Paper | Title | Page |
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TUPC019 | A Retarding Field Detector to Measure the Actual Energy of Electrons Participating in E-cloud Formation in Accelerators | 1086 |
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Electron cloud related phenomena can cause potentially detrimental effects on beam stability in many planned and under construction accelerators. The possibility to reduce such unwanted phenomena lies on the observation that, machine commissioning does reduce Secondary Electron Yield (SEY). Such SEY reduction (scrubbing) is due to the fact that electrons produced during e-cloud formation hit the accelerator wall, modifying their surface properties. Scrubbing has been studied only as a function of impinging electron dose but never as a function of the e-cloud electron energy. Simulations predict that the e-cloud is formed by electrons with very low energies (<50 eV). Given the potentially lower scrubbing efficiency for equal dose of very low energy electrons compared to medium energy one, it would be important to measure the actual energy of the electrons forming the cloud in real accelerators. For this reason we decided to construct an optimized retarding Field energy electrometer to be installed in accelerators. Here we will describe what solutions have been adopted during the design phase of such home made detector and some laboratory test will be showed and discussed. | ||
TUPP027 | Electron Energy Dependence of Scrubbing Efficiency to Mitigate E-cloud Formation in Accelerators | 1592 |
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Recently built and planned accelerators, base their ability to reach design parameters, on the capability to reduce Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) during commissioning, hence mitigating the potentially detrimental effects of e-cloud driven machine limitations. This SEY reduction (called "scrubbing"), is due to the fact that the electrons of the cloud, hit the vacuum chamber wall, modifying its surface properties and reducing its SEY. This minimise any disturbing effects of the e-cloud to the beam. "Scrubbing" has been studied only as a function of impinging electron dose. In reality SEY modifications are only studied by bombarding surfaces with 300-500 eV electrons, but no scrubbing dependence on the bombarding electron energy has ever been discussed. The actual energy of the electrons of the cloud hitting the wall in real accelerators has never been measured accurately, while simulations predict very low electron energies (<50 eV). For this reason and given the peculiar behaviour observed for low energy electrons*, we decided to study this dependence accurately. Here we present some preliminary results discussing eventual implications to machine commissioning procedures.
*R. Cimino et al. Phys. Rev. Lett 93, 14801 (2004). |
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TUPP031 | Electron Cloud Simulations for DAΦNE | 1604 |
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After the first experimental observations compatible with the presence of the electron cloud effect in the DAΦNE positron ring, a systematic study has been performed regarding the electron cloud build-up. To assess the effects of the electron cloud, simulations of the cloud build up were carried out using ECLOUD. In particular, we discuss modifications to the secondary emission model, build up for various filling patterns and different wiggler magnetic field models. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental observations. | ||
TUPP036 | "Scrubbing" Process of Cu Surfaces Induced by Electron Bombardment | 1619 |
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Energy distribution curves of electrons emitted from accelerator used metal surfaces have been measured for electron irradiation with a primary energy from 20 to 400 eV. We separated the contributions of reflected, rediffused and true-secondary electrons out from the spectra and observed significant differences in their incidence angle dependence. These results provide crucial information on the electron cloud formation in particle accelerators and may shed light on the involved physical mechanisms | ||
WEPC103 | Design of a Cold Vacuum Chamber for Diagnostics | 2240 |
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Preliminary studies performed with the cold bore superconducting undulator installed in the ANKA storage ring suggest that the beam heat load is mainly due to the electron wall bombardment. Low energy electrons (few eV) are accelerated by the electric field of the beam to the wall of the vacuum chamber, induce non-thermal outgassing from the cryogenic surface and heat the undulator. In this contribution we report on the design of a cold vacuum chamber for diagnostics to be installed in the ANKA (ANgstrom source KArlsruhe) storage ring and possibly in third generation light sources. The diagnostics implemented are:
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