSPFO121 | use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code | |
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| A detailed model of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been built using Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) for studying beam loss patterns and is presented and discussed in this paper. BDSIM is a program which builds a Geant4 accelerator model from generic components bridging accelerator tracking routines and particle physics to seamlessly simulate the traversal of particles and any subsequent energy deposition in particle accelerators. The LHC model described here has been further refined with additional features to improve the accuracy of the model, including specific component geometries, tunnel geometry, and more. BDSIM has been extended so that more meaningful comparisons with other simulations and data can be made. Firstly, BDSIM can now record losses in the same way that SixTrack does: when a primary exceeds the limits of the aperture it is recorded as a loss. Secondly, by placing beam loss monitors (BLMs) within the BDSIM model and recording the simulated dose and energy deposition, it can be directly compared with real BLM data. These results are presented here and compared with SixTrack and BLM data from a typical fill in 2018. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB064 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 20 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| MOPRB116 | Laser Sculpted Cool Proton Beams | 826 |
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Funding: We acknowledge support by STFC grant ST/P003028/1 Hydrogen ion accelerators, such as CERN’s Linac4, are increasingly used as the front end of high power proton drivers for high energy physics, spallation neutron sources and other applications. Typically, a foil strips the hydrogen ion beam to facilitate charge-exchange injection of protons into orbits of high energy accelerators, in which the resulting emittance is dominated by phase-space painting. In this paper, a new method to laser extract a narrow beam of neutralised hydrogen from the parent H− ion beam is proposed. Subsequent foil stripping and capture of protons into a storage ring generates cool proton bunches with significantly reduced emittance compared to the parent beam. The properties of the extracted proton beam can be precisely controlled and sculpted by adjusting the optical parameters of the laser beam. Recirculation of the parent beam allows time for space-charge effects to repopulate the emittance phase space prior to repeated laser extraction. We present particle tracking simulations of the proposed scheme, including the laser-particle interaction with realistic optical parameters and show the resulting emittance is reduced. Developments for an experimental demonstration of a laser controlled particle beam are outlined. In principle, the proposed scheme could considerably reduce the emittance of protons bunches injected into an accelerator, such as the LHC. |
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| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-MOPRB116 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 16 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| WEPTS002 | Study of a Proton Therapy Beamline for Eye Treatment with Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) and an In-House Tracking Code | 3088 |
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| The complete modelling of passive scattering proton therapy systems is challenging and requires simulation tools that have capabilities in both beam transport and in the detailed description of particle-matter interactions. Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM) allows the seamless simulation of the transport of particles in a beamline and its surrounding environment. A complete 3D model can be built from Geant4, CLHEP and ROOT to provide a complete analysis of the primary beam tracking. This capability is applied to the eye treatment proton therapy machine part of the IBA Proteus Plus product line. Those simulations are compared with a fast in-house particle tracking code with a semi-analytical model of Multiple Coulomb Scattering. The preliminary results leading to the detailed knowledge of the beamline performance are discussed in detail. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS002 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| WEPTS054 | Pyg4ometry : A Tool to Create Geometries for Geant4, BDSIM, G4Beamline and FLUKA for Particle Loss and Energy Deposit Studies | 3244 |
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| Studying the energy deposits in accelerator components, mechanical supports, services, ancillary equipment and shielding requires a detailed computer readable description of the component geometry. The creation of geometries is a significant bottleneck in producing complete simulation models and reducing the effort required will provide the ability of non-experts to simulate the effects of beam losses on realistic accelerators. The paper describes a flexible and easy to use Python package to create geometries usable by either Geant4 (and so BDSIM or G4Beamline) or FLUKA either from scratch or by conversion from common engineering formats, such as STEP or IGES created by industry standard CAD/CAM packages. The conversion requires an intermediate conversion to STL or similar triangular or tetrahedral tessellation description. A key capability of pyg4ometry is to mix GDML/STEP/STL geometries and visualisation of the resulting geometry and determine if there are any geometric overlaps. An example conversion of a complex geometry used in Geant4/BDSIM is presented. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS054 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 19 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| WEPTS058 | BDSIM: Recent Developments and New Features Beyond V1.0 | 3259 |
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| BDSIM is a program that creates a 3D model of an accelerator from an optical beam line description using a suite of high energy physics software including Geant4, CLHEP and ROOT. In one single simulation the passage of particles can be tracked accurately through an accelerator including the interaction with the accelerator material and subsequent secondary radiation production and transport. BDSIM is regularly used to simulate beam loss and energy deposition as well as machine detector interface studies. In this paper we present the latest developments beyond BDSIM V1.0 added for ongoing studies. For simulation of collimation systems several new additions are described including new element geometry, enhanced sensitivity and output information. The output has been further enhanced with aperture impact information and dose information from scoring meshes. As well as supporting the full suite of Geant4 physics lists, a new user interface is described allowing custom physics lists and user components to be easily included in BDSIM. New undulator, crystal collimator and wire-scanner elements are also described. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-WEPTS058 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPMP034 | Simulating Matter Interactions of Partially Stripped Ions in BDSIM | 3514 |
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| Acceleration and storage of beams of relativistic partially stripped ions is more challenging than in the case of fully stripped ions because the interactions with matter, such as those with residual gas and collimators can strip electrons via ionisation. BDSIM is a code for the simulation of energy deposition and charged particle backgrounds in accelerators that uses the Geant4 physics library. Geant4 includes a broad range of ion elastic and inelastic interactions and allows the definition of partially stripped ion beams. However, no models are currently available to handle in-flight interactions involving the bound electrons. In this paper we present a semi-empirical model of beam ion stripping by material atoms that is implemented in BDSIM as an extension of Geant4’s existing physics processes and is fully integrated into a comprehensive set of matter interactions for partially stripped ions. The stripping cross-section for select cases and results from comprehensive simulations are presented. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPMP034 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 23 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPGW069 | Implementation of CERN Secondary Beam Lines T9 and T10 in BDSIM | 3746 |
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| CERN has a unique set of secondary beam lines, which deliver particle beams extracted from the PS and SPS accelerators after their interaction with a target, reaching energies up to 400 GeV. These beam lines provide a crucial contribution for test beam facilities and host several fixed target experiments. A correct operation of the beam lines requires precise simulations of the beam optics and studies on the beam-matter interaction, radiation protection, beam equipment survival etc. BDSIM combines tracking studies with energy deposition and beam-matter interaction simulations within one software framework. This paper presents studies conducted on secondary beams with BDSIM for the beam lines T9 and T10. We report the tracking analysis and the energy deposition along the beam line. Tracking analysis validation is demonstrated via comparison to existing code. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPGW069 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 30 April 2019 paper accepted ※ 21 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPRB095 | A Simulation Framework for Photon-Particle Interactions for Laserwires and Further Applications | 4045 |
| SUSPFO112 | use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code | |
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| A model has been developed for simulating photon-particle interactions with Beam Delivery Simulation (BDSIM). BDSIM is a high energy physics program that utilises the Geant4, CLHEP, and ROOT libraries to seamlessly track particles through an accelerator. The photon-particle interactions introduce the capability for modelling a range of applications in accelerator physics. One such application is a laserwire which is a minimally invasive diagnostic technique to measure beam profiles and emittance. In this paper we describe the recent implementation of inverse Compton scattering and electron stripping of Hydrogen ions. This is demonstrated on an example beamline. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPRB095 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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| THPTS031 | Simulations of the Activation of a Proton Therapy Facility Using a Complete Beamline Model With BDSIM | 4176 |
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| A detailed model of the IBA Proteus One compact gantry system has been created with BDSIM (Beam Delivery Simulation) that has been validated against experimental data. Results regarding activation studies have been obtained for the first time using seamless simulations of the transport of protons in the beamline and their interactions with the environment. The activation of the concrete shielding of the system is estimated after a period of 20 years of operation. These main results are presented and discussed in detail. | ||
| DOI • | reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2019-THPTS031 | |
| About • | paper received ※ 15 May 2019 paper accepted ※ 22 May 2019 issue date ※ 21 June 2019 | |
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