LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
The feedback control of intrabunch instabilities driven by E-Clouds or strong head-tail coupling (TMCI) requires sufficient bandwidth to sense the vertical position and drive multiple sections of a nanosecond scale bunch. These requirements impose challenges and limits in the design and implementation of the feedback system. This paper presents models for the feedback subsystems: receiver, processing channel, amplifier and kicker, that take into account their frequency response and limits. These models are included in multiparticle simulation codes (WARP/CMAD/Head-Tail) and reduced mathematical models of the bunch dynamics to evaluate the impact of subsystem limitations in the bunch stabilization and emittance improvement. With this realistic model of the hardware, it is possible to analyze and design the feedback system. This research is crucial to evaluate the performance boundary of the feedback control system due to cost and technological limitations. These models define the impact of spurious perturbations, noise and parameter variations or mismatching in the performance of the feedback system. The models are validated with simulation codes and measurements of lab prototypes.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
High charge-state heavy-ion beams are of interest and used for a number of accelerator applications. Some accelerators produce the beams downstream of the ion source by stripping bound electrons from the ions as they pass through a foil or gas. In other accelerator systems, ions of charge state >1 are produced directly in the ion source. Heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF) would benefit from low-emittance, high current ion beams with charge state >1. For these accelerators, the desired dimensionless perveance upon extraction from the emitter is ~0.001, and the electrical current of the beam pulse is ~ 1 A. For accelerator applications where high charge state and very high current are desired, space charge effects might present unique challenges. For example, in a stripper, the separation of charge states might create significant nonlinear space-charge forces which would impact the beam brightness. We will report on the particle-in-cell simulation of the formation of such beams for HIF, and review the possible technical approaches.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
Transverse Single-Bunch Instabilities due to Electron Cloud effect are limiting the operation at high current of the SPS at CERN. Recently a high-bandwidth Feedback System has been proposed as a possible solution to stabilize the beam and is currently under study. We analyze the dynamics of the bunch actively damped with a simple model of the Feedback in the macro-particle code WARP, in order to investigate the limitations of the System such as the minimum amount of power required to maintain stability. We discuss the feedback model, report on simulation results and present our plans for further development of the numerical model.
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Electron clouds impose limitations on current accelerators that may be more severe for future machines, unless adequate measures of mitigation are taken. It has been proposed recently to use feedback systems operating in the GHz range to damp single-bunch transverse coherent electron cloud driven instabilities that may occur in relatively long, ns scale, proton bunches such as those in the CERN SPS. The simulation package WARP-POSINST was recently upgraded for handling multiple bunches and modeling concurrently the electron cloud buildup and its effect on the beam, allowing for direct self-consistent simulation of bunch trains generating, and interacting with, electron clouds. We have used the WARP-POSINST package on massively parallel supercomputers to study the growth rate and frequency patterns in space-time of the electron cloud driven transverse instability for a proton bunch train in the CERN SPS accelerator with, or without, feedback models (with various levels of idealization) for damping the instability. We will present our latest simulation results, contrast them with actual measurements and discuss the implications for the design of the actual feedback system.
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
PPPL, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
UMD, College Park, Maryland, USA
Intense heavy-ion beams have long been considered a promising driver option for inertial-fusion energy production. This paper briefly compares inertial confinement fusion (ICF) to the more-familiar magnetic- confinement approach and presents some advantages of using beams of heavy ions to drive ICF instead of lasers. Key design choices in heavy-ion fusion (HIF) facilities are discussed, particularly the type of accelerator. We then review experiments carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) over the past thirty years to understand various aspects of HIF driver physics. A brief review follows of present HIF research in the US and abroad, focusing on a new facility, NDCX-II, being built at LBNL to study the physics of warm dense matter heated by ions, as well as aspects of HIF target physics. Future research directions are briefly summarized.
