IPAC2018 - Classification: 05 Beam Dynamics and EM Fields / D04 Beam Coupling Impedance - Theory, Simulations, Measurements, Code Developments

Paper	Title	Page
TUXGBF1	XFEL Impedance Effects and Mitigation
	M. Dohlus DESY, Hamburg, Germany
	A detailed impedance budget has been set up for the European XFEL, including the contributions from 2000 components, such as 824 cavities, 500 flanges, 220 BPMs (5 types, 78 pumps, 20 OTR screens, 7 collimators, 5 BAMs, 3 kickers, warm pipe etc. Both surface effects and geometric effects are important. Bunch compression and warm beam pipe require additional consideration. Most important are possible beam degradation affecting the FEL operation. Longitudinal wake fields lead to energy losses and unwanted energy spread. Even with mitigation, the wake-induced energy loss are larger than the energy losses due to the FEL lasing process. Various technical solutions have been developed to minimize the effects. This invited talk presents the basis for these simulations, their results, and comparisons with recent beam measurements in the European XFEL.
	Slides TUXGBF1 [2.070 MB]
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WEYGBE4	Low-Impedance Collimators for HL-LHC	1794
	S. A. Antipov, N. Biancacci, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, B. Salvant CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Amorim Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
	The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will double its beam intensity for the needs of High Energy Physics frontier. This increase requires a reduction of the machine's impedance to ensure the coherent stability of the beams until they are put in collision. A major part of the impedance is the resistive wall contribution of the collimators. To reduce this contribution several coating options have been proposed. We have studied numerically the effect of the novel coatings on the beam stability. The results show that a decrease of up to 30% of the machine impedance and a reduction of up to 120 A in the stabilizing octupole current threshold can be achieved by coating the secondary collimators with Molybdenum. Half of that improvement can be obtained by coating the jaws of a subset of four collimators identified as the highest contributors to machine impedance. The installation of this subset of low-impedance collimators is planned for the Long Shutdown 2 in 2019-2020.
	Slides WEYGBE4 [5.719 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-WEYGBE4
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THPAF020	Measurement of Transverse Impedance of Specific Components in CESR Using BPM Measurements of Pinged Bunches	2990
	M.P. Ehrlichman, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
	A beam-based technique is applied to determine the quadrupole impedance of large-impedance components of the CESR storage ring. Two bunches separated by ~1/3 of the ring circumference are charged to 0.85 and 0.3 mA. Each bunch is given a single kick, either horizontal or vertical. Turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch position information is recorded for ~16 k turns. BPM-by-BPM phase is calculated using the All-phase FFT method of spectral analysis. The difference in the BPM-to-BPM phase advance between the two bunches is a measurement of the local transverse impedance. The impedances of the small-aperture in-vacuum undulators, collimators, scrapers, RF cavities, electrostatic separators, and bulk impedance of the remaining ring are determined in this manner.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF020
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THPAF035	Single-Collimator Tune Shift Measurement of the Three-Stripe Collimator at the LHC	3036
	S. A. Antipov University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA D. Amorim, N. Biancacci, L.R. Carver, G. Mazzacano, A. Mereghetti, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, B. Salvant, D. Valuch CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Several options of low resistivity coating have been proposed for the collimator upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In order to study their effect on the beam dynamics a special collimator has been built and installed in the machine. Its jaws are coated with three different materials and can be moved transversely to selectively expose the beam to the chosen coating. We have measured the resistive wall tune shifts of each coating material and compared them with that of a standard Carbon Fibre Composite (CFC) collimator jaw. A resolution of the tune shift of the order of 10^-5 has been achieved in the measurement. The results show a significant reduction of the resistive wall tune shift with novel materials. The largest improvement is obtained with a 5 μm Molybdenum coating of a Molybdenum-Graphite jaw. The observed tune shifts show a good agreement with the impedance model and the bench impedance and resistivity measurements. Obtained results can be used to further improve the precision of the impedance model.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF035
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THPAF051	Beam Impedance Evaluation for CERN PS Gate Valves by Simulation and Benchmark Measurement	3080
	B.K. Popovic, C. Vollinger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The CERN High Luminosity LHC project calls for a doubling of beam intensity which requires a clear identification of possible longitudinal instability sources in the injector chain. This requirement yields the need to further improve the longitudinal impedance model for the Proton Synchrotron (PS). In this impedance model it is necessary to include not only obvious impedance sources, such as RF cavities and kickers but also seemingly innocuous elements like certain vacuum components. Individually these vacuum elements would give only a small impedance contribution, however, due to the large number of these elements in the machine, their resultant combined impedances impact the overall impedance budget. This paper presents the electromagnetic simulation analysis of the PS sector gate valves along with EM measurements confirming the simulation model. These measurements are especially crucial in this case since no complete mechanical model or drawings are available and assumptions had to be made regarding its interior mechanical structure.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF051
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THPAF052	Impedance Analysis of New PS Internal Dump Design	3083
	B.K. Popovic, L. Teofili, C. Vollinger CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN calls for increasing beam intensity in the injector chain. In the Proton Synchrotron (PS), a pre-injector of the LHC, these intensities can result in beam instabilities and potential RF heating of machine components, such that impedance mitigation measures are required. To study these intensity effects, the PS impedance model has been developed and is continuously updated. Each new machine element that is to be added into the accelerator requires an impedance study to minimize its contribution with respect to the machine's overall impedance budget. In such a context, this paper presents the impedance analysis of the new design of the internal beam dump for the PS, showing the design process required to reduce the impedance contribution of this element. Furthermore, the impedance analysis of the currently installed beam dump is analysed in order to compare the impedance contributions of the two designs.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF052
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THPAF063	Identification of Imperfections in Impedance Shields on the SPS-QF Flanges via Non-Intrusive Measurements	3119
	A. Farricker, P. Kramer, B.K. Popovic, E. Sunar, C. Vollinger, M. Wendt CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In order to achieve the highest beam intensities possible in the LHC the highest quality beam possible has to be supplied by the injector chain. The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN is the last accelerator in the injector chain of the LHC. One factor that is currently known to limit the intensity of the beam for injection to the LHC, is the longitudinal beam-coupling impedance in the SPS. One known source of multi-bunch instability is the vacuum flanges and campaigns to mechanically shield this source were completed in the year 2000. However, today it cannot be excluded that some of these shields may have partial or indeed full failures. Since these flanges are next to a QF magnet and are in most cases connected to a BPH (Beam Position Monitor Horizontal), it is possible to carry out via the BPH an in-situ measurement of the effectiveness of the shields. In this paper we present a methodology as well as measurement results taken with this non-intrusive in-situ method. From measurements, it is possible to identify if the flanges are without any impedance shield, equipped with either a fully functioning shield or a shield exhibiting non-ideal properties.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAF063
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THPAK001	Impedance Evaluation of In-Vacuum Undulator at KEK Photon Factory	3200
	O. Tanaka, M. Adachi, R. Kato, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, S. Sakanaka, R. Takai, K. Tsuchiya, N. Yamamoto KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	The estimate of impedance and kick factors of the recently installed at KEK Photon Factory (PF) four In-Vacuum Undulators (IVU) is currently a very important issue, because they could be considerable contributors to the total impedance of PF. Moreover, the coupling impedance of the IVUs could lead to the beam energy loss, changes in the bunch shape, betatron tune shifts and, finally, to the various beam instabilities. Using the simulation tool (CST Particle Studio), longitudinal and transverse impedances of the IVUs were evaluated and compared to analytical formulas and measurement results. The study provides guidelines for mitigation of unwanted impedance, for the accurate estimate of its effects on the beam quality and beam instabilities and also for the impedance budget of a newly designed next-generation machine which has many IVUs and small-aperture beam pipes.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK001
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THPAK002	Updated Model of the Resistive Wall Impedance for the Main Ring of J-PARC	3204
	B. Yee-Rendón, Y.H. Chin, H. Kuboki, T. Toyama KEK, Ibaraki, Japan M. Schenk CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The resistive wall impedance is one of the major contributors of the impedance in the Main Ring of J-PARC. The present model assumes round chambers of stainless steel with perfect magnet boundary conditions for its surroundings. This work presents the model of the resistive wall impedances taking into account the different chamber geometries of Main Ring, the materials and more realistic surroundings. The models were benchmarked with measurements of the coherent tune shift of the Main Ring of J-PARC. The simulation of beam instabilities is a helpful tool to evaluate potential threats against the machine protection of the high intensity beams.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK002
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THPAK005	Measuring the Coupling Impedance of Vacuum Components for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Using a Goubau Line	3211
SUSPF074	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	M.P. Sangroula IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA R.M. Lill, R.R. Lindberg, R.B. Zabel ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA
	The Planned upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) will increase the x-ray brightness by two to three orders of magnitude. Storing such an intense beam stably inside the narrow gap vacuum chambers requires sophisticated and appropriately designed rf-components that helps to minimize rf heating and collective instabilities associated with the impedance of these small-aperture vacuum components. As part of this effort, my research focuses on impedance measurement and simulation of various MBA vacuum components. In this paper, we briefly introduce the novel Goubau line (G-line) test fixture for the impedance measurement, at first, and then present our measurements data along with simulations with simulations for various vacuum components designed for the APS Upgrade.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK005
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THPAK015	Impedance and Heat Load Analysis of the Stripline Kicker in HEPS	3234
	N. Wang, J. Chen, Z. Duan, H. Shi, S.K. Tian, L. Wang, H.S. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	In the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), strip-line kickers are adopted for beam injection and extraction. Beam coupling impedance contribution from the strip-line kicker is calculated. Detailed studies on the heat load dissipation have been performed. The peak electric field on the blade and the induced voltage on the feedthroughs due to the beam passage are also calculated.
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THPAK031	Suppression of Longitudinal Coupled Bunch Instability by Harmonic Cavity in UVSOR Electron Storage Ring	3280
	A. Mochihashi KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany M. Fujimoto, K. Hayashi, M. Katoh UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan J. H. Hasegawa, M. Hosaka, M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima, Y. Takashima Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center, Aichi, Japan M. Katoh Sokendai - Okazaki, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
	In the UVSOR electron storage ring, which is dedicated for a VUV synchrotron radiation light source, a longitudinal coupled bunch instability (LCBI) is observed in multi-bunch operation. To suppress the LCBI, we routinely operate a third harmonic cavity (HCV) in a passive mode. By properly tuning HCV, the instability is almost completely suppressed. Because of the lower beam energy (750 MeV) and brilliant beam emittance (17.5 nm-rad), the Touschek effect becomes severe in the UVSOR. To guarantee enough beam lifetime, we also apply HCV for lengthening the bunch. The suppression of the instability and increasing the beam lifetime are crucial benefits by HCV for the UVSOR. However, not only the origin of the LCBI but also the Landau damping effect by HCV has not been understood systematically yet. We have noticed that one of the HOMs at HCV itself could cause the LCBI and observed the behavior of the instability, which strongly depends on the beam current. From the experiment we have discussed the cause of the instability with the HOM theory. We have also tried to observe synchrotron tune spread and discussed a competition between the Landau damping and the instability growth. Present affiliation of the first auther : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK031
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THPAK037	Beam-Loading Transients and Bunch Shape in the Operation of Passive Harmonic Cavities in the ALS-U	3298
SUSPF073	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Z. Pan, S. De Santis, C. Steier, C. Sun, M. Venturini LBNL, Berkeley, USA T. Hellert DESY, Hamburg, Germany C.-X. Tang TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	The ALS-U is a major upgrade of the LBNL ALS to a diffraction limited light source. The current plan is to replace all the vacuum and magnet components while retaining the existing 500 MHz main and third-harmonic, passively operated, rf cavities, but replacement of the existing rf cavities is also being considered. A new feature, is represented by beam-loading transients associated with a beam consisting of 11 bunch trains separated by 10 ns gaps as needed to enable on-axis swap-out injection. In this paper we study these transients and the associated bunch-to-bunch phase, length, and profile variations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK037
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THPAK074	Beam Manipulation Using Self-Induced Fields in the SwissFEL Injector	3401
	S. Bettoni, P. Craievich, R. Ganter, P. Heimgartner, H. Jöhri, F. Marcellini, S. Reiche PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	Several possibilities of manipulating the electron beam using sources of wakefield are being explored. Wakefield have been successfully used to remove or enhance the energy chirp residual from the magnetic compression to control the free electron laser bandwidth (dechirper), to linearize the compressed beam (linearizer), to generate more bunches to produce two color mode, and to perform experiments of wakefield acceleration. At the SwissFEL injector we plan to install 2 m long system to accommodate sources of wakefield with different periodicities, each of them associated with one of the discussed beam manipulation. In this paper we summarize the design and the characterization of the system and the planned activities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK074
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THPAK077	Feasibility of Non-Metal Vacuum Chamber for Storage Rings	3411
	T.-Y. Lee PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
	This paper studies if the vacuum chamber of an elec-tron storage ring can be made of dielectric non-meta materials such as ceramics or glass. The purpose of this study is to substantially reduce the broadband imped-ance of the vacuum chamber and consequently mitigate single bunch instabilities. This theoretical study examines how these materials can reduce the impedance and pro-poses how to resolve technical problems to occur.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK077
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THPAK090	Symbolic Presentation of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems in Terms of Lego-Objects	3441
	E. Sboeva, E. Krushinevskii Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
	In this paper we propose a symbolic representation of the solutions of the equations of evolution of dynamical systems in the framework of matrix formalism and Lie algebra for a number of elements of the accelerator (in particular, dipole, quadrupole and octupole) up to the 4th order. The considered solutions are Lego-objects, which are include into the general scheme of the representation beam dynamics. It allows modeling of schemes of various accelerators and thereby to increasing performance of parametrical optimization. Let us note that the symbolic approach to solving such problems is more preferable than the numerical one, which is widely used. This leads to a reduction in the time and resources spent on solving optimization problems, as well as the ability to create universal Lego objects. The paper considers the verification of the obtained formulas from the experimental data. The corresponding Lego objects are the main components of the special software for both symbolic and numerical dynamics analysis. This software is planned to be used for modeling within the framework of the NICA accelerator project. S.N. Andrianov. Dynamic Modeling of Particle Beam Control Systems. Saint Petersburg State University, 2002.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK090
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THPAK092	Analysis on the Mechanical Effects Induced by Beam Impedance Heating on the HL-LHC Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS) Absorber	3448
	L. Teofili, M. Migliorati Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy M. Calviani, D. Carbajo Perez, S.S. Gilardoni, F. Giordano, I. Lamas Garcia, G. Mazzacano, A. Perillo-Marcone CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project at CERN calls for increasing beam brightness and intensity. In such a scenario, critical accelerator devices need to be redesigned and rebuilt. Impedance is among the design drivers, since its thermo-mechanical effects could lead to premature device failures. In this context, the current work reports the results of a multiphysics study to assess the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical behaviour of the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS). It first discusses the outcomes of the impedance analysis performed to characterise the resistive wall and the high order resonant modes (HOMs) trapped in the TDIS structures. Then, their RF-heating effects and the related temperature distribution are considered. Finally, mechanical stresses induced by thermal gradients are studied in order to give a final validation on the design quality.
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THPAK093	A Multi-Physics Approach to Simulate the RF Heating 3D Power Map Induced by the Proton Beam in a Beam Intercepting Device	3452
SUSPF075	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	L. Teofili, M. Migliorati Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy D. Carbajo Perez, F. Giordano, I. Lamas Garcia, G. Mazzacano CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The project High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL- LHC) calls for a streaking beam intensity and brightness in the LHC machine. In such a scenario, beam-environment electromagnetic interactions are a crucial topic: they could lead to uneven power deposition in machine equipment. The resulting irregular temperature distribution would gener- ates local thermal gradients, this would create mechanical stresses which could lead to cracks and premature failure of accelerator devices. This work presents a method to study this phenomenon by means of coupled electro-thermo- mechanical simulations. Further, examples of applications on real HL-LHC devices is also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-THPAK093
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THPAK103	Pragmatic Method of Deducing a Wake Function for a General 3D Structure	3469
	G. Skripka CERN, Geneva, Switzerland R. Nagaoka SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
	A key quantity in simulating collective beam instabilities is the wake potential of a bunch of particles whose charge distribution is continuously evolving in time. However, obtaining such wake potential is only possible if a wake excited by a single particle in the surrounding environment is known. A practical self-consistent approach was developed to obtain an effective wake function from a numerical wake potential computed for a finite length bunch. The wake potential is processed to a numerical impedance which is decomposed into a set of well-known analytical wake functions. The decomposed impedance is then transformed back into time domain and, thus, converted into an effective wake function which is by nature physical and most consistent with the numerical wake potential. Though the method is limited by the initial numerical impedance data and the choice of impedance decomposition, the retrieved wake function can be used in instability simulations with a bunch whose length is comparable to that used in the electromagnetic field solver. We show that the method can be applied to a general 3D structure, which allows finding effective wake functions of realistic vacuum chambers.
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THPAK110	Correction of ν_r-ν_z=1 Resonance in TRIUMF Cyclotron	3492
	Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, T. Planche TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
	Funding: TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada The second order linear coupling resonance nu_r-nu_z=1 is driven by an asymmetry in the median plane of the cyclotron due to presence of the first harmonic in B_r component. In TRIUMF cyclotron, this resonance is encountered at about 166 MeV and 291 MeV, where nu_r=1.2 and nu_z=0.2. When the beam is off-centered radially to pass through this resonance, the radial oscillation gets converted into vertical oscillation, which can cause beam loss to occur, though these loss modes do not reduce the machine transmission under normal operation. In this paper, we present the results of simulations and measurements that we have performed to correct this resonance by using the existing harmonic coils.
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Paper

Title

Page

TUXGBF1

XFEL Impedance Effects and Mitigation

M. Dohlus
DESY, Hamburg, Germany

A detailed impedance budget has been set up for the European XFEL, including the contributions from 2000 components, such as 824 cavities, 500 flanges, 220 BPMs (5 types, 78 pumps, 20 OTR screens, 7 collimators, 5 BAMs, 3 kickers, warm pipe etc. Both surface effects and geometric effects are important. Bunch compression and warm beam pipe require additional consideration. Most important are possible beam degradation affecting the FEL operation. Longitudinal wake fields lead to energy losses and unwanted energy spread. Even with mitigation, the wake-induced energy loss are larger than the energy losses due to the FEL lasing process. Various technical solutions have been developed to minimize the effects. This invited talk presents the basis for these simulations, their results, and comparisons with recent beam measurements in the European XFEL.

Slides TUXGBF1 [2.070 MB]

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WEYGBE4

Low-Impedance Collimators for HL-LHC

1794

S. A. Antipov, N. Biancacci, R. Bruce, A. Mereghetti, D. Mirarchi, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, B. Salvant
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Amorim
Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

The High-Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will double its beam intensity for the needs of High Energy Physics frontier. This increase requires a reduction of the machine's impedance to ensure the coherent stability of the beams until they are put in collision. A major part of the impedance is the resistive wall contribution of the collimators. To reduce this contribution several coating options have been proposed. We have studied numerically the effect of the novel coatings on the beam stability. The results show that a decrease of up to 30% of the machine impedance and a reduction of up to 120 A in the stabilizing octupole current threshold can be achieved by coating the secondary collimators with Molybdenum. Half of that improvement can be obtained by coating the jaws of a subset of four collimators identified as the highest contributors to machine impedance. The installation of this subset of low-impedance collimators is planned for the Long Shutdown 2 in 2019-2020.

Slides WEYGBE4 [5.719 MB]

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THPAF020

Measurement of Transverse Impedance of Specific Components in CESR Using BPM Measurements of Pinged Bunches

2990

M.P. Ehrlichman, J.P. Shanks, S. Wang
Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA

A beam-based technique is applied to determine the quadrupole impedance of large-impedance components of the CESR storage ring. Two bunches separated by ~1/3 of the ring circumference are charged to 0.85 and 0.3 mA. Each bunch is given a single kick, either horizontal or vertical. Turn-by-turn, bunch-by-bunch position information is recorded for ~16 k turns. BPM-by-BPM phase is calculated using the All-phase FFT method of spectral analysis. The difference in the BPM-to-BPM phase advance between the two bunches is a measurement of the local transverse impedance. The impedances of the small-aperture in-vacuum undulators, collimators, scrapers, RF cavities, electrostatic separators, and bulk impedance of the remaining ring are determined in this manner.

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THPAF035

Single-Collimator Tune Shift Measurement of the Three-Stripe Collimator at the LHC

3036

S. A. Antipov
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
D. Amorim, N. Biancacci, L.R. Carver, G. Mazzacano, A. Mereghetti, E. Métral, S. Redaelli, B. Salvant, D. Valuch
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Several options of low resistivity coating have been proposed for the collimator upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. In order to study their effect on the beam dynamics a special collimator has been built and installed in the machine. Its jaws are coated with three different materials and can be moved transversely to selectively expose the beam to the chosen coating. We have measured the resistive wall tune shifts of each coating material and compared them with that of a standard Carbon Fibre Composite (CFC) collimator jaw. A resolution of the tune shift of the order of 10^-5 has been achieved in the measurement. The results show a significant reduction of the resistive wall tune shift with novel materials. The largest improvement is obtained with a 5 μm Molybdenum coating of a Molybdenum-Graphite jaw. The observed tune shifts show a good agreement with the impedance model and the bench impedance and resistivity measurements. Obtained results can be used to further improve the precision of the impedance model.

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THPAF051

Beam Impedance Evaluation for CERN PS Gate Valves by Simulation and Benchmark Measurement

3080

B.K. Popovic, C. Vollinger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The CERN High Luminosity LHC project calls for a doubling of beam intensity which requires a clear identification of possible longitudinal instability sources in the injector chain. This requirement yields the need to further improve the longitudinal impedance model for the Proton Synchrotron (PS). In this impedance model it is necessary to include not only obvious impedance sources, such as RF cavities and kickers but also seemingly innocuous elements like certain vacuum components. Individually these vacuum elements would give only a small impedance contribution, however, due to the large number of these elements in the machine, their resultant combined impedances impact the overall impedance budget. This paper presents the electromagnetic simulation analysis of the PS sector gate valves along with EM measurements confirming the simulation model. These measurements are especially crucial in this case since no complete mechanical model or drawings are available and assumptions had to be made regarding its interior mechanical structure.

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THPAF052

Impedance Analysis of New PS Internal Dump Design

3083

B.K. Popovic, L. Teofili, C. Vollinger
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN calls for increasing beam intensity in the injector chain. In the Proton Synchrotron (PS), a pre-injector of the LHC, these intensities can result in beam instabilities and potential RF heating of machine components, such that impedance mitigation measures are required. To study these intensity effects, the PS impedance model has been developed and is continuously updated. Each new machine element that is to be added into the accelerator requires an impedance study to minimize its contribution with respect to the machine's overall impedance budget. In such a context, this paper presents the impedance analysis of the new design of the internal beam dump for the PS, showing the design process required to reduce the impedance contribution of this element. Furthermore, the impedance analysis of the currently installed beam dump is analysed in order to compare the impedance contributions of the two designs.

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THPAF063

Identification of Imperfections in Impedance Shields on the SPS-QF Flanges via Non-Intrusive Measurements

3119

A. Farricker, P. Kramer, B.K. Popovic, E. Sunar, C. Vollinger, M. Wendt
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In order to achieve the highest beam intensities possible in the LHC the highest quality beam possible has to be supplied by the injector chain. The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN is the last accelerator in the injector chain of the LHC. One factor that is currently known to limit the intensity of the beam for injection to the LHC, is the longitudinal beam-coupling impedance in the SPS. One known source of multi-bunch instability is the vacuum flanges and campaigns to mechanically shield this source were completed in the year 2000. However, today it cannot be excluded that some of these shields may have partial or indeed full failures. Since these flanges are next to a QF magnet and are in most cases connected to a BPH (Beam Position Monitor Horizontal), it is possible to carry out via the BPH an in-situ measurement of the effectiveness of the shields. In this paper we present a methodology as well as measurement results taken with this non-intrusive in-situ method. From measurements, it is possible to identify if the flanges are without any impedance shield, equipped with either a fully functioning shield or a shield exhibiting non-ideal properties.

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THPAK001

Impedance Evaluation of In-Vacuum Undulator at KEK Photon Factory

3200

O. Tanaka, M. Adachi, R. Kato, N. Nakamura, T. Obina, S. Sakanaka, R. Takai, K. Tsuchiya, N. Yamamoto
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

The estimate of impedance and kick factors of the recently installed at KEK Photon Factory (PF) four In-Vacuum Undulators (IVU) is currently a very important issue, because they could be considerable contributors to the total impedance of PF. Moreover, the coupling impedance of the IVUs could lead to the beam energy loss, changes in the bunch shape, betatron tune shifts and, finally, to the various beam instabilities. Using the simulation tool (CST Particle Studio), longitudinal and transverse impedances of the IVUs were evaluated and compared to analytical formulas and measurement results. The study provides guidelines for mitigation of unwanted impedance, for the accurate estimate of its effects on the beam quality and beam instabilities and also for the impedance budget of a newly designed next-generation machine which has many IVUs and small-aperture beam pipes.

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THPAK002

Updated Model of the Resistive Wall Impedance for the Main Ring of J-PARC

3204

B. Yee-Rendón, Y.H. Chin, H. Kuboki, T. Toyama
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
M. Schenk
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The resistive wall impedance is one of the major contributors of the impedance in the Main Ring of J-PARC. The present model assumes round chambers of stainless steel with perfect magnet boundary conditions for its surroundings. This work presents the model of the resistive wall impedances taking into account the different chamber geometries of Main Ring, the materials and more realistic surroundings. The models were benchmarked with measurements of the coherent tune shift of the Main Ring of J-PARC. The simulation of beam instabilities is a helpful tool to evaluate potential threats against the machine protection of the high intensity beams.

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THPAK005

Measuring the Coupling Impedance of Vacuum Components for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade Using a Goubau Line

3211

SUSPF074

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M.P. Sangroula
IIT, Chicago, Illinois, USA
R.M. Lill, R.R. Lindberg, R.B. Zabel
ANL, Argonne, Illinois, USA

The Planned upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) will increase the x-ray brightness by two to three orders of magnitude. Storing such an intense beam stably inside the narrow gap vacuum chambers requires sophisticated and appropriately designed rf-components that helps to minimize rf heating and collective instabilities associated with the impedance of these small-aperture vacuum components. As part of this effort, my research focuses on impedance measurement and simulation of various MBA vacuum components. In this paper, we briefly introduce the novel Goubau line (G-line) test fixture for the impedance measurement, at first, and then present our measurements data along with simulations with simulations for various vacuum components designed for the APS Upgrade.

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THPAK015

Impedance and Heat Load Analysis of the Stripline Kicker in HEPS

3234

N. Wang, J. Chen, Z. Duan, H. Shi, S.K. Tian, L. Wang, H.S. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

In the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), strip-line kickers are adopted for beam injection and extraction. Beam coupling impedance contribution from the strip-line kicker is calculated. Detailed studies on the heat load dissipation have been performed. The peak electric field on the blade and the induced voltage on the feedthroughs due to the beam passage are also calculated.

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THPAK031

Suppression of Longitudinal Coupled Bunch Instability by Harmonic Cavity in UVSOR Electron Storage Ring

3280

A. Mochihashi
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
M. Fujimoto, K. Hayashi, M. Katoh
UVSOR, Okazaki, Japan
J. H. Hasegawa, M. Hosaka, M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima, Y. Takashima
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
M. Hosaka, Y. Takashima
Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center, Aichi, Japan
M. Katoh
Sokendai - Okazaki, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

In the UVSOR electron storage ring, which is dedicated for a VUV synchrotron radiation light source, a longitudinal coupled bunch instability (LCBI) is observed in multi-bunch operation. To suppress the LCBI, we routinely operate a third harmonic cavity (HCV) in a passive mode. By properly tuning HCV, the instability is almost completely suppressed. Because of the lower beam energy (750 MeV) and brilliant beam emittance (17.5 nm-rad), the Touschek effect becomes severe in the UVSOR. To guarantee enough beam lifetime, we also apply HCV for lengthening the bunch. The suppression of the instability and increasing the beam lifetime are crucial benefits by HCV for the UVSOR. However, not only the origin of the LCBI but also the Landau damping effect by HCV has not been understood systematically yet. We have noticed that one of the HOMs at HCV itself could cause the LCBI and observed the behavior of the instability, which strongly depends on the beam current. From the experiment we have discussed the cause of the instability with the HOM theory. We have also tried to observe synchrotron tune spread and discussed a competition between the Landau damping and the instability growth.
Present affiliation of the first auther : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

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THPAK037

Beam-Loading Transients and Bunch Shape in the Operation of Passive Harmonic Cavities in the ALS-U

3298

SUSPF073

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Z. Pan, S. De Santis, C. Steier, C. Sun, M. Venturini
LBNL, Berkeley, USA
T. Hellert
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
C.-X. Tang
TUB, Beijing, People's Republic of China

The ALS-U is a major upgrade of the LBNL ALS to a diffraction limited light source. The current plan is to replace all the vacuum and magnet components while retaining the existing 500 MHz main and third-harmonic, passively operated, rf cavities, but replacement of the existing rf cavities is also being considered. A new feature, is represented by beam-loading transients associated with a beam consisting of 11 bunch trains separated by 10 ns gaps as needed to enable on-axis swap-out injection. In this paper we study these transients and the associated bunch-to-bunch phase, length, and profile variations.

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THPAK074

Beam Manipulation Using Self-Induced Fields in the SwissFEL Injector

3401

S. Bettoni, P. Craievich, R. Ganter, P. Heimgartner, H. Jöhri, F. Marcellini, S. Reiche
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Several possibilities of manipulating the electron beam using sources of wakefield are being explored. Wakefield have been successfully used to remove or enhance the energy chirp residual from the magnetic compression to control the free electron laser bandwidth (dechirper), to linearize the compressed beam (linearizer), to generate more bunches to produce two color mode, and to perform experiments of wakefield acceleration. At the SwissFEL injector we plan to install 2 m long system to accommodate sources of wakefield with different periodicities, each of them associated with one of the discussed beam manipulation. In this paper we summarize the design and the characterization of the system and the planned activities.

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THPAK077

Feasibility of Non-Metal Vacuum Chamber for Storage Rings

3411

T.-Y. Lee
PAL, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea

This paper studies if the vacuum chamber of an elec-tron storage ring can be made of dielectric non-meta materials such as ceramics or glass. The purpose of this study is to substantially reduce the broadband imped-ance of the vacuum chamber and consequently mitigate single bunch instabilities. This theoretical study examines how these materials can reduce the impedance and pro-poses how to resolve technical problems to occur.

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THPAK090

Symbolic Presentation of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems in Terms of Lego-Objects

3441

E. Sboeva, E. Krushinevskii
Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
S.N. Andrianov, A.N. Ivanov
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

In this paper we propose a symbolic representation of the solutions of the equations of evolution of dynamical systems in the framework of matrix formalism and Lie algebra for a number of elements of the accelerator (in particular, dipole, quadrupole and octupole) up to the 4th order. The considered solutions are Lego-objects*, which are include into the general scheme of the representation beam dynamics. It allows modeling of schemes of various accelerators and thereby to increasing performance of parametrical optimization. Let us note that the symbolic approach to solving such problems is more preferable than the numerical one, which is widely used. This leads to a reduction in the time and resources spent on solving optimization problems, as well as the ability to create universal Lego objects. The paper considers the verification of the obtained formulas from the experimental data. The corresponding Lego objects are the main components of the special software for both symbolic and numerical dynamics analysis. This software is planned to be used for modeling within the framework of the NICA accelerator project.
*S.N. Andrianov. Dynamic Modeling of Particle Beam Control Systems.
Saint Petersburg State University, 2002.

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THPAK092

Analysis on the Mechanical Effects Induced by Beam Impedance Heating on the HL-LHC Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS) Absorber

3448

L. Teofili, M. Migliorati
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
M. Calviani, D. Carbajo Perez, S.S. Gilardoni, F. Giordano, I. Lamas Garcia, G. Mazzacano, A. Perillo-Marcone
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Project at CERN calls for increasing beam brightness and intensity. In such a scenario, critical accelerator devices need to be redesigned and rebuilt. Impedance is among the design drivers, since its thermo-mechanical effects could lead to premature device failures. In this context, the current work reports the results of a multiphysics study to assess the electromagnetic and thermo-mechanical behaviour of the Target Dump Injection Segmented (TDIS). It first discusses the outcomes of the impedance analysis performed to characterise the resistive wall and the high order resonant modes (HOMs) trapped in the TDIS structures. Then, their RF-heating effects and the related temperature distribution are considered. Finally, mechanical stresses induced by thermal gradients are studied in order to give a final validation on the design quality.

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THPAK093

A Multi-Physics Approach to Simulate the RF Heating 3D Power Map Induced by the Proton Beam in a Beam Intercepting Device

3452

SUSPF075

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L. Teofili, M. Migliorati
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
D. Carbajo Perez, F. Giordano, I. Lamas Garcia, G. Mazzacano
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The project High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL- LHC) calls for a streaking beam intensity and brightness in the LHC machine. In such a scenario, beam-environment electromagnetic interactions are a crucial topic: they could lead to uneven power deposition in machine equipment. The resulting irregular temperature distribution would gener- ates local thermal gradients, this would create mechanical stresses which could lead to cracks and premature failure of accelerator devices. This work presents a method to study this phenomenon by means of coupled electro-thermo- mechanical simulations. Further, examples of applications on real HL-LHC devices is also discussed.

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THPAK103

Pragmatic Method of Deducing a Wake Function for a General 3D Structure

3469

G. Skripka
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
R. Nagaoka
SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

A key quantity in simulating collective beam instabilities is the wake potential of a bunch of particles whose charge distribution is continuously evolving in time. However, obtaining such wake potential is only possible if a wake excited by a single particle in the surrounding environment is known. A practical self-consistent approach was developed to obtain an effective wake function from a numerical wake potential computed for a finite length bunch. The wake potential is processed to a numerical impedance which is decomposed into a set of well-known analytical wake functions. The decomposed impedance is then transformed back into time domain and, thus, converted into an effective wake function which is by nature physical and most consistent with the numerical wake potential. Though the method is limited by the initial numerical impedance data and the choice of impedance decomposition, the retrieved wake function can be used in instability simulations with a bunch whose length is comparable to that used in the electromagnetic field solver. We show that the method can be applied to a general 3D structure, which allows finding effective wake functions of realistic vacuum chambers.

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THPAK110

Correction of ν_r-ν_z=1 Resonance in TRIUMF Cyclotron

3492

Y.-N. Rao, R.A. Baartman, T. Planche
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

Funding: TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement through the National Research Council of Canada
The second order linear coupling resonance nu_r-nu_z=1 is driven by an asymmetry in the median plane of the cyclotron due to presence of the first harmonic in B_r component. In TRIUMF cyclotron, this resonance is encountered at about 166 MeV and 291 MeV, where nu_r=1.2 and nu_z=0.2. When the beam is off-centered radially to pass through this resonance, the radial oscillation gets converted into vertical oscillation, which can cause beam loss to occur, though these loss modes do not reduce the machine transmission under normal operation. In this paper, we present the results of simulations and measurements that we have performed to correct this resonance by using the existing harmonic coils.

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