| Paper | Title | Page |
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| TUPP102 | Beam Transport with Scattering Using SRIM Supporting Software Routines Code | 1767 |
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In many situations a particle beam is transported through matter-containing components separated by ion-optical elements. The matter-containing components scatter the beam and alter its emittance diagram. In order to include accurately the scattering in beam-transport a special beam-transport module was included in the SRIM Supporting Software Modules package (S3M)*. It uses transfer-matrix formalism in ion-optical elements. At the entry to a scattering element a beam-generation routine converts the actual σ-matrix into an ensemble of particles and writes a special SRIM input-file. The beam-transport in the scattering element is then calculated by SRIM MC particle tracking. At the exit of the scattering element, the module imports back the SRIM output data and can either continue with transfer-matrix transformations or generate a modified σ-matrix that can be used by other ion-optical programs. It means the beam transport with scattering can either be fully calculated by S3M, or data exchange between S3M and ion-optical programs can be provided. S3M beam-transport module is described in the paper with some typical application examples.
*M. Pavlovic, I. Strasik. Supporting Routines for the SRIM code, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 257 (2007) 601-604. |
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| TUPP126 | Advanced Concepts for Particle-therapy Accelerators | 1821 |
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| Presently in Europe the first generation of particle-therapy accelerators is on the way from construction into operation. Each layout typically consists of two ion sources, a single injection line, a main synchrotron and beam transfer lines to several treatment rooms, one of them equipped with or foreseen for an ion gantry. The paper presents some possible enhancements for the next facility generation still based on existing layouts and design studies. The focus lies on an improved injection line and gantry concepts. A simplified injection line using a different configuration of ion sources and low-energy beam-transport line is described. It is based on combination of particle species with identical charge-to-mass ratio. Optimized gantry constructions are shown with mechanical designs driven by ion-optical demands, especially by the accuracy of the beam position at the isocentre. The enhancements presented in the paper may influence upgrades of existing centres or may be implemented in the design of newly developed next generation of particle- therapy accelerators. | ||
| THPP082 | Residual Activity Induced by High-energy Heavy Ions in Stainless Steel and Copper | 3551 |
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| The activation of accelerator structures due to beam loss is already intensity limiting problem for existing (SNS or RHIC) and planned (LHC or FAIR) hadron facilities. While beam-losses of 1 W/m are recognized as a tolerable beam-loss level for proton machines, the beam-loss tolerances for high-power heavy-ion accelerators have not yet been quantified. In this work the residual activity was calculated by Monte-Carlo particle transport codes and compared with experimental data. Simulations were performed for projectiles from proton to uranium. Experiments were performed with uranium ions at 120, 500 and 950 MeV/u irradiating copper and stainless steel targets. It was found that the isotope inventory contributing over 90% to the total activity does not depend on the projectile species, it depends only on the target material and projectile energy. This allowed establishing a scaling law for induced activity as a function of ion mass. The activity per nucleon induced by ion scales down with increasing ion mass. For example, 1 GeV/u uranium ion induces 5-times less activity per nucleon compared to 1 GeV proton. The beam-loss criteria for different projectile species are presented. |