IPAC2014 - Classification: 04 Hadron Accelerators / A11 Beam Cooling

Paper	Title	Page
MOPRO015	Advances in Coherent Electron Cooling	91
	V. Litvinenko, Y. Hao, Y.C. Jing, D. Kayran, G. Wang BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA G.I. Bell, I.V. Pogorelov, B.T. Schwartz, A.V. Sobol, S.D. Webb Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA D.L. Bruhwiler RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colerado, USA A. Elizarov SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA D.F. Ratner SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA O.A. Shevchenko BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
	This paper will be focused on advances and challenges in cooling of high-energy hadron – and potentially heavy lepton-beams. Such techniques are required to improve quality of hadron beams and for increasing the luminosity in hadron and electron-hadron colliders. In contrast with light leptons, which have very strong radiation damping via synchrotron radiation, the hadrons radiate very little (even in 7TeV LHC) and require additional cooling mechanism to control growth of their emittances. I will discuss the physics principles of revolutionary, but untested, technique: the coherent electron cooling (CeC). Further, current advances and novel CeC schemes will be presented as well as the status of preparation at Brookhaven National Laboratory for the CeC demonstration experiment.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO015
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MOPRO036	Beam Life Time and Stability Studies for ELENA	154
	J. Resta-López, O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom J. Resta-López IFIC, Valencia, Spain
	Funding: Work supported by the EU under Grant Agreement 624854 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1. The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler, which shall be constructed at CERN to decelerate antiprotons to energies as low as 100 keV. At such low energies it is very important to carefully take contributions from electron cooling and heating effects (e.g. on the residual gas) into account. Detailed investigations into the ion kinetics under consideration of effects from electron cooling and scattering on the residual gas have been carried out using the BETACOOL code. In this contribution a consistent explanation of the different physical effects acting on the beam in ELENA is given. Beam lifetime, equilibrium momentum spread and emittance are all estimated based on numerical simulations. Finally, optimum machine settings are presented as a result of optimization studies.
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MOPRI067	Beam Cooling Systems and Activities at GSI and FAIR	757
	C. Dimopoulou GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
	Efficient and versatile beam cooling (electron and stochastic cooling) has been an indispensable ingredient for beam preparation and physics experiments at the GSI accelerator complex. The hot secondary beams emerging from the production targets can hardly be used, unless they are cooled. Beam stacking of low-abundant species relies on cooling. Cooling enables high-precision experiments with stored beams, counteracts the heating during internal target operation and controls decelerated beams. New challenges lie ahead within the FAIR project like (i) the ongoing integration downstream of the ESR of the low-energy CRYRING with its electron cooler, (ii) the developments for the demanding CR stochastic cooling system, (iii) the stacking scenarios with RF and stochastic cooling in the HESR/RESR. The function and parameters of the existing and future beam cooling systems are summarized. We report on the latest hardware developments as well as on improvements of the controls and operation software. Recent highlights and results from beam manipulations with cooling at GSI are shown. In focus are those benchmarking experiments, where the concepts for the new FAIR systems are verified. C. Dimopoulou on behalf of the GSI Beam Cooling Department, of the GSI Stored Beams Division and of the FAIR Project Team.
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MOPRI070	2MeV Electron Cooler for COSY and HESR – First Results	765
	V. Kamerdzhiev, U. Bechstedt, F.M. Esser, O. Felden, R. Gebel, A.J. Halama, F. Klehr, G. Langenberg, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, K. Reimers, M. Retzlaff, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle FZJ, Jülich, Germany N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.M. Kruchkov, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, V.B. Reva, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J. Dietrich HIM, Mainz, Germany T. Katayama Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan L.J. Mao IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
	The 2 MeV electron cooler was installed in the COSY ring in the spring 2013. The new system enables electron cooling in the whole energy range of COSY. The electron beam is guided by longitudinal magnetic field all the way from the electron gun to the collector. This well-proven optics scheme was chosen because of the wide electron energy range of 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual sections of identical design. Electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. Electron beam commissioning and first studies using proton and deuteron beams were carried out. Electron cooling of proton beam up to 1662 MeV kinetic energy was demonstrated. Maximum electron beam energy achieved so far amounted to 1.25 MeV. Voltage up to 1.4 MV was demonstrated. The cooler was operated with electron current up to 0.5 A. The paper provides insights into the recent progress in high energy electron cooling at COSY and perspectives for the HESR ring at FAIR.
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MOPRI072	Simulation Study of Heavy Ion Beam Injection and Acceleration in the HESR for Internal Target Experiments with Cooling	768
	H. Stockhorst, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen FZJ, Jülich, Germany T. Katayama Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
	Recently, the feature of ion beam injection, storage and acceleration assisted by a barrier bucket and cooling has been investigated in the High Energy Storage Ring HESR at the new facility FAIR which will be built at the GSI Darmstadt. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u. The simulation studies are now improved to include different injection schemes applying either the barrier cavity or the h = 1 cavity in the HESR. It is outlined how the new 2.5 MeV electron cooler at COSY Jülich or stochastic cooling can support the injection mechanism. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam is extended to 5 GeV/u under the mandatory condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The flexibility of the HESR ring lattice is utilized to avoid transition energy crossing during ramping up to 5 GeV/u and to adjust the rings’ frequency slip factor for optimal stochastic cooling. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a hydrogen target. H. Stockhorst et al., MOPEA018, IPAC13
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MOPRI073	Status of the HESR Electron Cooler Test Set-up	771
	M.W. Bruker, K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich, S. Friederich, T. Weilbach HIM, Mainz, Germany K. Aulenbacher IKP, Mainz, Germany
	For the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR, it is planned to install an electron cooling device with a beam current of 3 A and a beam energy of 8 MeV. A test set-up was built at Helmholtz-Insitut Mainz (HIM) to conduct a feasibility study. One of the main goals of the test set-up is to evaluate the gun design proposed by TSL (Uppsala) with respect to vacuum handling, electric and magnetic fields, and the resulting beam parameters. Another purpose of the set-up is to reduce recuperation losses to less than 10^-5. To measure this quantity and to mitigate collection losses, a Wien filter has been designed and installed. Beam diagnostics will be carried out with a COSY-style beam position monitor. The latest progress of the project is presented.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI073
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MOPRI074	Conceptual Project Relativistic Electron Cooler for FAIR/HESR	774
	V.V. Parkhomchuk, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasiuk, V.B. Reva BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich HIM, Mainz, Germany V. Kamerdzhiev FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	To develop a 4 MeV relativistic electron cooling system for the HESR storage ring, which is part of the future GSI facility FAIR, is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the upgrade to 8 MeV of the relativistic electron cooler is essential for the future Electron Nucleon Collider (ENC@FAIR) project. The basic feature of the design are the power for magnet field coils at accelerating and decelerating column is generated by turbines (one option under investigation in this research group) operated on SF6 gas under pressure
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MOPRI075	COSY 2 MeV Cooler: Design, Diagnostic and Commissioning	777
	V.B. Reva, N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, A.V. Ivanov, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia J. Dietrich DELTA, Dortmund, Germany V. Kamerdzhiev, L.J. Mao FZJ, Jülich, Germany
	The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Julich was proposed to further boost the luminosity in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and for testing new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. The COSY cooler is designed on the classic scheme of low energy coolers like cooler CSRm, CSRe, LEIR that was produced in BINP before. The electron beam is transported inside the longitudinal magnetic field along whole trajectory from an electron gun to a collector. This optic scheme is stimulated by the wide range of the working energies 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual unify section. Each section contains two HV power supply and power supply of the magnetic coils. The electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. This report describes the cooler design, diagnostics, control system and the result of the commissioning in BINP and FZJ at the different energies.
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Paper

Title

Page

Advances in Coherent Electron Cooling

91

V. Litvinenko, Y. Hao, Y.C. Jing, D. Kayran, G. Wang
BNL, Upton, Long Island, New York, USA
G.I. Bell, I.V. Pogorelov, B.T. Schwartz, A.V. Sobol, S.D. Webb
Tech-X, Boulder, Colorado, USA
D.L. Bruhwiler
RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colerado, USA
A. Elizarov
SUNY SB, Stony Brook, New York, USA
D.F. Ratner
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
O.A. Shevchenko
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

This paper will be focused on advances and challenges in cooling of high-energy hadron – and potentially heavy lepton-beams. Such techniques are required to improve quality of hadron beams and for increasing the luminosity in hadron and electron-hadron colliders. In contrast with light leptons, which have very strong radiation damping via synchrotron radiation, the hadrons radiate very little (even in 7TeV LHC) and require additional cooling mechanism to control growth of their emittances. I will discuss the physics principles of revolutionary, but untested, technique: the coherent electron cooling (CeC). Further, current advances and novel CeC schemes will be presented as well as the status of preparation at Brookhaven National Laboratory for the CeC demonstration experiment.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO015

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MOPRO036

Beam Life Time and Stability Studies for ELENA

154

J. Resta-López, O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch
Cockcroft Institute, Warrington, Cheshire, United Kingdom
O. Karamyshev, D. Newton, C.P. Welsch
The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
J. Resta-López
IFIC, Valencia, Spain

Funding: Work supported by the EU under Grant Agreement 624854 and the STFC Cockcroft Institute Core Grant No. ST/G008248/1.
The Extremely Low ENergy Antiproton ring (ELENA) is a small synchrotron equipped with an electron cooler, which shall be constructed at CERN to decelerate antiprotons to energies as low as 100 keV. At such low energies it is very important to carefully take contributions from electron cooling and heating effects (e.g. on the residual gas) into account. Detailed investigations into the ion kinetics under consideration of effects from electron cooling and scattering on the residual gas have been carried out using the BETACOOL code. In this contribution a consistent explanation of the different physical effects acting on the beam in ELENA is given. Beam lifetime, equilibrium momentum spread and emittance are all estimated based on numerical simulations. Finally, optimum machine settings are presented as a result of optimization studies.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRO036

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MOPRI067

Beam Cooling Systems and Activities at GSI and FAIR

757

C. Dimopoulou
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

Efficient and versatile beam cooling (electron and stochastic cooling) has been an indispensable ingredient for beam preparation and physics experiments at the GSI accelerator complex. The hot secondary beams emerging from the production targets can hardly be used, unless they are cooled. Beam stacking of low-abundant species relies on cooling. Cooling enables high-precision experiments with stored beams, counteracts the heating during internal target operation and controls decelerated beams. New challenges lie ahead within the FAIR project like (i) the ongoing integration downstream of the ESR of the low-energy CRYRING with its electron cooler, (ii) the developments for the demanding CR stochastic cooling system, (iii) the stacking scenarios with RF and stochastic cooling in the HESR/RESR. The function and parameters of the existing and future beam cooling systems are summarized. We report on the latest hardware developments as well as on improvements of the controls and operation software. Recent highlights and results from beam manipulations with cooling at GSI are shown. In focus are those benchmarking experiments, where the concepts for the new FAIR systems are verified.
C. Dimopoulou on behalf of the GSI Beam Cooling Department, of the GSI Stored Beams Division and of the FAIR Project Team.

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MOPRI070

2MeV Electron Cooler for COSY and HESR – First Results

765

V. Kamerdzhiev, U. Bechstedt, F.M. Esser, O. Felden, R. Gebel, A.J. Halama, F. Klehr, G. Langenberg, A. Lehrach, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, K. Reimers, M. Retzlaff, R. Stassen, H. Stockhorst, R. Tölle
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.M. Kruchkov, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, V.B. Reva, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J. Dietrich
HIM, Mainz, Germany
T. Katayama
Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
L.J. Mao
IMP, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China

The 2 MeV electron cooler was installed in the COSY ring in the spring 2013. The new system enables electron cooling in the whole energy range of COSY. The electron beam is guided by longitudinal magnetic field all the way from the electron gun to the collector. This well-proven optics scheme was chosen because of the wide electron energy range of 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual sections of identical design. Electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. Electron beam commissioning and first studies using proton and deuteron beams were carried out. Electron cooling of proton beam up to 1662 MeV kinetic energy was demonstrated. Maximum electron beam energy achieved so far amounted to 1.25 MeV. Voltage up to 1.4 MV was demonstrated. The cooler was operated with electron current up to 0.5 A. The paper provides insights into the recent progress in high energy electron cooling at COSY and perspectives for the HESR ring at FAIR.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI070

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MOPRI072

Simulation Study of Heavy Ion Beam Injection and Acceleration in the HESR for Internal Target Experiments with Cooling

768

H. Stockhorst, B. Lorentz, R. Maier, D. Prasuhn, R. Stassen
FZJ, Jülich, Germany
T. Katayama
Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan

Recently, the feature of ion beam injection, storage and acceleration assisted by a barrier bucket and cooling has been investigated in the High Energy Storage Ring HESR at the new facility FAIR which will be built at the GSI Darmstadt. A bare uranium beam is injected from the collector ring CR into the HESR at 740 MeV/u*. The simulation studies are now improved to include different injection schemes applying either the barrier cavity or the h = 1 cavity in the HESR. It is outlined how the new 2.5 MeV electron cooler at COSY Jülich or stochastic cooling can support the injection mechanism. The beam preparation for an internal target experiment with cooling is outlined. The acceleration of the ion beam is extended to 5 GeV/u under the mandatory condition of the available cavity voltages and the maximum magnetic field ramp rate in the HESR. The flexibility of the HESR ring lattice is utilized to avoid transition energy crossing during ramping up to 5 GeV/u and to adjust the rings’ frequency slip factor for optimal stochastic cooling. The cooling simulations include the beam-target interaction due to a hydrogen target.
* H. Stockhorst et al., MOPEA018, IPAC13

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI072

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MOPRI073

Status of the HESR Electron Cooler Test Set-up

771

M.W. Bruker, K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich, S. Friederich, T. Weilbach
HIM, Mainz, Germany
K. Aulenbacher
IKP, Mainz, Germany

For the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR, it is planned to install an electron cooling device with a beam current of 3 A and a beam energy of 8 MeV. A test set-up was built at Helmholtz-Insitut Mainz (HIM) to conduct a feasibility study. One of the main goals of the test set-up is to evaluate the gun design proposed by TSL (Uppsala) with respect to vacuum handling, electric and magnetic fields, and the resulting beam parameters. Another purpose of the set-up is to reduce recuperation losses to less than 10^-5. To measure this quantity and to mitigate collection losses, a Wien filter has been designed and installed. Beam diagnostics will be carried out with a COSY-style beam position monitor. The latest progress of the project is presented.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI073

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MOPRI074

Conceptual Project Relativistic Electron Cooler for FAIR/HESR

774

V.V. Parkhomchuk, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.P. Denisov, V.M. Panasiuk, V.B. Reva
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
K. Aulenbacher, J. Dietrich
HIM, Mainz, Germany
V. Kamerdzhiev
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

To develop a 4 MeV relativistic electron cooling system for the HESR storage ring, which is part of the future GSI facility FAIR, is proposed to further boost the luminosity even with strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. In addition the upgrade to 8 MeV of the relativistic electron cooler is essential for the future Electron Nucleon Collider (ENC@FAIR) project. The basic feature of the design are the power for magnet field coils at accelerating and decelerating column is generated by turbines (one option under investigation in this research group) operated on SF6 gas under pressure

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI074

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MOPRI075

COSY 2 MeV Cooler: Design, Diagnostic and Commissioning

777

V.B. Reva, N. Alinovskiy, T.V. Bedareva, E.A. Bekhtenev, O.V. Belikov, V.N. Bocharov, V.V. Borodich, M.I. Bryzgunov, A.V. Bubley, V.A. Chekavinskiy, V.G. Cheskidov, B.A. Dovzhenko, A.I. Erokhin, M.G. Fedotov, A.D. Goncharov, K. Gorchakov, V.K. Gosteev, I.A. Gusev, A.V. Ivanov, G.V. Karpov, Y.I. Koisin, M.N. Kondaurov, V.R. Kozak, A.D. Lisitsyn, I.A. Lopatkin, V.R. Mamkin, A.S. Medvedko, V.M. Panasyuk, V.V. Parkhomchuk, I.V. Poletaev, V.A. Polukhin, A.Yu. Protopopov, D.N. Pureskin, A.A. Putmakov, P.A. Selivanov, E.P. Semenov, D.V. Senkov, D.N. Skorobogatov, N.P. Zapiatkin
BINP SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
J. Dietrich
DELTA, Dortmund, Germany
V. Kamerdzhiev, L.J. Mao
FZJ, Jülich, Germany

The 2 MeV electron cooling system for COSY-Julich was proposed to further boost the luminosity in presence of strong heating effects of high-density internal targets. The 2 MeV cooler is also well suited in the start up phase of the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR) at FAIR in Darmstadt. It can be used for beam cooling at injection energy and for testing new features of the high energy electron cooler for HESR. The COSY cooler is designed on the classic scheme of low energy coolers like cooler CSRm, CSRe, LEIR that was produced in BINP before. The electron beam is transported inside the longitudinal magnetic field along whole trajectory from an electron gun to a collector. This optic scheme is stimulated by the wide range of the working energies 0.025-2 MeV. The electrostatic accelerator consists of 33 individual unify section. Each section contains two HV power supply and power supply of the magnetic coils. The electrical power to each section is provided by a cascade transformer. This report describes the cooler design, diagnostics, control system and the result of the commissioning in BINP and FZJ at the different energies.

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reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2014-MOPRI075

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