IPAC2017 - List of Authors (Garcia Alia, R.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOPIK045	SPS Slow Extraction Losses and Activation: Challenges and Possibilities for Improvement	611
	M.A. Fraser, B. Balhan, H. Bartosik, C. Bertone, D. Björkman, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, R. Garcia Alia, L. Gatignon, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, A. Mereghetti, F. Roncarolo, P.M. Schicho, J. Spanggaard, O. Stein, L.S. Stoel, F.M. Velotti, H. Vincke CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	In 2015 the highest integrated number of protons in the history of the North Area was slow extracted from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) for the Fixed Target physics programme. At well over 1.10¹⁹ protons on target (POT), this represented the highest annual figure at SPS for almost two decades, since the West Area Neutrino Facility was operational some 20 years ago. The high intensity POT requests have continued into 2016-17 and look set to do so for the foreseeable future, especially in view of the proposed SPS Beam Dump Facility and experiments, e.g. SHiP, which are requesting up to 4·10¹⁹ POT per year. Without significant improvements, the attainable annual POT will be limited to well below the total the SPS machine could deliver, due to activation of accelerator equipment and associated personnel dose limitations. In this contribution, the issues arising from the recent high activation levels are discussed along with the steps taken to understand, manage and mitigate these issues. The research avenues being actively pursued to improve the slow extraction related beam loss for present operation and future requests are outlined, and their relative merits discussed. A. Golutvin et al., ‘‘A Facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS'', CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Rep. CERN-SPSC-2015-016 (SPSC-P-350), Apr. 2015.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK045
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TUPVA015	Radiation Levels at the LHC: 2012, 2015 and 2016 Proton Physics Operations in View of HL-LHC requirements	2075
	C. Martinella, M. Brugger, S. Danzeca, R. Garcia Alia, Y. Kadi, O. Stein, C. Xu CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The variety of beam losses produced in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) creates a mixed and complex radiation field. During 2012, 2015 and 2016, Beam Loss Monitors and RadMons were used to monitor the inte-grated dose and the High Energy Hadrons fluence in order to anticipate the electronics degradation and inves-tigate the cause of failures. The annual radiation levels are compared; highlighting the mechanisms in the pro-duction of beam losses and the impact of the different squeeze and crossing angle. In addition, the increase of beam-gas interaction is discussed comparing operations at 25 ns and 50 ns bunch spacing. A strategy is presented to allow for a continuous respective evaluation during the upcoming LHC and future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operations.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA015
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TUPVA016	Identification and Analysis of Prompt Dose Maxima in the Insertion Regions IR1 and IR5 of the Large Hadron Collider	2078
	O. Stein, M. Brugger, S. Danzeca, R. Garcia Alia, Y. Kadi, M. Kastriotou, C. Martinella, C. Xu CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	During the operation of the LHC the continuous particle losses create a radiation field in the LHC tunnel and the adjacent caverns. Exposed electronics and accelerator components show dose dependent accelerated aging effects and stochastic Single Event Effects which can lead to faults and downtime of the LHC. In order to achieve an optimal life duration, the position of the equipment is chosen in dependency of the amplitude of the radiation fields. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the prompt dose distributions along the whole LHC. By using the LHC beam loss monitor and RadMon systems, the prompt dose during the accelerator operation is continuously monitored. Measurements in the long straight sections and the dispersion suppressors in IR1 (ATLAS) and in IR5 (CMS) have shown that the radiation levels have localised maxima which exceed the base line by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The analysis of these radiation peaks will be presented and the underlying loss mechanisms will be discussed. The results will help to identify areas not suitable for radiation sensitive electronics. Implications on the expected radiation levels for High-Luminosity LHC are also discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA016
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Paper

Title

Page

SPS Slow Extraction Losses and Activation: Challenges and Possibilities for Improvement

611

M.A. Fraser, B. Balhan, H. Bartosik, C. Bertone, D. Björkman, J.C.C.M. Borburgh, N. Conan, K. Cornelis, R. Garcia Alia, L. Gatignon, B. Goddard, Y. Kadi, V. Kain, A. Mereghetti, F. Roncarolo, P.M. Schicho, J. Spanggaard, O. Stein, L.S. Stoel, F.M. Velotti, H. Vincke
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

In 2015 the highest integrated number of protons in the history of the North Area was slow extracted from the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) for the Fixed Target physics programme. At well over 1.10¹⁹ protons on target (POT), this represented the highest annual figure at SPS for almost two decades, since the West Area Neutrino Facility was operational some 20 years ago. The high intensity POT requests have continued into 2016-17 and look set to do so for the foreseeable future, especially in view of the proposed SPS Beam Dump Facility and experiments, e.g. SHiP*, which are requesting up to 4·10¹⁹ POT per year. Without significant improvements, the attainable annual POT will be limited to well below the total the SPS machine could deliver, due to activation of accelerator equipment and associated personnel dose limitations. In this contribution, the issues arising from the recent high activation levels are discussed along with the steps taken to understand, manage and mitigate these issues. The research avenues being actively pursued to improve the slow extraction related beam loss for present operation and future requests are outlined, and their relative merits discussed.
*A. Golutvin et al., ‘‘A Facility to Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) at the CERN SPS'', CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, Rep. CERN-SPSC-2015-016 (SPSC-P-350), Apr. 2015.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-MOPIK045

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reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPVA015

Radiation Levels at the LHC: 2012, 2015 and 2016 Proton Physics Operations in View of HL-LHC requirements

2075

C. Martinella, M. Brugger, S. Danzeca, R. Garcia Alia, Y. Kadi, O. Stein, C. Xu
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The variety of beam losses produced in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) creates a mixed and complex radiation field. During 2012, 2015 and 2016, Beam Loss Monitors and RadMons were used to monitor the inte-grated dose and the High Energy Hadrons fluence in order to anticipate the electronics degradation and inves-tigate the cause of failures. The annual radiation levels are compared; highlighting the mechanisms in the pro-duction of beam losses and the impact of the different squeeze and crossing angle. In addition, the increase of beam-gas interaction is discussed comparing operations at 25 ns and 50 ns bunch spacing. A strategy is presented to allow for a continuous respective evaluation during the upcoming LHC and future High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operations.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA015

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUPVA016

Identification and Analysis of Prompt Dose Maxima in the Insertion Regions IR1 and IR5 of the Large Hadron Collider

2078

O. Stein, M. Brugger, S. Danzeca, R. Garcia Alia, Y. Kadi, M. Kastriotou, C. Martinella, C. Xu
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

During the operation of the LHC the continuous particle losses create a radiation field in the LHC tunnel and the adjacent caverns. Exposed electronics and accelerator components show dose dependent accelerated aging effects and stochastic Single Event Effects which can lead to faults and downtime of the LHC. In order to achieve an optimal life duration, the position of the equipment is chosen in dependency of the amplitude of the radiation fields. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the prompt dose distributions along the whole LHC. By using the LHC beam loss monitor and RadMon systems, the prompt dose during the accelerator operation is continuously monitored. Measurements in the long straight sections and the dispersion suppressors in IR1 (ATLAS) and in IR5 (CMS) have shown that the radiation levels have localised maxima which exceed the base line by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. The analysis of these radiation peaks will be presented and the underlying loss mechanisms will be discussed. The results will help to identify areas not suitable for radiation sensitive electronics. Implications on the expected radiation levels for High-Luminosity LHC are also discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2017-TUPVA016

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)