• R. Denz, K. Dahlerup-Petersen, F. Formenti, K.H. Meß, A.P. Siemko, J. Steckert, L. Walckiers
  CERN, Geneva
• J. Strait
  Fermilab, Batavia

Prior to the re-start of the Large Hadron Collider LHC in 2009 the protection system for superconducting magnets and bus bars QPS will be submitted to a substantial upgrade. The foreseen modifications will enhance the capability of the system in detecting problems related to the electrical interconnections between superconducting magnets as well as the detection of so-called symmetric quenches in the LHC main magnets. The paper will describe the design and implementation of the new protection layers and report as well on the commissioning of the system and first operational results.

• F. Zimmermann, F. Bordry, H.-H. Braun, O.S. Brüning, H. Burkhardt, A.L. Eide, R. Garoby, B.J. Holzer, J.M. Jowett, T.P.R. Linnecar, K.H. Meß, J.A. Osborne, L. Rinolfi, D. Schulte, R. Tomás, J. Tuckmantel, A. Vivoli, A. de Roeck
  CERN, Geneva
• H. Aksakal
  N.U, Nigde
• S. Chattopadhyay, J.B. Dainton
  Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire
• A.K. Çiftçi
  Ankara University, Faculty of Sciences, Tandogan/Ankara
• M. Klein
  The University of Liverpool, Liverpool
• T. Omori, J. Urakawa
  KEK, Ibaraki
• S. Sultansoy
  TOBB ETU, Ankara
• F.J. Willeke
  BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York

Sub-atomic physics at the energy frontier probes the structure of the fundamental quanta of the Universe. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN opens for the first time the “terascale” (TeV energy scale) to experimental scrutiny, exposing the physics of the Universe at the sub-attometric (~10^-19 m, 10^-10 as) scale. The LHC will also take the science of nuclear matter to hitherto unparalleled energy densities (low-x physics). The hadron beams, protons or ions, in the LHC underpin this horizon, and also offer new experimental possibilities at this energy scale. A Large Hadron electron Collider, LHeC, in which an electron (positron) beam of energy (70 to 140 GeV) is in collision with one of the LHC hadron beams, makes possible terascale lepton-hadron physics. The LHeC is presently being evaluated in the form of two options, “ring-ring” and “linac-ring”, either of which operate simultaneously with pp or ion-ion collisions in other LHC interaction regions. Each option takes advantage of recent advances in radio-frequency, in linear acceleration, and in other associated technologies, to achieve ep luminosity as large as 10³³ cm^-2s^-1.

Slides