IPAC2014 - Classification: 07 Accelerator Technology Main Systems / T13 Cryogenics

Paper	Title	Page
WEPRI036	Fabrication Design of QWR and HWR Cryomodules	2555
	W.K. Kim, H. Kim, H.J. Kim, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	The superconducting linac of RAON consists of five types of cryomodules. The cryomodules host QWR, HWR1, HWR2, SSR1, and SSR2 superconducting cavities. The cryomodules will be operated at 2K in order to test the performance of the superconducting cavities. The design of the cryomodule components is based on thermal shield to prevent incoming heat, two-phase pipe to supply superfluid helium, vacuum vessel for the formation of the internal vacuum, supporter parts for alignment and keeping structure, and magnetic shield to prevent external magnetic field. The detailed fabrication design of the cryomodules will be presented in this paper.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI036
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WEPRI105	Preliminary Design of Cooling System for a PrFeB-based Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator Prototype at IHEP	2743
SUSPSNE100	use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code
	Y.C. Zhang, S.P. Li, H.H. Lu, S.C. Sun, Y.F. Yang IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China
	A circulation cooling system is under progress for a 2-m-long PrFeB-based cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) prototype at IHEP. Sub-cooled liquid nitrogen flows through each in-vacuum girder back and forth once. Refrigerant channels for both girders are parallel connected in vacuum chamber. Numerical simulation shows that the cooling system is able to cool down magnet array from 300 K to 83 K. Meanwhile, phase error increases about 0.1 degree.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI105
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WEPRI106	Design of Cryomoudles for RAON	2746
	Y. Kim, C. Choi, H.M. Jang, Y.W. Jo, H.J. Kim, W.K. Kim, M. Lee IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	The accelerator will be built in Korea called RAON has four kinds of superconducting cavities such as QWR, HWR1, SSR1 and SSR2, and those cavities are operating in 2 K. The fabrication design for the SSR1 and SSR2 cryomodules are reported in this paper. The issues included in the paper are thermal and structural analysis results for the components such thermal shield, support post, two phase pipe, and so on.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI106
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WEPRI107	Fundamental Thermal Analysis for Cryogenic System Design	2749
	H. Kim, D. Jeon, W.K. Kim, G.-T. Park, I. Shin, J.H. Shin, S.W. Yoon IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	Non-uniform temperature distribution, surface roughness, and superfluid helium level change between 2K dewar and cryomodule are most important thermal analyses in designing cryogenic system. Effective temperature for non-uniform temperature distribution is defined. Thermal radiation property from surface roughness which is related to fractional dimension is investigated. Superfluid helium level change between 2K dewar and cryomodule is shown as a function of temperature difference. Our research can be useful thermal analyses for cryogenic system design.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI107
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WEPRI108	Liquid Helium Technologies at Cryogenic Complex of the Heavy Ion Collider NICA	2752
	Iu.A. Mitrofanova, N.N. Agapov, N. Emelianov, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, D. Nikiforov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia R. Herzog, A. Kade, J. Klier ILK Dresden, Dresden, Germany
	NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility), presently under construction at JINR, will be, upon its completion, among the most advanced research instruments of the physics community. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to uranium (gold at the beginning stage) with a centre of mass energy up to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 10²⁷ cm^-2 s⁻¹. The NICA cryogenics includes a large number of technical ideas and solutions never used before. The most significant of these solutions are the fast cycling superconducting magnets, cooling by the two-phase helium flow, an unusually short period of time for cool down till the operating temperature, parallel connection of cooling channels of the magnets, «wet» turbo expanders, screw compressors with the outlet pressure of more than 25 bars and jet pumps for liquid helium. These technical solutions allow one to construct an efficient and reliable cryogenic system of the NICA complex.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI108
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WEPRI109	The ESS Cryogenic System	2756
	P. Arnold, J. Fydrych, W. Hees, J.M. Jurns, X. Wang, J.G. Weisend ESS, Lund, Sweden
	Cryogenic cooling is vital for large sections at ESS. The ESS cryogenic system comprises three separate helium refrigeration/liquefaction plants and an extensive cryodistribution system. Mainly there is a 2.0 GeV proton linac using superconducting RF cavities operating at 2 K. In addition to cooling the SRF cavities, cryogenics is also used for the cold hydrogen moderator surrounding the target. There is also a cryogenic installation associated with the site acceptance testing of the ESS cryomodules. ESS furthermore uses both liquid helium and liquid nitrogen in a number of the neutron instruments. The test stand cryoplant will as well provide liquid helium for neutron instrument sample environments and comprise a helium purification unit. Together with the gas management, helium recovery and a considerable cold and warm storage system, cryogenics form a substantial part of ESS. This paper describes the current conceptual design of the ESS cryogenic system including the expected heat loads and operating modes for the linac cryoplant. Challenges associated with the required high efficiency, reliability and turn-down capability will be discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI109
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WEPRI110	The HNOSS Horizontal Cryostat and the Helium Liquefaction Plant at FREIA	2759
	R. Santiago Kern, T.J.C. Ekelöf, K.J. Gajewski, L. Hermansson, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden P. Bujard, N.R. Chevalier, T. Junquera, J.P. Thermeau Accelerators and Cryogenic Systems, Orsay, France
	A horizontal cryostat to test superconducting cavities and magnets at liquid helium temperatures is installed at FREIA (Facility for REsearch Instrumentation and Accelerator development) at Uppsala University, Sweden. The cryostat allows full testing of superconducting spoke and elliptical accelerating cavities without the need of a specialized cryomodule per cavity. Because horizontal cryostats are custom-built, their number in the accelerator world is very limited. The FREIA horizontal cryostat is one of a kind as it has been designed to be versatile: it is able to house either two ESS double-spoke, or two ESS/TESLA type elliptical cavities, or superconducting magnets or a combination of these with all the ancillary equipment (power couplers, tuners, etc) and test them at the same time, reducing installation time but requiring extra design effort and cryogens supply. In order to achieve this, a helium liquefier with a capacity of 140 l/h delivers liquid helium to the horizontal cryostat while the return gases are directed towards a recovery system, connected in closed loop with the liquefier.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI110
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WEPRI111	Investigation of Moisture Contamination in the Cryogenic System at NSRRC	2762
	F. Z. Hsiao, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, H.C. Li, T.F. Lin, C.P. Liu, H.H. Tsai NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
	In NSRRC the helium cryogenic plant began its normal operation in year 2002. Several events of moisture contamination forced the cryogenic plant to cease operation because the cooling performance degraded evidently. After long-term observation we found, through internal inspection of the helium gas buffer tank, maintenance of the compressor station, and warming the superconductive magnet, that moisture contamination occurred. This paper presents the effect of those conditions on the moisture contamination. The solution to decrease the moisture contamination is demonstrated here.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI111
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WEPRI113	Operation of SLRI Cryogenic System for a 6.5 T Superconducting Wavelength Shifter	2765
	S. Srichan, Ch. Dhammatong, P. Klysubun, V. Sooksrimuang, K. Takkrathoke, A. Tong-on SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
	The cryogenic plant at Synchrotron Light Research Institute was designed to be used as the main liquid helium supply for a superconducting wavelength shifter, in order to generate high-energy X-rays from the relatively low-energy 1.2 GeV Siam Photon Source storage ring. The plant was installed and successfully commissioned in the year 2009. During the past three years since commissioning, the cryogenic system had been in operation to perform helium liquefaction without a superconducting magnet. Since the installation of a 6.5 T SWLS in September 2013, the cryogenic system has begun its operation with a full-time load. In this work, the first operation of the cryogenic system with a superconducting insertion device is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI113
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Paper

Title

Page

Fabrication Design of QWR and HWR Cryomodules

2555

W.K. Kim, H. Kim, H.J. Kim, Y. Kim, M. Lee, G.-T. Park
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The superconducting linac of RAON consists of five types of cryomodules. The cryomodules host QWR, HWR1, HWR2, SSR1, and SSR2 superconducting cavities. The cryomodules will be operated at 2K in order to test the performance of the superconducting cavities. The design of the cryomodule components is based on thermal shield to prevent incoming heat, two-phase pipe to supply superfluid helium, vacuum vessel for the formation of the internal vacuum, supporter parts for alignment and keeping structure, and magnetic shield to prevent external magnetic field. The detailed fabrication design of the cryomodules will be presented in this paper.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI036

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI105

Preliminary Design of Cooling System for a PrFeB-based Cryogenic Permanent Magnet Undulator Prototype at IHEP

2743

SUSPSNE100

use link to see paper's listing under its alternate paper code

Y.C. Zhang, S.P. Li, H.H. Lu, S.C. Sun, Y.F. Yang
IHEP, Beijing, People's Republic of China

A circulation cooling system is under progress for a 2-m-long PrFeB-based cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU) prototype at IHEP. Sub-cooled liquid nitrogen flows through each in-vacuum girder back and forth once. Refrigerant channels for both girders are parallel connected in vacuum chamber. Numerical simulation shows that the cooling system is able to cool down magnet array from 300 K to 83 K. Meanwhile, phase error increases about 0.1 degree.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI105

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI106

Design of Cryomoudles for RAON

2746

Y. Kim, C. Choi, H.M. Jang, Y.W. Jo, H.J. Kim, W.K. Kim, M. Lee
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

The accelerator will be built in Korea called RAON has four kinds of superconducting cavities such as QWR, HWR1, SSR1 and SSR2, and those cavities are operating in 2 K. The fabrication design for the SSR1 and SSR2 cryomodules are reported in this paper. The issues included in the paper are thermal and structural analysis results for the components such thermal shield, support post, two phase pipe, and so on.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI106

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI107

Fundamental Thermal Analysis for Cryogenic System Design

2749

H. Kim, D. Jeon, W.K. Kim, G.-T. Park, I. Shin, J.H. Shin, S.W. Yoon
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Non-uniform temperature distribution, surface roughness, and superfluid helium level change between 2K dewar and cryomodule are most important thermal analyses in designing cryogenic system. Effective temperature for non-uniform temperature distribution is defined. Thermal radiation property from surface roughness which is related to fractional dimension is investigated. Superfluid helium level change between 2K dewar and cryomodule is shown as a function of temperature difference. Our research can be useful thermal analyses for cryogenic system design.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI107

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI108

Liquid Helium Technologies at Cryogenic Complex of the Heavy Ion Collider NICA

2752

Iu.A. Mitrofanova, N.N. Agapov, N. Emelianov, H.G. Khodzhibagiyan, D. Nikiforov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
R. Herzog, A. Kade, J. Klier
ILK Dresden, Dresden, Germany

NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility), presently under construction at JINR, will be, upon its completion, among the most advanced research instruments of the physics community. The facility is aimed at providing collider experiments with heavy ions up to uranium (gold at the beginning stage) with a centre of mass energy up to 11 GeV/u and an average luminosity up to 10²⁷ cm^-2 s⁻¹. The NICA cryogenics includes a large number of technical ideas and solutions never used before. The most significant of these solutions are the fast cycling superconducting magnets, cooling by the two-phase helium flow, an unusually short period of time for cool down till the operating temperature, parallel connection of cooling channels of the magnets, «wet» turbo expanders, screw compressors with the outlet pressure of more than 25 bars and jet pumps for liquid helium. These technical solutions allow one to construct an efficient and reliable cryogenic system of the NICA complex.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI108

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI109

The ESS Cryogenic System

2756

P. Arnold, J. Fydrych, W. Hees, J.M. Jurns, X. Wang, J.G. Weisend
ESS, Lund, Sweden

Cryogenic cooling is vital for large sections at ESS. The ESS cryogenic system comprises three separate helium refrigeration/liquefaction plants and an extensive cryodistribution system. Mainly there is a 2.0 GeV proton linac using superconducting RF cavities operating at 2 K. In addition to cooling the SRF cavities, cryogenics is also used for the cold hydrogen moderator surrounding the target. There is also a cryogenic installation associated with the site acceptance testing of the ESS cryomodules. ESS furthermore uses both liquid helium and liquid nitrogen in a number of the neutron instruments. The test stand cryoplant will as well provide liquid helium for neutron instrument sample environments and comprise a helium purification unit. Together with the gas management, helium recovery and a considerable cold and warm storage system, cryogenics form a substantial part of ESS. This paper describes the current conceptual design of the ESS cryogenic system including the expected heat loads and operating modes for the linac cryoplant. Challenges associated with the required high efficiency, reliability and turn-down capability will be discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI109

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI110

The HNOSS Horizontal Cryostat and the Helium Liquefaction Plant at FREIA

2759

R. Santiago Kern, T.J.C. Ekelöf, K.J. Gajewski, L. Hermansson, R.J.M.Y. Ruber, V.G. Ziemann
Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
P. Bujard, N.R. Chevalier, T. Junquera, J.P. Thermeau
Accelerators and Cryogenic Systems, Orsay, France

A horizontal cryostat to test superconducting cavities and magnets at liquid helium temperatures is installed at FREIA (Facility for REsearch Instrumentation and Accelerator development) at Uppsala University, Sweden. The cryostat allows full testing of superconducting spoke and elliptical accelerating cavities without the need of a specialized cryomodule per cavity. Because horizontal cryostats are custom-built, their number in the accelerator world is very limited. The FREIA horizontal cryostat is one of a kind as it has been designed to be versatile: it is able to house either two ESS double-spoke, or two ESS/TESLA type elliptical cavities, or superconducting magnets or a combination of these with all the ancillary equipment (power couplers, tuners, etc) and test them at the same time, reducing installation time but requiring extra design effort and cryogens supply. In order to achieve this, a helium liquefier with a capacity of 140 l/h delivers liquid helium to the horizontal cryostat while the return gases are directed towards a recovery system, connected in closed loop with the liquefier.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI110

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI111

Investigation of Moisture Contamination in the Cryogenic System at NSRRC

2762

F. Z. Hsiao, S.-H. Chang, W.-S. Chiou, H.C. Li, T.F. Lin, C.P. Liu, H.H. Tsai
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan

In NSRRC the helium cryogenic plant began its normal operation in year 2002. Several events of moisture contamination forced the cryogenic plant to cease operation because the cooling performance degraded evidently. After long-term observation we found, through internal inspection of the helium gas buffer tank, maintenance of the compressor station, and warming the superconductive magnet, that moisture contamination occurred. This paper presents the effect of those conditions on the moisture contamination. The solution to decrease the moisture contamination is demonstrated here.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI111

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEPRI113

Operation of SLRI Cryogenic System for a 6.5 T Superconducting Wavelength Shifter

2765

S. Srichan, Ch. Dhammatong, P. Klysubun, V. Sooksrimuang, K. Takkrathoke, A. Tong-on
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

The cryogenic plant at Synchrotron Light Research Institute was designed to be used as the main liquid helium supply for a superconducting wavelength shifter, in order to generate high-energy X-rays from the relatively low-energy 1.2 GeV Siam Photon Source storage ring. The plant was installed and successfully commissioned in the year 2009. During the past three years since commissioning, the cryogenic system had been in operation to perform helium liquefaction without a superconducting magnet. Since the installation of a 6.5 T SWLS in September 2013, the cryogenic system has begun its operation with a full-time load. In this work, the first operation of the cryogenic system with a superconducting insertion device is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-WEPRI113

Export •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)