IPAC2011 - List of Authors (Zannini, C.)

Paper

Title

Page

Electromagnetic Modeling of C Shape Ferrite Loaded Kickers

763

C. Zannini
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
E. Métral, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, V.G. Vaccaro, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

The kickers are major contributors to the CERN SPS beam coupling impedance. As such, they may represent a limitation to increasing the SPS bunch current in the frame of an intensity upgrade of the LHC. In this paper, analytical approach and CST Particle Studio time domain electromagnetic simulations are performed to obtain the longitudinal and transverse impedances/wake potentials of models of ferrite loaded kickers. It turns out that the existing models are not sufficient to characterize correctly these components from the coupling impedance point of view. In particular the results show that below few hundred MHz the real C-structure of the magnet cannot be neglected. Therefore an analytical model was developed and benchmarked with EM simulations to take into account the C-shape of the magnet.

MOPS072

Broadband Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials for Accelerator Components

769

C. Zannini, A. Grudiev, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. De Michele
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
C. Zannini
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials up to high frequencies is a major requirement for the correct modeling of many accelerator components: collimators, kickers, high order modes damping devices for accelerating cavities. In this scenario, the coaxial line method has gained much importance compared to other methods because of its applicability in a wide range of frequencies. In this paper we describe a new coaxial line method that allows using only one measurement setup to characterize the material in a range of frequency from few MHz up to several GHz. A coaxial cable fed at one side is filled with the material under test and closed on a known load on the other side. The properties of the material are obtained from the measured reflection coefficient by using it as input for a transmission line (TL) model or for 3D EM simulations, which describe the measurements setup. We have applied this method to characterize samples of SiC (Silicon Carbide) which could be used for LHC collimators and for CLIC accelerating structures and NiZn ferrite used for kicker magnets.

MOPS078

Coaxial Wire Measurements of Ferrite Kicker Magnets

784

H.A. Day, R.M. Jones
UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom
M.J. Barnes, F. Caspers, H.A. Day, E. Métral, B. Salvant, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

Fast kicker magnets are used to inject beam into and eject beam out of the CERN accelerator rings. These kickers are generally transmission line type magnets with a rectangular shaped aperture through which the beam passes. Unless special precautions are taken the impedance of the yoke can provoke significant beam induced heating, especially for high intensities. In addition the impedance may contribute to beam instabilities. The results of longitudinal and transverse impedance measurements, for various kicker magnets, are presented and compared with analytical calculations: in addition predictions from a numerical analysis are discussed.

MOPS073

Impedance Calculation for Simple Models of Kickers in the Non-ultrarelativistic Regime

772

N. Biancacci, N. Mounet, E. Métral, B. Salvant, C. Zannini
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
N. Biancacci, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo
Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Q. Qin, N. Wang
IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China

Kicker magnets are usually significant contributors to the beam coupling impedance of particle accelerators. An accurate understanding of their impedance is required in order to correctly assess the machine intensity limitations. The field matching method derived by H. Tsutsui for the longitudinal and transverse dipolar (driving) impedance of simple models of kickers in the ultrarelativistic regime was already extended to the non-ultrarelativistic case, and to the quadrupolar (detuning) impedance in the ultrarelativistic case. This contribution presents the extension to the quadrupolar impedance in the non-ultrarelativistic case, as well as benchmarks with other available methods to compute the impedance. In particular, all the components of the impedances are benchmarked with Tsutsui's model, i.e. in the ultrarelativistic limit, with the model for a flat chamber impedance recently computed by N. Mounet and E. Métral, in the case of finite relativistic gamma, and with CST Particle Studio simulations.

MOPS072

Broadband Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials for Accelerator Components

769

C. Zannini, A. Grudiev, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
G. De Michele
PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
C. Zannini
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials up to high frequencies is a major requirement for the correct modeling of many accelerator components: collimators, kickers, high order modes damping devices for accelerating cavities. In this scenario, the coaxial line method has gained much importance compared to other methods because of its applicability in a wide range of frequencies. In this paper we describe a new coaxial line method that allows using only one measurement setup to characterize the material in a range of frequency from few MHz up to several GHz. A coaxial cable fed at one side is filled with the material under test and closed on a known load on the other side. The properties of the material are obtained from the measured reflection coefficient by using it as input for a transmission line (TL) model or for 3D EM simulations, which describe the measurements setup. We have applied this method to characterize samples of SiC (Silicon Carbide) which could be used for LHC collimators and for CLIC accelerating structures and NiZn ferrite used for kicker magnets.

TUPC011

Striplines for CLIC Pre-Damping and Damping Rings*

1012

C. Belver-Aguilar, A. Faus-Golfe
IFIC, Valencia, Spain
M.J. Barnes, G. Rumolo
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
F. Toral
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
C. Zannini
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study explores the scheme for an electron-positron collider with high luminosity and a nominal center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV: CLIC would complement LHC physics in the multi-TeV range. The CLIC design relies on the presence of Pre-Damping Rings (PDR) and Damping Rings (DR) to achieve, through synchrotron radiation, the very low emittance needed to fulfil the luminosity requirements. The specifications for the kicker systems are very challenging and include very low beam coupling impedance and excellent field homogeneity: striplines have been chosen for the kicker elements. Analytical calculations have been carried out to determine the effect of tapering upon the high frequency beam coupling impedance. In addition detailed numerical modeling of the field homogeneity has been performed and the sensitivity of the homogeneity to various parameters, including stripline cross-section, has been studied. This paper presents the main conclusions of the beam impedance calculations and field homogeneity predictions.

THOBA01

Electron Cloud Observations in LHC

2862

G. Rumolo, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, N. Biancacci, G. Bregliozzi, S.D. Claudet, R. De Maria, J. Esteban Muller, M. Favier, C. Hansen, W. Höfle, J.M. Jimenez, V. Kain, E. Koukovini, G. Lanza, K.S.B. Li, G.H.I. Maury Cuna, E. Métral, G. Papotti, T. Pieloni, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R.J. Steinhagen, L.J. Tavian, D. Valuch, W. Venturini Delsolaro, F. Zimmermann
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
C.M. Bhat
Fermilab, Batavia, USA
U. Iriso
CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
N. Mounet, C. Zannini
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Operation of LHC with bunch trains different spacings has revealed the formation of an electron cloud inside the machine. The main observations of electron cloud build-up are the pressure rise measured at the vacuum gauges in the warm regions, as well as the increase of the beam screen temperature in the cold regions due to an additional heat load. The effects of the electron cloud were also visible as a strong instability and emittance growth affecting the last bunches of longer trains, which could be improved running with higher chromaticity and/or larger transverse emittances. A summary of the 2010 and 2011 observations and measurements and a comparison with existing models will be presented. The efficiency of scrubbing and scrubbing strategies to improve the machine running performance will be also briefly discussed.

Slides THOBA01 [2.911 MB]

Paper	Title	Page
MOPS070	Electromagnetic Modeling of C Shape Ferrite Loaded Kickers	763
	C. Zannini EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland E. Métral, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, V.G. Vaccaro, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	The kickers are major contributors to the CERN SPS beam coupling impedance. As such, they may represent a limitation to increasing the SPS bunch current in the frame of an intensity upgrade of the LHC. In this paper, analytical approach and CST Particle Studio time domain electromagnetic simulations are performed to obtain the longitudinal and transverse impedances/wake potentials of models of ferrite loaded kickers. It turns out that the existing models are not sufficient to characterize correctly these components from the coupling impedance point of view. In particular the results show that below few hundred MHz the real C-structure of the magnet cannot be neglected. Therefore an analytical model was developed and benchmarked with EM simulations to take into account the C-shape of the magnet.

MOPS072	Broadband Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials for Accelerator Components	769
	C. Zannini, A. Grudiev, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. De Michele PSI, Villigen, Switzerland C. Zannini EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials up to high frequencies is a major requirement for the correct modeling of many accelerator components: collimators, kickers, high order modes damping devices for accelerating cavities. In this scenario, the coaxial line method has gained much importance compared to other methods because of its applicability in a wide range of frequencies. In this paper we describe a new coaxial line method that allows using only one measurement setup to characterize the material in a range of frequency from few MHz up to several GHz. A coaxial cable fed at one side is filled with the material under test and closed on a known load on the other side. The properties of the material are obtained from the measured reflection coefficient by using it as input for a transmission line (TL) model or for 3D EM simulations, which describe the measurements setup. We have applied this method to characterize samples of SiC (Silicon Carbide) which could be used for LHC collimators and for CLIC accelerating structures and NiZn ferrite used for kicker magnets.

MOPS078	Coaxial Wire Measurements of Ferrite Kicker Magnets	784
	H.A. Day, R.M. Jones UMAN, Manchester, United Kingdom M.J. Barnes, F. Caspers, H.A. Day, E. Métral, B. Salvant, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
	Fast kicker magnets are used to inject beam into and eject beam out of the CERN accelerator rings. These kickers are generally transmission line type magnets with a rectangular shaped aperture through which the beam passes. Unless special precautions are taken the impedance of the yoke can provoke significant beam induced heating, especially for high intensities. In addition the impedance may contribute to beam instabilities. The results of longitudinal and transverse impedance measurements, for various kicker magnets, are presented and compared with analytical calculations: in addition predictions from a numerical analysis are discussed.

MOPS073	Impedance Calculation for Simple Models of Kickers in the Non-ultrarelativistic Regime	772
	N. Biancacci, N. Mounet, E. Métral, B. Salvant, C. Zannini CERN, Geneva, Switzerland N. Biancacci, M. Migliorati, A. Mostacci, L. Palumbo Rome University La Sapienza, Roma, Italy Q. Qin, N. Wang IHEP Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	Kicker magnets are usually significant contributors to the beam coupling impedance of particle accelerators. An accurate understanding of their impedance is required in order to correctly assess the machine intensity limitations. The field matching method derived by H. Tsutsui for the longitudinal and transverse dipolar (driving) impedance of simple models of kickers in the ultrarelativistic regime was already extended to the non-ultrarelativistic case, and to the quadrupolar (detuning) impedance in the ultrarelativistic case. This contribution presents the extension to the quadrupolar impedance in the non-ultrarelativistic case, as well as benchmarks with other available methods to compute the impedance. In particular, all the components of the impedances are benchmarked with Tsutsui's model, i.e. in the ultrarelativistic limit, with the model for a flat chamber impedance recently computed by N. Mounet and E. Métral, in the case of finite relativistic gamma, and with CST Particle Studio simulations.

MOPS072	Broadband Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials for Accelerator Components	769
	C. Zannini, A. Grudiev, E. Métral, T. Pieloni, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland G. De Michele PSI, Villigen, Switzerland C. Zannini EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Electromagnetic (EM) characterization of materials up to high frequencies is a major requirement for the correct modeling of many accelerator components: collimators, kickers, high order modes damping devices for accelerating cavities. In this scenario, the coaxial line method has gained much importance compared to other methods because of its applicability in a wide range of frequencies. In this paper we describe a new coaxial line method that allows using only one measurement setup to characterize the material in a range of frequency from few MHz up to several GHz. A coaxial cable fed at one side is filled with the material under test and closed on a known load on the other side. The properties of the material are obtained from the measured reflection coefficient by using it as input for a transmission line (TL) model or for 3D EM simulations, which describe the measurements setup. We have applied this method to characterize samples of SiC (Silicon Carbide) which could be used for LHC collimators and for CLIC accelerating structures and NiZn ferrite used for kicker magnets.

TUPC011	Striplines for CLIC Pre-Damping and Damping Rings*	1012
	C. Belver-Aguilar, A. Faus-Golfe IFIC, Valencia, Spain M.J. Barnes, G. Rumolo CERN, Geneva, Switzerland F. Toral CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain C. Zannini EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) study explores the scheme for an electron-positron collider with high luminosity and a nominal center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV: CLIC would complement LHC physics in the multi-TeV range. The CLIC design relies on the presence of Pre-Damping Rings (PDR) and Damping Rings (DR) to achieve, through synchrotron radiation, the very low emittance needed to fulfil the luminosity requirements. The specifications for the kicker systems are very challenging and include very low beam coupling impedance and excellent field homogeneity: striplines have been chosen for the kicker elements. Analytical calculations have been carried out to determine the effect of tapering upon the high frequency beam coupling impedance. In addition detailed numerical modeling of the field homogeneity has been performed and the sensitivity of the homogeneity to various parameters, including stripline cross-section, has been studied. This paper presents the main conclusions of the beam impedance calculations and field homogeneity predictions.

THOBA01	Electron Cloud Observations in LHC	2862
	G. Rumolo, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, N. Biancacci, G. Bregliozzi, S.D. Claudet, R. De Maria, J. Esteban Muller, M. Favier, C. Hansen, W. Höfle, J.M. Jimenez, V. Kain, E. Koukovini, G. Lanza, K.S.B. Li, G.H.I. Maury Cuna, E. Métral, G. Papotti, T. Pieloni, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, E.N. Shaposhnikova, R.J. Steinhagen, L.J. Tavian, D. Valuch, W. Venturini Delsolaro, F. Zimmermann CERN, Geneva, Switzerland C.M. Bhat Fermilab, Batavia, USA U. Iriso CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain N. Mounet, C. Zannini EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Operation of LHC with bunch trains different spacings has revealed the formation of an electron cloud inside the machine. The main observations of electron cloud build-up are the pressure rise measured at the vacuum gauges in the warm regions, as well as the increase of the beam screen temperature in the cold regions due to an additional heat load. The effects of the electron cloud were also visible as a strong instability and emittance growth affecting the last bunches of longer trains, which could be improved running with higher chromaticity and/or larger transverse emittances. A summary of the 2010 and 2011 observations and measurements and a comparison with existing models will be presented. The efficiency of scrubbing and scrubbing strategies to improve the machine running performance will be also briefly discussed.
	Slides THOBA01 [2.911 MB]