ECRIS2024 - List of Authors (Feuchtwanger, J.)

Paper	Title	Page
MOD1	Development of deuterium-deuterium compact neutron source	23
	A. Pérez, I. Arredondo, J. Portilla, V. Etxebarria University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain A. Roldán, J. Praena UGR, Granada, Spain J. Feuchtwanger Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
	In the present work, we will present the status of the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron source that is being developed in collaboration between the University of Granada and the University of the Basque Country (Spain). Our neutron source consists of an ECR ion source which accelerates a deuteron beam towards a deuterated target. The ionization to achieve the deuterium plasma is achieved by radiating the cylindrical ERC plasma chamber with a magnetron 2.45 GHz signal and an 875 G magnetic field generated by 6 NdFeB magnets located around the plasma chamber. Moreover, a cylindrical alumina RF window is used to keep the vacuum status from the ambient pressure condition inside the WR340 and helping the plasma to ignite. Once the plasma is generated, the deuterons are extracted from the plasma chamber using a Pierce electrode geometry and three other electrostatic lenses, fixed to different negative potentials. The beam is accelerated towards copper target disk with a deuterated titanium mesh fixed to -100 kV which generates the desired neutron radiation. There are several applications of D-D neutron sources across scientific and industrial domains. In case of University of Granada and its deep relation with IFMIF-DONES neutron source, it is worthy to mention that we plan to carry out experiments for determining the cross-sections of relevant isotopes in the studies of IFMIF-DONES to a better simulation of the behaviour of such material under high neutron flux irradiation.
	Slides MOD1 [9.890 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD1
About •	Received ※ 14 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 21 June 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP08	Automatic classification of plasma states in an ECR-type ion source	45
	A. Fernández-Rua, I. Arredondo, R. Justo, P. Usabiaga, J. Feuchtwanger University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain J. Feuchtwanger Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
	In this paper we present the methodology used to acquire the data needed to obtain and train a neural network that will be used in an ECR source to infer the state of the plasma. All the data is the combination of the control signals and a set of non-intrusive measurements that can be accessed during normal operation. For this purpose, machine learning techniques are explored. First, a set of characterisation experiments are carried out in which the state of the plasma is detected for different operating conditions that are fed to a clustering algorithm. Second, a supervised learning paradigm is adopted to train a neural network that is capable of determining the state of the plasma at different working states. The variables that are controlled are: the input RF power and gas flow, the non-intrusive measurements that are acquired are: transmitted and reflected RF power and a ccd camera is used to measure the relative luminosity of the plasma. Based on these variables the state of the plasma is determined. This methodology has been applied to the low-power ECR source in which low-density hydrogen plasmas are generated at the IZPILab laboratory of the University of the Basque Country.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP08
About •	Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 07 February 2025 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2025 — Issued ※ 25 March 2025
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP09	Characterization of an proton ECR ion source for low beam current	112
	P. Usabiaga, I. Arredondo, J. Feuchtwanger University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain I. Ariz, J.M. Seara Eizaguirre Fundación TEKNIKER, Ebar (Gipuzkoa), Spain J. Feuchtwanger Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain J. Portilla, J. Vivas, V. Etxebarria University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
	Funding: Basque Government, Department of Industry, Elkartek KK-2022/00026 + Basque Government, Department of Education, IT1533-22 In this paper we analyze the behavior of a low beam current proton ECR ion source for linac. During the operation of the source, as a function of the operating parameters we have observed a complex behavior. The state of the plasma is highly dependent on the input parameters, and in some cases even bi-stable conditions can be achieved showing abrupt changes in the state. To try to understand this behavior we carried out a series of experiments varying the input parameters both sequentially and randomly to avoid following the same path every time. Thanks to these experiments we have been able to observe the change in the luminosity of the plasma, which is an indirect measure of the degree of ionization in the plasma, along with the changes in reflected and transmitted RF power delivered to the source. We also characterized the relation between the outside temperature of the ion source chamber walls and the plasma. In addition to this we have analyzed the resulting extracted ion beam using a pepperpot and a faraday cup. We have observed that our beam doesn’t have one dominant species and has three species that are found in comparable quantities.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP09
About •	Received ※ 31 August 2024 — Revised ※ 13 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 September 2024 — Issued ※ 29 December 2024
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Development of deuterium-deuterium compact neutron source

23

A. Pérez, I. Arredondo, J. Portilla, V. Etxebarria
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain
A. Roldán, J. Praena
UGR, Granada, Spain
J. Feuchtwanger
Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain

In the present work, we will present the status of the deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron source that is being developed in collaboration between the University of Granada and the University of the Basque Country (Spain). Our neutron source consists of an ECR ion source which accelerates a deuteron beam towards a deuterated target. The ionization to achieve the deuterium plasma is achieved by radiating the cylindrical ERC plasma chamber with a magnetron 2.45 GHz signal and an 875 G magnetic field generated by 6 NdFeB magnets located around the plasma chamber. Moreover, a cylindrical alumina RF window is used to keep the vacuum status from the ambient pressure condition inside the WR340 and helping the plasma to ignite. Once the plasma is generated, the deuterons are extracted from the plasma chamber using a Pierce electrode geometry and three other electrostatic lenses, fixed to different negative potentials. The beam is accelerated towards copper target disk with a deuterated titanium mesh fixed to -100 kV which generates the desired neutron radiation. There are several applications of D-D neutron sources across scientific and industrial domains. In case of University of Granada and its deep relation with IFMIF-DONES neutron source, it is worthy to mention that we plan to carry out experiments for determining the cross-sections of relevant isotopes in the studies of IFMIF-DONES to a better simulation of the behaviour of such material under high neutron flux irradiation.

Slides MOD1 [9.890 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOD1

About •

Received ※ 14 September 2024 — Revised ※ 17 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 29 January 2025 — Issued ※ 21 June 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOP08

Automatic classification of plasma states in an ECR-type ion source

45

A. Fernández-Rua, I. Arredondo, R. Justo, P. Usabiaga, J. Feuchtwanger
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
J. Feuchtwanger
Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain

In this paper we present the methodology used to acquire the data needed to obtain and train a neural network that will be used in an ECR source to infer the state of the plasma. All the data is the combination of the control signals and a set of non-intrusive measurements that can be accessed during normal operation. For this purpose, machine learning techniques are explored. First, a set of characterisation experiments are carried out in which the state of the plasma is detected for different operating conditions that are fed to a clustering algorithm. Second, a supervised learning paradigm is adopted to train a neural network that is capable of determining the state of the plasma at different working states. The variables that are controlled are: the input RF power and gas flow, the non-intrusive measurements that are acquired are: transmitted and reflected RF power and a ccd camera is used to measure the relative luminosity of the plasma. Based on these variables the state of the plasma is determined. This methodology has been applied to the low-power ECR source in which low-density hydrogen plasmas are generated at the IZPILab laboratory of the University of the Basque Country.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-MOP08

About •

Received ※ 13 September 2024 — Revised ※ 07 February 2025 — Accepted ※ 28 February 2025 — Issued ※ 25 March 2025

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUP09

Characterization of an proton ECR ion source for low beam current

112

P. Usabiaga, I. Arredondo, J. Feuchtwanger
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
I. Ariz, J.M. Seara Eizaguirre
Fundación TEKNIKER, Ebar (Gipuzkoa), Spain
J. Feuchtwanger
Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
J. Portilla, J. Vivas, V. Etxebarria
University of the Basque Country, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bilbao, Spain

Funding: Basque Government, Department of Industry, Elkartek KK-2022/00026 + Basque Government, Department of Education, IT1533-22
In this paper we analyze the behavior of a low beam current proton ECR ion source for linac. During the operation of the source, as a function of the operating parameters we have observed a complex behavior. The state of the plasma is highly dependent on the input parameters, and in some cases even bi-stable conditions can be achieved showing abrupt changes in the state. To try to understand this behavior we carried out a series of experiments varying the input parameters both sequentially and randomly to avoid following the same path every time. Thanks to these experiments we have been able to observe the change in the luminosity of the plasma, which is an indirect measure of the degree of ionization in the plasma, along with the changes in reflected and transmitted RF power delivered to the source. We also characterized the relation between the outside temperature of the ion source chamber walls and the plasma. In addition to this we have analyzed the resulting extracted ion beam using a pepperpot and a faraday cup. We have observed that our beam doesn’t have one dominant species and has three species that are found in comparable quantities.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ECRIS2024-TUP09

About •

Received ※ 31 August 2024 — Revised ※ 13 September 2024 — Accepted ※ 19 September 2024 — Issued ※ 29 December 2024

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)