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The ETOILE project is the French program for carbon ion beams in cancer treatment. It is now in the final phase. However its development is not only aiming at the building of a medical facility, around the project a broad set of medical and scientific programs have been initiated. The project has been supported by the University of Lyon and extended to the Rhône-Alpes Region and then gained a national visibility with governmental recognition. Many studies have been financed by ETOILE: in beam PET with new solutions, organ motion modelization, tumor cell radioresistance, medico-economical simulation and epidemiological previsions. The facility will be able to produce carbon ion beams and protons. Three treatment rooms are planned, two with horizontal beams and one with an isocentric gantry. The facility will be build in Lyon, through a process using as much as possible well established technology with the other facilities in Europe. The cost will be around 105 M€ afforded by loans and subventions. The subventions are funded from the Rhône-Alpes Region, the city of Lyon and the ministries of Health and Research. The running cost of the centre, for one thousand patients per year, is estimated to be 21 M€.
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